Science in Europe, 1500-1800 : a primary sources reader

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Dramatis Personae
Acknowledgements
Preface
1 Europe’s Awakening
	1.1 Plato, Timaeus
	1.2 Aristotle, (a) Physics, (b) On the Heavens
	1.3 Lucretius, On the Nature of the Universe
	1.4 Galen, On Anatomical Procedure
	1.5 Galen, On the Natural Faculties
	1.6 Sacrobosco, The Sphere
2 Copernicus and his Revolution
	2.1 Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1543
		(a) Dedication
		(b) Foreword by Andreas Osiander
		(c) Letter of Nicholas Schönberg, 1536
		(d) Preface to the Pope
		(e) Introduction to Book One
	2.2 G. J. Rheticus, Holy Scripture and the Motion of the Earth [1540]
	2.3 Andreas Vesalius, Preface, On the Fabric of the Human Body, 1543
3 The Spread of Copernicanism in Northern Europe
	3.1 Robert Recorde, The Castle of Knowledge, 1556
	3.2 Edward Wright, ‘Laudatory Address’, in William Gilbert, De Magnete, 1600
	3.3 Tycho Brahe, De disciplinis mathematicis oratio, 1574
	3.4 Johannes Kepler, Astronomia Nova, 1609
	3.5 Johannes Kepler, Harmonices Mundi (The Harmonies of the World), 1619
	3.6 John Wilkins, A Discourse Concerning a New Planet, 1640
4 Crisis in Italy
	4.1 (a) Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina [1615], 1636
		(b) Cardinal Bellarmine, letter to Paolo Foscarini, 12 April 1615
	4.2 Galileo, The Assayer, 1623
	4.3 MS G3 in the Archive of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, ser. AD EE [1624?]
	4.4 Galileo, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican, 1632
	4.5 Tommasso Campanella, Civitas Solis (City of the Sun), 1623
5 Iberian Science: Navigation, Empire and Counter-Reformation
	5.1 Garcia d’Orta, Colloquies on the Simples and Drugs of India, 1563
	5.2 Nicolás Monardes, La Historia Medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales que sirven en Medicina, Seville, 1565–74
	5.3 Diego de Zúñiga, In Job commentaria, Toledo, 1584
	5.4 Diego de Zúñiga, Philosophia prima pars, Toledo, 1597
	5.5 Gaspar de Quiroga, Index et Catalogus Librorum prohibitorum, Madrid, 1583
6 Science from the Earth in Central Europe
	6.1 Ulrich Rülein von Calw, ‘On the Origin of Metals’, in Ein nutzlic Bergbuchlein [1500]
	6.2 Cornelius Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia [1510], 1531
	6.3 Georgius Agricola, ‘On the Origin of Metals’, in De Ortu et Causis Subterraneorum, 1546
	6.4 Georgius Agricola, ‘On the Knowledge of the Miner’, Book I of De Re Metallica, 1556
	6.5 Georgius Agricola, ‘On Assaying’, Book VII of De Re Metallica, 1556
	6.6 Paracelsus, ‘The Physician’s Remedies’ [1520s–1530s]
	6.7 Paracelsus, ‘Alchemy, Art of Transformation’ [1520s–1530s]
	6.8 Paracelsus, (a) ‘Seven Defensiones’ [1538], (b) ‘On the Miners’ Sickness’ [1533–4]
	6.9 Oswald Croll, De signaturis internis rerum, 1608
7 French Science in the Seventeenth Century
	7.1 René Descartes
		(a) The World [1629–33], 1664
		(b) Treatise on Man [1629–33], 1664
		(c) Discourse on Method, 1637
		(d) Principles of Philosophy, 1644
	7.2 Blaise Pascal, Story of the Great Experiment on the Equilibrium of Fluids, 1648
8 Science in Seventeenth-Century England
	8.1 William Gilbert, De Magnete, 1600
	8.2 William Harvey, De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis, 1628
	8.3 Francis Bacon
		(a) Epistle Dedicatory
		(b) Preface to The New Organon, 1620
		(c) Aphorisms
	8.4 Robert Hooke, Preface, Micrographia, 1665
	8.5 Robert Boyle, Some Considerations Touching the Usefulnesse of Experimental Natural Philosophy, The Second Tome, 1671
	8.6 Robert Boyle, Of the Excellency and Grounds of the Corpuscular Philosophy, 1674
	8.7 Robert Boyle, ‘Dialogue on the Transmutation and Melioration of Metals’ [mid- to late 1670s]
	8.8 Isaac Newton, Remarks on an alchemical treatise, ‘Manna’ [1675]
	8.9 Isaac Newton, Preface, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687
	8.10 Isaac Newton, Opticks, 1704 (1730 edn)
9 Scientific Academies across Europe
	9.1 [Lorenzo Magalotti], Introduction to the Saggi of the Accademia del Cimento, 1667
	9.2 Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal Society, 1667
		(a) ‘On the History of the Royal Society: A Model of Their Whole Design’
		(b) ‘On the History of the Royal Society: Their Course of Inquiry’
	9.3 Letter from H. Oldenburg to A. Auzout, 24 May 1666
10 The Reception of Newtonianism across Europe
	10.1 Richard Bentley, A Confutation of Atheism from the Origin and Frame of the World, 1693
	10.2 Letter from Isaac Newton to Richard Bentley, 11 February [1693], 1756
	10.3 John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of Creation, 1691
	10.4 Roger Cotes, Preface to the 2nd edition of the Principia, 1713
	10.5 Extracts from letters relating to the Leibniz– Clarke correspondence
		(a) Leibniz to Conti, November–December 1715
		(b) Newton to Conti, 26 February 1716
		(c) Leibniz to Conti, 9 April 1716
		(d) Leibniz to Wolff, 23 December 1715
	10.6 W. J. ’sGravesande, Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy, 1726
11 Science in the Scottish Enlightenment
	11.1 James Hutton, Abstract of a dissertation read in the Royal Society of Edinburgh . . . concerning the system of the earth, its duration and stability, 1785
	11.2 James Hutton, Theory of the Earth, 1795
	11.3 Joseph Black, ‘Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime and some other Alkaline Substances’, Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary, 1756
	11.4 Adam Smith, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, 1795
12 Science on the Fringe of Europe: Eighteenth-Century Sweden
	12.1 Carl Linnaeus, Dedication and Preface, Species Plantarum, 1753
	12.2 C. W. Scheele, Chemical Investigations on Air and Fire, 1777
	12.3 E. D. Clarke, Travels in Various Parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, 1824
13 Science in Orthodox Europe
	13.1 L. Euler, Letters to a German Princess, 1795
	13.2 S. P. Krasheninnikov, The History of Kamtschatka, 1764
	13.3 Mikhail Lomonosov, The Appearance of Venus on the Sun, Observed at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences on the 16th Day of May in the Year 1761
14 Establishing Science in Eighteenth-Century Europe
	14.1 Robert Jameson, ‘On the Supposed Existence of Mechanical Deposits and Petrefactions in the Primitive Mountains . . . ’, 1802
15 The Chemical Revolution
	15.1 Stephen Hales, Vegetable Staticks, 1727
	15.2 Joseph Priestley, Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, 1775
	15.3 Joseph Priestley, Autobiography of Joseph Priestley: Memoirs Written by Himself, 1806
	15.4 Antoine Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistry, 1789
16 Conclusions
	16.1 F. Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation, 1734
	16.2 Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, 1686, 1687 (‘The Sixth Evening’)
	16.3 Frederick II, ‘Discourse on the Usefulness of the Arts and Sciences in a State’, 27 January 1772
Index