Securing IoT in Industry 4.0 Applications with Blockchain

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1. Internet of Things
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Evolution of IoT
		1.1.2 Definition and Characteristics
	1.2 Architecture of IoT
		1.2.1 Physical Devices
		1.2.2 Gateways and Networks
		1.2.3 Edge Analytics
		1.2.4 Fog Computing
		1.2.5 Cloud Platforms
		1.2.6 IoT Data Analytics
		1.2.7 IoT Data Visualization
	1.3 Technologies for IoT
		1.3.1 Communication Protocols
		1.3.2 Wireless Sensor Networks
		1.3.3 Cloud Computing
		1.3.4 Embedded Systems
	1.4 Developing IoT Applications
		1.4.1 Programming Languages for IoT Devices
		1.4.2 Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for IoT Development
		1.4.3 Tools for IoT Development
	1.5 Applications of IoT
		1.5.1 Agriculture
		1.5.2 Smart Cities
		1.5.3 Transportation
		1.5.4 Environment
		1.5.5 Healthcare
	1.6 Industrial IoT (IIoT)
	1.7 Security in IoT
	1.8 Summary
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 2. IoT Application in Education
	2.1 Introduction
		2.1.1 Technology Related to Higher Education
	2.2 Components of IoT
	2.3 IoT Applications in the Teaching and Learning Processes
		2.3.1 Interactive Whiteboards
		2.3.2 Students ID Cards
		2.3.3 Tracking Attendance
			2.3.3.1 Sensors and Actuators
			2.3.3.2 Connectivity
			2.3.3.3 People and Process
	2.4 Challenges in IoT
		2.4.1 Cloud Computing
		2.4.2 Instructional Technologies
		2.4.3 Mobility Applications
		2.4.4 Security and Privacy
		2.4.5 Research Computing
		2.4.6 Quality and Ethics
		2.4.7 Financing
		2.4.8 Network Devices and Connections
		2.4.9 Sensors
			2.4.9.1 Image Sensors
		2.4.10 Physical Objects
	2.5 Digital Transformation among the Knowledge Seekers
		2.5.1 Content Preparation
		2.5.2 Assignments/Seminars/Projects
	2.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Smart Industries
	3.1 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
		3.1.1 Digital Transformation
		3.1.2 Industry 4.0
	3.2 IoT Is Making a Smart City
	3.3 IIoT in Different Industries
		3.3.1 Smart Grid Technology
		3.3.2 Smart E-Waste Management
		3.3.3 Smart Home
		3.3.4 Smart Apartments/Offices/Buildings
		3.3.5 Hospital Industry
		3.3.6 Water Industry
		3.3.7 Oil and Gas Industry
		3.3.8 Transport Engineering Industry
		3.3.9 Mining Industry
		3.3.10 Smart Drones
		3.3.11 IoT in Business/Retail Shopping
		3.3.12 IoT in Ocean Exploration
		3.3.13 Agriculture Industry
		3.3.14 Food Industry
		3.3.15 IoT in the Fire Industry
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4. Medical Internet of Health Things (mIoT)
	4.1 Medical IoT
		4.1.1 Advantage of Medical IoT
	4.2 General Architecture of IoT
		4.2.1 Devices
		4.2.2 Data Aggregation and Preprocessing
		4.2.3 Data Storage
		4.2.4 Data Analysis
	4.3 Internet of Mobile Health Things (mIoT)
		4.3.1 mIoT Layer for Patient Monitoring
		4.3.2 Wearable Medical Devices
		4.3.3 Wearable Medical Rehabilitation Devices
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Applications
	5.1 Evolution of IoT for Industrial Applications
	5.2 Market Share and Growth Projection of IIoT
	5.3 IIoT and Impacts by Industry
		5.3.1 Retail
		5.3.2 Manufacturing
