Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute Guide to Patient Management and Prevention

Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
About the Authors......Page 10
Introduction......Page 11
The Global Perspective......Page 12
The Epidemic in the United States......Page 14
What Can You Do?......Page 15
References......Page 16
Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes: Pre-Diabetes, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)......Page 18
Metabolic Syndrome......Page 19
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome......Page 20
Type 2 Diabetes......Page 21
Children with Type 2 Diabetes......Page 24
Gestational Diabetes......Page 26
Type 1 Diabetes......Page 27
Diabetic Ketoacidosis......Page 28
Other Causes of Glucose Disorders......Page 30
Web Resources......Page 31
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 32
2–1 Facts About Diabetes......Page 33
2–2 Glucose Metabolism......Page 34
2–3 Types of Diabetes......Page 35
2–4 Types of Diabetes......Page 36
2–5 Symptoms of Diabetes......Page 38
2–6 Blood Glucose Balance......Page 39
2–7 Blood Glucose Levels......Page 41
2–8 Estimated Average Glucose or Hemoglobin A1c (A1c)......Page 42
2–9 Blood Sugar Levels and Target Numbers......Page 43
2–10 Taking Care of Yourself After Having Gestational Diabetes......Page 44
2–11 Healthy Eating Guidelines After Gestational Diabetes......Page 45
2–12 Standards of Care......Page 46
2–13 Diabetes Flow Sheet......Page 47
References......Page 49
Oral Agents......Page 52
Biguanide......Page 53
Sulfonylureas......Page 57
Thiazolidinediones......Page 59
DPP-4 Inhibitors......Page 61
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors......Page 62
Meglitinides, Secretagogues......Page 63
Noninsulin Injectable Medications......Page 65
Insulin......Page 69
Basal Insulin Therapy......Page 70
Type 2 Diabetes and Adding Bolus Insulin......Page 72
Mixed-Dose Insulin......Page 73
Type 1 Diabetes......Page 75
Medication Resources for the Patient......Page 77
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 78
3–1 Injectable Medications (Noninsulin)......Page 79
3–2 Action Sites of Diabetes Pills......Page 81
3–3 Diabetes Medicines......Page 82
3–4 Types of Insulin......Page 84
3–5 Preparation of Insulin for Injection: Single Dose......Page 85
3–6 Preparation of Insulin for Injection: Mixed Dose......Page 86
3–7 Site Selection for Insulin Injection......Page 87
3–8 How to Give an Insulin Injection......Page 88
3–9 Hyperglycemia (High Blood Glucose)......Page 89
3–10 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Glucose)......Page 90
3–11 Correction Bolus Insulin Needed to Lower Your Blood Glucose......Page 91
3–12 Meal Bolus Insulin Needed to Cover a Meal......Page 92
3–13 Adjusting Insulin (Basic Principles)......Page 93
References......Page 94
4 Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) and Exercise......Page 98
Calculating Caloric Needs......Page 99
Carbohydrate Counting and Mealtime Insulin......Page 103
Exercise......Page 107
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 111
4–1 Heart-Healthy Eating Guidelines......Page 113
4–2 Estimating Portion Sizes......Page 115
4–3 Weight Loss Tips......Page 116
4–4 What are the Sources of Carbohydrates in the Diet?......Page 118
4–5 Sample Menu 1......Page 120
4–6 Sample Menu 2......Page 122
4–7 Sample Menu 1......Page 124
4–8 Sample Menu 2......Page 126
4–9 Make Your Plate Look Like This!......Page 128
4–10 Make Your Plate Look Like This for Weight Control!......Page 129
4–11 Food Groups and Serving Sizes......Page 130
4–12 Dietary Fiber Content of Selected Food......Page 133
4–13 Fat Facts......Page 136
4–14 Alcohol and Diabetes......Page 137
4–15 Your Body Mass Index (BMI)......Page 138
4–16 The Dos and Don’ts of Exercise......Page 139
4–17 The Benefits of Exercise......Page 140
4–18 Chair Exercises......Page 141
References......Page 142
5 Diabetes and Heart Disease Walk Hand in Hand: Goals for Glucose, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia......Page 144
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 149
5–1 Eat Less Salt......Page 150
5–2 Sources of Cholesterol and Fat......Page 152
5–3 Types of Fat in Blood......Page 153
5–4 Classification of Hyperlipidemia......Page 154
5–5 Lifestyle Modifications......Page 156
5–6 HTN Management Program......Page 158
References......Page 160
ADA Standards of Care......Page 162
Metabolic Goals to Reduce Complications......Page 165
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 171
6–1 Diabetes Can Affect All These Parts of Your Body......Page 172
6–2 Foot Care for People with Diabetes......Page 174
6–3 Diabetes and Sleep......Page 176
6–4 Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)......Page 178
6–5 My Health Goals......Page 179
References......Page 180
Rationale for Home Blood Glucose Monitoring......Page 182
Blood Glucose Recommendations......Page 184
Alternate Site Testing......Page 185
Insulin Pumps: Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion......Page 186
Continuous Glucose Monitoring......Page 192
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 194
7–1 How Often Should I Test My Blood Glucose......Page 195
7–2 Suggested Goals for Blood Glucose?......Page 197
References......Page 198
8 Diabetes and Cultural Considerations......Page 200
Project Dulce’s Program Design......Page 201
Examples of Cultural Considerations in Diets......Page 206
English......Page 209
8–1 ABCs of Diabetes Management......Page 210
8–2 Blood Sugar Levels and Target Numbers......Page 211
8–3 Foot Care for People with Diabetes......Page 212
8–4 Treatments Used in Diabetes......Page 213
8–5 Lo Básico en el Cuidado de la Diabetes......Page 214
8–6 Niveles de Glucosa en la Sangre y Números Meta......Page 215
8–7 ¡Lea la Etiqueta de Valor Nutricional!......Page 216
8–8 Tratamientos Utilizados en el Manejo de la Diabetes......Page 218
8–9 ABCs of Diabetes Management......Page 219
8–10 Blood Sugar Levels and Target Numbers......Page 220
8–11 How to Read a Food Label......Page 221
8–12 ABCs of Diabetes Management......Page 222
8–13 Blood Sugar Levels and Target Numbers......Page 223
8–14 How to Read a Food Label......Page 224
References......Page 225
The Office Visit: The Compliance Model versus the Empowerment Model......Page 226
Factors in Behavior Change......Page 229
Depression......Page 230
Diabetes Resource Toolkit......Page 234
9–1 Depression and Diabetes......Page 235
9–2 Diabetes: Your Emotional Response......Page 236
9–3 Stress......Page 237
References......Page 239
Index......Page 240