Schaum's Outline of French Grammar, 5ed (Schaum's Outline Series)

Contents......Page 9
Singular Forms......Page 15
Gender Identification by Word Endings......Page 16
Nouns Indicating Occupations, Nationalities, Relationships and Domestic Animals......Page 17
Regular Plurals......Page 18
Nouns Ending in -ou......Page 19
Irregular Plurals......Page 20
Singular or Plural......Page 21
Compound Nouns......Page 22
With General or Abstract Nouns......Page 23
With Titles......Page 24
With Days of the Week, Seasons Dates and Time Expressions......Page 25
With Weights and Measures......Page 27
Contractions of the Definite Article......Page 28
After the Verb être......Page 30
Other Omissions of the Indefinite Article......Page 31
The Partitive Article......Page 32
When the Sentence is Negative......Page 33
After Expressions of Quantity and Expressions with de......Page 34
Regular Forms......Page 38
Adjectives Ending in a Vowel, Pronounced Consonant or Mute-e......Page 39
Adjectives Ending in -el, -eil, -il, -en, -on, -et and -s......Page 40
Adjectives Ending in -er......Page 41
Adjectives Ending in -eur......Page 42
Adjectives Ending in -c......Page 43
The Adjectives beau, nouveau, vieux......Page 44
Adjectives Ending in -s or -x......Page 45
Adjectives Ending in -al......Page 46
Agreement Problems of Certain Adjectives......Page 47
Adjectives of Color......Page 48
Compound Adjectives......Page 49
Position of Adjectives......Page 50
Adjectives That Change Meaning According to Position......Page 53
Regular Forms......Page 55
Adverbs Formed from Adjectives Ending in a Vowel......Page 56
Adverbs Ending in -amment and -emment......Page 57
Irregular Adverbs......Page 58
Position of Adverbs......Page 60
Regular Comparisons......Page 61
Superlative of Adjectives and Adverbs......Page 63
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives......Page 64
Adjectives without Comparative and Superlative Forms......Page 67
Possessive Adjectives......Page 68
Use of the Definite Article as a Possessive......Page 69
With chacun......Page 70
Demonstrative Adjectives......Page 72
Indefinite Adjectives......Page 73
Uses of Certain Prepositions......Page 84
À, de, dans, en, chez......Page 85
À......Page 87
Au......Page 88
De......Page 89
Prepositions with Modes of Transportation......Page 90
À, at......Page 91
Avant, before and après, after......Page 92
To Mean with......Page 93
Prepositions After Indefinite Pronouns......Page 94
Prepositions in Adverbial Clauses of Manner......Page 95
To Indicate Function, Result or Tendency......Page 96
After Expressions of Duration, Length of Time and Position of the Body......Page 97
Cardinal Numbers......Page 102
Ordinal Numbers......Page 104
Collective Numbers......Page 105
Fractions......Page 106
Dimensions......Page 107
Dates......Page 108
Time......Page 109
Moods and Tenses......Page 112
First Conjugation Verbs......Page 113
Verbs Beginning with a Vowel......Page 116
Verbs with Spelling Changes......Page 117
Second Conjugation Verbs......Page 121
Third Conjugation Verbs......Page 123
Irregular Verbs......Page 124
Verbs with Infinitives Ending in -ire......Page 130
Special Uses of the Present Tense......Page 143
Reflexive / Pronominal Verbs......Page 146
S’asseoir......Page 149
Reflexive versus Non-reflexive Verbs......Page 150
Affirmative Imperatives......Page 151
The Negative Imperative of Reflexive Verbs......Page 153
Use......Page 154
Regular Forms......Page 156
Être......Page 157
Continuing or Habitual Action......Page 158
Descriptions in the Past......Page 160
Depuis, il y avait...que, voilá...que, ça faisait...que and the Imperfect Tense......Page 161
The Passé Composé of -er Verbs......Page 162
The Passé Composé of -ir Verbs......Page 163
Irregular Past Participles......Page 164
Agreement of the Past Participle with Verbs Conjugated with avoir......Page 168
The Passé Composé of Verbs Conjugated with Être......Page 170
Passer with être and avoir in the Passé Composé......Page 172
