Sears and Zemansky's university physics: with modern physics /

Frontmatter
	Copyright
	Brief Contents
	About the Authors
	Preface
	Detailed Contents
Chapter 1: Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors
	1.1: The Nature of Physics
	1.2: Solving Physics Problems
	1.3: Standards and Units
	1.4: Using and Converting Units
	1.5: Uncertainty and Significant Figures
	1.6: Estimates and Orders of Magnitude
	1.7: Vectors and Vector Addition
	1.8: Components of Vectors
	1.9: Unit Vectors
	1.10: Products of Vectors
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 2: Motion Along a Straight Line
	2.1: Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
	2.2: Instantaneous Velocity
	2.3: Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
	2.4: Motion with Constant Acceleration
	2.5: Freely Falling Bodies
	2.6: Velocity and Position by Integration
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 3: Motion in Two or Three Dimensions
	3.1: Position and Velocity Vectors
	3.2: The Acceleration Vector
	3.3: Projectile Motion
	3.4: Motion in a Circle
	3.5: Relative Velocity
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 4: Newton’s Laws of Motion
	4.1: Force and Interactions
	4.2: Newton’s First Law
	4.3: Newton’s Second Law
	4.4: Mass and Weight
	4.5: Newton’s Third Law
	4.6: Free-Body Diagrams
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 5: Applying Newton’s Laws
	5.1: Using Newton’s First Law: Particles in Equilibrium
	5.2: Using Newton’s Second Law: Dynamics of Particles
	5.3: Friction Forces
	5.4: Dynamics of Circular Motion
	5.5: The Fundamental Forces of Nature
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 6: Work and Kinetic Energy
	6.1: Work
	6.2: Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem
	6.3: Work and Energy with Varying Forces
	6.4: Power
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation
	7.1: Gravitational Potential Energy
	7.2: Elastic Potential Energy
	7.3: Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
	7.4: Force and Potential Energy
	7.5: Energy Diagrams
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 8: Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions
	8.1: Momentum and Impulse
	8.2: Conservation of Momentum
	8.3: Momentum Conservation and Collisions
	8.4: Elastic Collisions
	8.5: Center of Mass
	8.6: Rocket Propulsion
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 9: Rotation of Rigid Bodies
	9.1: Angular Velocity and Acceleration
	9.2: Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration
	9.3: Relating Linear and Angular Kinematics
	9.4: Energy in Rotational Motion
	9.5: Parallel-Axis Theorem
	9.6: Moment-of-Inertia Calculations
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 10: Dynamics of Rotational Motion
	10.1: Torque
	10.2: Torque and Angular Acceleration for a Rigid Body
	10.3: Rigid-Body Rotation About a Moving Axis
	10.4: Work and Power in Rotational Motion
	10.5: Angular Momentum
	10.6: Conservation of Angular Momentum
	10.7: Gyroscopes and Precession
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 11: Equilibrium and Elasticity
	11.1: Conditions for Equilibrium
	11.2: Center of Gravity
	11.3: Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems
	11.4: Stress, Strain, and Elastic Moduli
	11.5: Elasticity and Plasticity
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 12: Fluid Mechanics
	12.1: Gases, Liquids, and Density
	12.2: Pressure in a Fluid
	12.3: Buoyancy
	12.4: Fluid Flow
	12.5: Bernoulli’s Equation
	12.6: Viscosity and Turbulence
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 13: Gravitation
	13.1: Newton’s Law of Gravitation
	13.2: Weight
	13.3: Gravitational Potential Energy
	13.4: The Motion of Satellites
	13.5: Kepler’s Laws and the Motion of Planets
	13.6: Spherical Mass Distributions
	13.7: Apparent Weight and the Earth’s Rotation
	13.8: Black Holes
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 14: Periodic Motion
	14.1: Describing Oscillation
	14.2: Simple Harmonic Motion
	14.3: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
	14.4: Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion
	14.5: The Simple Pendulum
	14.6: The Physical Pendulum
	14.7: Damped Oscillations
	14.8: Forced Oscillations and Resonance
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 15: Mechanical Waves
	15.1: Types of Mechanical Waves
	15.2: Periodic Waves
	15.3: Mathematical Description of a Wave
	15.4: Speed of a Transverse Wave
	15.5: Energy in Wave Motion
	15.6: Wave Interference, Boundary Conditions, and Superposition
	15.7: Standing Waves on a String
	15.8: Normal Modes of a String
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 16: Sound and Hearing
	16.1: Sound Waves
	16.2: Speed of Sound Waves
	16.3: Sound Intensity