		5.3.3 Telecom
		5.3.4 Energy and Utilities
		5.3.5 Life Sciences
		5.3.6 Banking and Financial Services
	5.4 Insurance and Healthcare
		5.4.1 Lines of Businesses in Insurance
		5.4.2 Value Chains in Insurance
	5.5 Anatomy of an IoT User Journey in Insurance
	5.6 IIoT in Healthcare During COVID-19
	5.7 Fusion of IR 4.0 Technologies
	5.8 IIoT Implementation Examples in Insurance
	5.9 Challenges and Opportunities
	5.10 Crystal Gazing into the Future
	5.11 IIoT Learning Road Map for Education
	References
Chapter 6. Smart Farming: IoT-Based Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Prediction Using Image Processing Techniques
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Smart Farming and Benefits
	6.3 Smart Farming Components
	6.4 Smart Farming Application Areas
		6.4.1 Precision Farming
		6.4.2 Agricultural Drones
		6.4.3 Livestock Management
		6.4.4 Smart Greenhouse
	6.5 Smart Farming in Industries
		6.5.1 Robotics
		6.5.2 Remote Sensing
		6.5.3 Computer Imaging
	6.6 Service Providers of Smart Farming
		6.6.1 Mothive
		6.6.2 CropX
		6.6.3 Arable
		6.6.4 Ceres Imaging
		6.6.5 Gamaya
		6.6.6 AgriData
		6.6.7 Agrowatcher
		6.6.8 AgEagle
		6.6.9 PrecisionHawk
		6.6.10 Aker Technologies
	6.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7. Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things: The Smart City Perspective
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Artificial Intelligence
		7.1.2 Internet of Things
	7.2 Convergence of AI and IoT
	7.3 Need for AI-Enabled IoT
	7.4 Application Domains of AI-Enabled IoT
	7.5 Smart City Environment
		7.5.1 Smart City Initiatives Worldwide
		7.5.2 Smart City Initiatives in India
	7.6 AI-Enabled IoT in Smart City Development
		7.6.1 Smart Environment
			7.6.1.1 AI and IoT in Air Quality
			7.6.1.2 AI and IoT in Water Quality
			7.6.1.3 AI and IoT in Renewable Energy Production
		7.6.2 Smart Healthcare
		7.6.3 Smart Agriculture
		7.6.4 Smart Buildings
		7.6.5 Smart Manufacturing
		7.6.6 Smart Transportation
		7.6.7 Smart Waste Management
	7.7 Case Study: Coimbatore City
		7.7.1 Smart City Architecture for Coimbatore City
	7.8 Summary
	References
Chapter 8. Internet of Nano Things: An Amalgamation of Nanotechnology and IoT
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Internet of Things: Making Things Smarter
		8.1.2 Internet of Nano Things: Making Smarter Things Smaller
	8.2 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials
		8.2.1 Processing Nanomaterials for IoNT Applications
		8.2.2 Roles of Nanomaterials in IoNT
	8.3 Nanomachines
		8.3.1 Architecture of Nanomachines
		8.3.2 Development of Nanomachines
	8.4 Communication and Networking of IoNT
		8.4.1 Nano-Communication Paradigms
		8.4.2 IoNT Network Architecture
	8.5 Applications of IoNT
		8.5.1 Illustration of IoNT Working: Wearable Biosensors
		8.5.2 Other Application
			8.5.2.1 Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) and Biomedical Applications
			8.5.2.2 Industrial Applications
			8.5.2.3 Environmental Applications
			8.5.2.4 Military and Spacespace Applications
	8.6 Challenges of IoNT
	8.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9. Blockchain and Cybersecurity
