Schaum's Outline of German Grammar

Contents......Page 6
The German Alphabet......Page 12
The Vowels......Page 13
Long vowels versus short vowels......Page 14
Similarities......Page 15
Differences......Page 16
The Glottal Stop......Page 18
Single consonants and double consonants......Page 19
Consonant clusters and groups of consonants......Page 20
Nouns referring to people......Page 25
Masculine nouns......Page 26
Feminine nouns......Page 27
Neuter nouns......Page 28
Masculine endings......Page 29
Feminine endings......Page 31
Neuter endings......Page 32
Words with Different Meanings in Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter Forms......Page 33
Formation......Page 34
Nouns Used Only in the Singular......Page 35
Plural Forms of Nouns......Page 36
Group I......Page 37
Group II......Page 38
Group III......Page 39
Group IV......Page 40
Group V......Page 41
Irregular plural nouns......Page 42
Cases of Nouns......Page 44
Nominative case......Page 45
Accusative case......Page 49
Dative case......Page 52
Genitive case......Page 57
Review of Case Endings for the "der" Words (der, dieser, jeder, jener, mancher, solcher, welcher)......Page 61
Special Uses of the Definite Article......Page 62
Omission of the Indefinite or Definite Article......Page 64
Prepositions Governing the Accusative Case......Page 66
Contractions of prepositions governing the accusative......Page 67
Prepositions Governing the Dative Case......Page 69
Contractions of prepositions governing the dative......Page 70
Prepositions Governing Either the Accusative or the Dative Case......Page 71
Contractions of the two-way prepositions......Page 73
Combinations with verbs of location......Page 74
Da-compounds with accusative and dative prepositions......Page 75
Wo-compounds with accusative and dative prepositions......Page 77
Prepositions Governing the Genitive Case......Page 78
Word Order in Prepositional Phrases......Page 79
Nominative case......Page 82
Accusative case......Page 84
Dative case......Page 85
Position of pronoun objects......Page 86
Pronouns in idiomatic verb + preposition combinations (phrasal verbs)......Page 88
Da-compounds......Page 89
Accusative case......Page 90
Position......Page 91
Possessive Pronouns......Page 92
Demonstrative Pronouns......Page 93
Indefinite Pronouns......Page 94
Relative Pronouns......Page 96
Accusative case......Page 97
Dative case......Page 98
Genitive case......Page 99
Indefinite relative pronouns......Page 100
Wo-compounds in relative clauses......Page 101
Dieser, dieses, diese......Page 103
Predicate adjectives......Page 104
Attributive adjectives preceded by the definite article or other "der" words......Page 105
Attributive adjectives preceded by the indefinite article or other "ein" words......Page 113
Attributive adjectives not preceded by "der" or "ein" words (unpreceded)......Page 119
Present participles used as adjectives......Page 126
Adjectives Used as Nouns......Page 127
Possessive Adjectives......Page 129
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs......Page 131
Vowel change in monosyllabic adjectives......Page 132
Types of comparison of adjectives and adverbs......Page 133
Adverbs......Page 138
Adverbs referring to manner......Page 139
Position of adverbs......Page 140
Idiomatic use of adverbs......Page 141
Numbers over 1,000,000......Page 143
Ordinal numbers......Page 144
Fractions......Page 145
Days of the week......Page 146
Seasons......Page 147
Reversal of numbers in dates......Page 148
Conversational German......Page 149
The use of um … Uhr......Page 150
Other adverbs of time......Page 151
Time expressions in the dative case......Page 152
Time expressions in the genitive case......Page 153
Verb tenses......Page 155
Weak and strong verbs......Page 156
Irregular verbs......Page 163
Special use of the present tense......Page 164
Weak verbs......Page 166
Strong verbs......Page 168
Usage notes on the simple past tense......Page 173
Regular weak verbs......Page 176
Irregular weak verbs......Page 178
Intransitive verbs......Page 179
Strong verbs......Page 180
Auxiliary verbs sein, haben, werden......Page 185
Weak and strong verbs......Page 186
Use of the past perfect tense......Page 187
Use of the future tense......Page 188
Weak and strong verbs......Page 189
Verbs with Inseparable Prefixes......Page 190
Verbs with Separable Prefixes......Page 191
Position of the separable prefix......Page 192
Accusative and dative cases for direct and indirect objects......Page 195
Prepositional objects......Page 196
Reflexive Verbs......Page 197
Reflexive verbs governing the accusative case......Page 198
Reflexive verbs with separable prefixes......Page 199
Reflexive versus nonreflexive use of verbs......Page 200
Reflexive verbs governing the dative case......Page 201
Present tense......Page 203
Simple past tense......Page 205
Compound tenses......Page 207
Compound tenses—present perfect and past perfect......Page 209
Dependent clauses......Page 210
Infinitives preceded by zu to......Page 211
Present participles used as adjectives and adverbs......Page 213
Participles used as nouns......Page 214
Familiar commands......Page 215
Impersonal imperative......Page 218
Use of the conditional......Page 219
Subjunctive forms in German......Page 220
Subjunctive II—Present-time......Page 221
Subjunctive II—Compound forms to indicate past time......Page 229
Subjunctive I......Page 233
Present tense passive......Page 235
Past tense passive......Page 236
Compound tenses......Page 237
Substitute for the passive......Page 238
Passive versus false (or apparent) passive......Page 239
Kennen, wissen, können......Page 240
Legen, setzen, stellen......Page 241
Lassen......Page 242
Nicht in final position......Page 243
Nicht preceding certain other elements in the sentence......Page 244
Nicht with sondern......Page 245
Answering Affirmative and Negative Questions (ja, doch)......Page 246
Other Negative Words......Page 247
The negative article kein-......Page 248
The pronouns nichts, niemand......Page 249
Simple tenses......Page 250
Use of doch in answer to negative questions......Page 251
Interrogative adverbs and adverbial expressions......Page 252
Interrogative pronouns......Page 254
Interrogative adjective......Page 256
Statements......Page 257
Questions......Page 259
Coordinating Conjunctions......Page 262
Subordinating Conjunctions......Page 264
Als, wenn, wann......Page 265
Relative pronouns and interrogatives......Page 267
Conditional sentences......Page 268
Position of the Object......Page 269
Position of the Adverb......Page 271
Answers to Exercises......Page 273
Verb Chart......Page 308
D......Page 310
N......Page 311
V......Page 312
W......Page 313