Agreement of the Past Participle with Reflexive Pronouns......Page 173
Past Action......Page 174
Differences between the Passé Composé and the Imperfect Tense......Page 175
The Passé Simple of -er Verbs......Page 182
Irregular Verbs Building the Passé Simple upon the Past Participle......Page 183
Irregular Verbs not Building the Passé Simple upon the Past Participle......Page 185
Aller with an Infinitive......Page 187
Regular Forms of the Future Tense......Page 188
Verbs Using the Third Person Singular Form of the Present Tense as the Future Stem......Page 189
Verbs with Irregular Future Stems......Page 190
Special Uses of the Future Tense......Page 191
Formation of the Present Conditional......Page 196
Uses of the Conditional......Page 197
Pluperfect Tense (Plus-que-parfait)......Page 200
Future Perfect Tense (Futur Antérieur)......Page 202
Past Conditional (Passé du Conditionnel)......Page 204
The Past Anterior (Passé Antérieur) and the Passé Surcomposé......Page 205
Si Clauses......Page 207
Regular Forms......Page 209
Verbs with Internal Vowel Changes in the Present Subjunctive......Page 211
Verbs with Irregular Bases in the Present Subjunctive......Page 213
Uses of the Subjunctive......Page 214
Avoiding the Subjunctive......Page 226
The Past Subjunctive......Page 227
The Imperfect Subjunctive......Page 229
Use of the Imperfect Subjunctive......Page 230
Use of the Pluperfect Subjunctive......Page 231
Sequence of Tenses in Indirect Discourse......Page 232
Indirect Discourse in Sentences with an Interrogative Word......Page 233
Inversion of the Subject in Indirect Discourse......Page 234
After Prepositions......Page 235
In an Exclamatory Phrase......Page 236
Faire in Causative Construction......Page 237
Laisser and Verbs of Perception plus the Infinitive......Page 240
The Use of the Prepositions à and de before an Infinitive......Page 241
True Passive with être......Page 244
The Passive Voice with se......Page 245
Forming Questions......Page 246
Interrogative Forms by Inversion—Simple Tenses......Page 247
Interrogative Forms by Inversion—Compound Tenses......Page 248
Interrogative Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions......Page 249
Interrogative Pronouns......Page 250
Interrogative Adjective Quel......Page 252
Interrogative Pronoun Lequel......Page 253
Negation of Simple Tenses......Page 256
Negation of Compound Tenses......Page 257
The Negative Interrogative......Page 258
Negation of the Infinitive......Page 259
Negative Words and Phrases......Page 260
Subject Pronouns......Page 266
Le, la, l’, les......Page 267
Me, te, nous, vous......Page 269
Lui, leur......Page 270
The Pronoun Y......Page 271
The Pronoun En......Page 272
Double Object Pronouns......Page 273
With Conjugated Verbs......Page 274
With an Infinitive......Page 275
With Infinitive Constructions: Causative faire (faire faire), laisser and Verbs of Perception......Page 276
With Affirmative Commands......Page 277
Reflexive Pronouns......Page 279
Disjunctive Pronouns......Page 280
Possessive Pronouns......Page 282
Demonstrative Pronouns......Page 284
Ce, ceci, cela (ça)......Page 285
Qui who, which, that......Page 286
Que whom, which, that......Page 287
Ce qui and ce que......Page 288
Relative Pronouns with Prepositions Other than de: Qui, lequel......Page 289
Relative Pronouns with the Preposition de: Dont, duquel......Page 290
Quoi, ce dont......Page 292
Indefinite Pronouns......Page 293
Expressions with Aller......Page 299
Expressions with Avoir......Page 300
Expressions with Être......Page 301
Expressions with Faire......Page 302
Devoir, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir......Page 303
Manquer, manquer à, manquer de......Page 306
Penser à, penser de......Page 307
Passer, se passer, se passer de......Page 308
Se rappeler, se souvenir de......Page 309
Savior versus connaître......Page 310
Venir de......Page 311
Answers to Exercises......Page 312
Verb Charts......Page 383
C......Page 393
F......Page 394
N......Page 395
P......Page 396
S......Page 397
Y......Page 398