	9.1 Introduction to Blockchain
	9.2 Cryptographic Hash Functions
		9.2.1 Uses of Hash Functions
			9.2.1.1 Integrity of Data
			9.2.1.2 Protecting Passwords
			9.2.1.3 Proof-of-Work
	9.3 Hash Functions in a Blockchain
		9.3.1 Blockchain in Bitcoin Network
		9.3.2 Private Blockchain
	9.4 Advantages of Blockchains
	9.5 Disadvantages of Blockchains
		9.5.1 51% Attack
		9.5.2 Examples of 51% Attacks
	9.6 Blockchains and Cybersecurity
		9.6.1 Cryptocurrency
		9.6.2 Smart Contracts
		9.6.3 Transferring Financial Instruments: Uses in Stock Exchanges
		9.6.4 Namecoin: Distributed DNS
		9.6.5 Public Key Infrastructure: Playing the Role of Certificate Authorities
		9.6.6 Anonymizing Data: Uses in the Healthcare Industry
		9.6.7 Blockchains as Repositories of Public Registers
		9.6.8 IoT and Blockchain
		9.6.9 Traceability and Supply Chain Management
		9.6.10 Public Register of Antiques and Artefacts
	9.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10. Blockchain
	10.1 Introduction to Blockchain
		10.1.1 What Is Blockchain?
		10.1.2 Origin of Blockchain
			10.1.2.1 Demerits of the Current Transaction System
	10.2 Blockchain Mechanism
		10.2.1 Components of a Blockchain
	10.3 Types of Blockchain
		10.3.1 Public Blockchain
		10.3.2 Private Blockchain
		10.3.3 Consortium Blockchain
		10.3.4 Hybrid Blockchain
	10.4 Evolution of Blockchains
		10.4.1 Smart Contract
	10.5 Business Applications of Blockchain
		10.5.1 Manufacturing
		10.5.2 Healthcare
		10.5.3 Supply Chains
			10.5.3.1 Drug Supply in Healthcare
			10.5.3.2 Documentation and Verification
			10.5.3.3 Trade Financing in NBFCs
			10.5.3.4 Agriculture Financing
		10.5.4 Education and Academia
		10.5.5 Crowdfunding
		10.5.6 Banking
		10.5.7 Cryptocurrency
	10.6 Benefits of Blockchain Technology
	10.7 Infrastructure Needed to Implement Blockchain
	10.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11. Cybersecurity
	11.1 Cybercrime: An Overview
		11.1.1 Growth of Internet
		11.1.2 Evaluation of Data
		11.1.3 Causes of Cybercrime
		11.1.4 Classifications of Cyber Vulnerabilities
			11.1.4.1 Individuals
			11.1.4.2 Organization
			11.1.4.3 Society
			11.1.4.4 Government
		11.1.5 Classifications of Malware Attacks
	11.2 Cybersecurity Techniques
		11.2.1 Authentication
		11.2.2 Encryption
			11.2.2.1 Encryption Algorithm
		11.2.3 Digital Signatures
			11.2.3.1 Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)
		11.2.4 Antivirus
		11.2.5 Firewall
			11.2.5.1 Functions of Firewalls
		11.2.6 Steganography
	11.3 Preventive Measures
		11.3.1 Generating Secure Passwords
		11.3.2 Two-Factor Authentications
		11.3.3 Using Password Manager
			11.3.3.1 Functions of Password Managers
			11.3.3.2 The Functionality of KeePassX Password Manager
			11.3.3.3 Features of Password Managers
	11.4 Cybercrime Initiatives in India
		11.4.1 Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
		11.4.2 National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
		11.4.3 Computer Emergency Response Team - (CERT-In)
		11.4.4 National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC)
		11.4.5 Indian Penal Code (IPC)
		11.4.6 National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Center (NCIIPC) of India
	11.5 Cybersecurity Tools
		11.5.1 IBM QRadar Advisor and Watson
		11.5.2 Kali Linux
		11.5.3 Netstumbler
		11.5.4 Splunk
		11.5.5 Nmap
	References
Chapter 12. PLC and SCADA as Smart Services in Industry 4.0 for Industrial Automation Techniques
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Classifications of Automation Systems
		12.2.1 Fixed Automation
		12.2.2 Programmable Automation
		12.2.3 Flexible Automation
		12.2.4 Integrated Automation
	12.3 Industrial Automation Systems
		12.3.1 Manufacturing Automation System
		12.3.2 Process Plant Automation System
		12.3.3 The Functional Elements of Industrial Automation
			12.3.3.1 Sensing and Actuating Elements
		12.3.4 Industrial Sensors and Instrument Systems
			12.3.4.1 Physical Medium
			12.3.4.2 Sensing Element
			12.3.4.3 Signal-Conditioning Elements
			12.3.4.4 Signal Processing Elements
			12.3.4.5 Target Signal-Handling
		12.3.5 Industrial Actuator Systems
			12.3.5.1 Electronic Signal-Processing Elements
			12.3.5.2 Electronic Power Amplification Elements
			12.3.5.3 Variable Conversion Elements
			12.3.5.4 Non-Electrical Power Conversion Element
			12.3.5.5 Non-Electrical Variable Conversion Element
	12.4 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
		12.4.1 PLC's Evolution
		12.4.2 Application Areas
		12.4.3 Central Processing Units
		12.4.4 Communications Processors
		12.4.5 Program and Data Memory
		12.4.6 Programmers
	12.5 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
		12.5.1 Implementation of PLC and SCADA in Industrial Application
			12.5.1.1 Automated Effective Boiler System for Thermal Power Plant Using PLC and SCADA
			12.5.1.2 Necessity for Automated Boiler
			12.5.1.3 Boiler Automation Using PLC and SCADA
		12.5.2 Control Parameters
		12.5.3 SCADA Design
		12.5.4 Internet of Things (IoT)
	12.6 Conclusion
	References
Index