	16.4: Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes
	16.5: Resonance and Sound
	16.6: Interference of Waves
	16.7: Beats
	16.8: The Doppler Effect
	16.9: Shock Waves
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 17: Temperature and Heat
	17.1: Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
	17.2: Thermometers and Temperature Scales
	17.3: Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale
	17.4: Thermal Expansion
	17.5: Quantity of Heat
	17.6: Calorimetry and Phase Changes
	17.7: Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 18: Thermal Properties of Matter
	18.1: Equations of State
	18.2: Molecular Properties of Matter
	18.3: Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas
	18.4: Heat Capacities
	18.5: Molecular Speeds
	18.6: Phases of Matter
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 19: The First Law of Thermodynamics
	19.1: Thermodynamic Systems
	19.2: Work Done During Volume Changes
	19.3: Paths Between Thermodynamic States
	19.4: Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
	19.5: Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes
	19.6: Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas
	19.7: Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas
	19.8: Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 20: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
	20.1: Directions of Thermodynamic Processes
	20.2: Heat Engines
	20.3: Internal-Combustion Engines
	20.4: Refrigerators
	20.5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
	20.6: The Carnot Cycle
	20.7: Entropy
	20.8: Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 21: Electric Charge and Electric Field
	21.1: Electric Charge
	21.2: Conductors, Insulators, and Induced Charges
	21.3: Coulomb’s Law
	21.4: Electric Field and Electric Forces
	21.5: Electric-Field Calculations
	21.6: Electric Field Lines
	21.7: Electric Dipoles
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 22: Gauss’s Law
	22.1: Charge and Electric Flux
	22.2: Calculating Electric Flux
	22.3: Gauss’s Law
	22.4: Applications of Gauss’s Law
	22.5: Charges on Conductors
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 23: Electric Potential
	23.1: Electric Potential Energy
	23.2: Electric Potential
	23.3: Calculating Electric Potential
	23.4: Equipotential Surfaces
	23.5: Potential Gradient
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 24: Capacitance and Dielectrics
	24.1: Capacitors and Capacitance
	24.2: Capacitors in Series and Parallel
	24.3: Energy Storage in Capacitors and Electric-Field Energy
	24.4: Dielectrics
	24.5: Molecular Model of Induced Charge
	24.6: Gauss’s Law in Dielectrics
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 25: Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force
	25.1: Current
	25.2: Resistivity
	25.3: Resistance
	25.4: Electromotive Force and Circuits
	25.5: Energy and Power in Electric Circuits
	25.6: Theory of Metallic Conduction
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 26: Direct-Current Circuits
	26.1: Resistors in Series and Parallel
	26.2: Kirchhoff’s Rules
	26.3: Electrical Measuring Instruments
	26.4: R-C Circuits
	26.5: Power Distribution Systems
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 27: Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces
	27.1: Magnetism
	27.2: Magnetic Field
	27.3: Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux
	27.4: Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field
	27.5: Applications of Motion of Charged Particles
	27.6: Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
	27.7: Force and Torque on a Current Loop
	27.8: The Direct-Current Motor
	27.9: The Hall Effect
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 28: Sources of Magnetic Field
	28.1: Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge
	28.2: Magnetic Field of a Current Element
	28.3: Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
	28.4: Force Between Parallel Conductors
	28.5: Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop
	28.6: Ampere’s Law
	28.7: Applications of Ampere’s Law
	28.8: Magnetic Materials
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 29: Electromagnetic Induction
	29.1: Induction Experiments
	29.2: Faraday’s Law
	29.3: Lenz’s Law
	29.4: Motional Electromotive Force
	29.5: Induced Electric Fields
	29.6: Eddy Currents
	29.7: Displacement Current and Maxwell’s Equations
	29.8: Superconductivity
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 30: Inductance
	30.1: Mutual Inductance
	30.2: Self-Inductance and Inductors
	30.3: Magnetic-Field Energy
	30.4: The R-L Circuit
	30.5: The L-C Circuit
	30.6: The L-R-C Series Circuit
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 31: Alternating Current
	31.1: Phasors and Alternating Currents
	31.2: Resistance and Reactance
	31.3: The L-R-C Series Circuit
	31.4: Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
	31.5: Resonance in Alternating-Current Circuits
	31.6: Transformers
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 32: Electromagnetic Waves
	32.1: Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
	32.2: Plane Electromagnetic Waves and the Speed of Light
	32.3: Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves
	32.4: Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves
	32.5: Standing Electromagnetic Waves
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 33: The Nature and Propagation of Light
	33.1: The Nature of Light
	33.2: Reflection and Refraction
	33.3: Total Internal Reflection
	33.4: Dispersion
	33.5: Polarization
	33.6: Scattering of Light
	33.7: Huygens’s Principle
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 34: Geometric Optics
	34.1: Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface
	34.2: Reflection at a Spherical Surface
	34.3: Refraction at a Spherical Surface
	34.4: Thin Lenses
	34.5: Cameras
	The Eye
	34.6: The Magnifier
	34.7: Microscopes and Telescopes
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 35: Interference
	35.1: Interference and Coherent Sources
	35.2: Two-Source Interference of Light
	35.3: Intensity in Interference Patterns
	35.4: Interference in Thin Films
	35.5: The Michelson Interferometer
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 36: Diffraction
	36.1: Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction
	36.2: Diffraction from a Single Slit
	36.3: Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern
	36.4: Multiple Slits
	36.5: The Diffraction Grating
	36.6: X-Ray Diffraction
	36.7: Circular Apertures and Resolving Power
	36.8: Holography
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 37: Relativity
	37.1: Invariance of Physical Laws
	37.2: Relativity of Simultaneity
	37.3: Relativity of Time Intervals
	37.4: Relativity of Length
	37.5: The Lorentz Transformations
	37.6: The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves
	37.7: Relativistic Momentum
	37.8: Relativistic Work and Energy
	37.9: Newtonian Mechanics and Relativity
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 38: Photons: Light Waves Behaving as Particles
	38.1: Light Absorbed as Photons: The Photoelectric Effect
	38.2: Light Emitted as Photons: X-Ray Production
	38.3: Light Scattered as Photons: Compton Scattering and Pair Production
	38.4: Wave–Particle Duality, Probability, and Uncertainty
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 39: Particles Behaving as Waves
	39.1: Electron Waves
	39.2: The Nuclear Atom and Atomic Spectra
	39.3: Energy Levels and the Bohr Model of the Atom
	39.4: The Laser
	39.5: Continuous Spectra
	39.6: The Uncertainty Principle Revisited
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 40: Quantum Mechanics I: Wave Functions
	40.1: Wave Functions and the One-Dimensional Schrödinger Equation
	40.2: Particle in a Box
	40.3: Potential Wells
	40.4: Potential Barriers and Tunneling
	40.5: The Harmonic Oscillator
	40.6: Measurement in Quantum Mechanics
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 41: Quantum Mechanics II: Atomic Structure
	41.1: The Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions
	41.2: Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box
	41.3: The Hydrogen Atom
	41.4: The Zeeman Effect
	41.5: Electron Spin
	41.6: Many-Electron Atoms and the Exclusion Principle
	41.7: X-Ray Spectra
	41.8: Quantum Entanglement
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 42: Molecules and Condensed Matter
	42.1: Types of Molecular Bonds
	42.2: Molecular Spectra
	42.3: Structure of Solids
	42.4: Energy Bands
	42.5: Free-Electron Model of Metals
	42.6: Semiconductors
	42.7: Semiconductor Devices
	42.8: Superconductivity
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 43: Nuclear Physics
	43.1: Properties of Nuclei
	43.2: Nuclear Binding and Nuclear Structure
	43.3: Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity
	43.4: Activities and Half-Lives
	43.5: Biological Effects of Radiation
	43.6: Nuclear Reactions
	43.7: Nuclear Fission
	43.8: Nuclear Fusion
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Chapter 44: Particle Physics and Cosmology
	44.1: Fundamental Particles—A History
	44.2: Particle Accelerators and Detectors
	44.3: Particles and Interactions
	44.4: Quarks and Gluons
	44.5: The Standard Model and Beyond
	44.6: The Expanding Universe
	44.7: The Beginning of Time
	Summary
	Questions/Exercises/Problems
Appendices
	The International System of Units
	Useful Mathematical Relations
	The Greek Alphabet
	Periodic Table of the Elements
	Unit Conversion Factors
	Numerical Constants
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
Credits
Index