Scandalogy 4: Political Scandals in the Age of Populism, Partisanship, and Polarization

Contents
Introduction
	0 Introduction
	References
Part I: Populism and Political Scandals
	The Power of Performance: Celebrity Populism, Fictional Populists, and Implications for Liberal Democracy
		1 Introduction
		2 Populism
		3 Celebrity Politics
		4 Celebrity Populism
		5 Populists and Scandalization
		6 Fictional Populists: The Cases of Ričard and Ljubisa Preletačević-Beli
		7 Celebrity Populism and Liberal Democracy: Threat or Corrective?
		8 Conclusion
		References
	Two Faces of Zoran Milanović: From Anti-Populist to Rhetorical Furious Populist
		1 Introduction Trends in Political Communication
		2 Strategic Communication and Self-Presentation
		3 A Case Study in Context: Four Phases of Zoran Milanović´s Political Image
		4 Empirical Analysis
		5 Results
			5.1 Strategic Communication of Zoran Milanović
				Channels and Tactics
				``Staying on-Message´´
			5.2 Media Reporting about Milanović´s Character
			5.3 Fourth Phase: Milanović´s Image during his Second Year in the Presidential Office
		6 Discussion and Conclusion
			6.1 The Strategy Worked!: Milanović Won!
			6.2 Angry Populism: Riding on Insults through the Second Year of the Presidency
		References
	But some Scandals Are more Scandalous than Others: A Dissent Management Analysis of Trump´s Unacceptable Access Hollywood Comm...
		1 New Right-Wing Populism Challenges Scandalogy
		2 Scandal, Public Outrage, and Reputational Risk
		3 Theoretical Framework: Dissent Management and Mechanisms
			3.1 Differentiated Situations of Dissent
			3.2 Scapegoat Mechanism and Unanimous Accusation
			3.3 Public Discourse Scandal: Toward a New Definition
		4 Access Hollywood Tapes Scandal: An ``October Surprise´´ for the Ages
			4.1 Events
			4.2 AHTS as Public Discourse Scandal
		5 Surviving the Scandal: Contextual Mechanisms and Strategic Responses
			5.1 Fostering Dissent Mechanisms
			5.2 Blocking Dissent Mechanisms
		6 Discussion and Final Considerations
		References
Part II: Outrage, Lionization, and Resistance in a Polarized Public
	Scandal and Lionization: When Corporations Speak on Socio-Political Issues in a Polarized World
		1 The New Environment for Corporations
		2 Polarization: Refining its Meaning
			2.1 Corporations and Polarizations
			2.2 Polarization and Corporate Scandalization
		3 Corporations Engaging Socio-Political Issues and Reactions
			3.1 Apple: A Crusader for LGBTQ+ Rights
			3.2 Disney: A Conformist for LGBTQ+ Rights
			3.3 Summary
		4 Discussion
		References
	Leave Olympia Alone: Reversing the Approach Toward the Parisian Salon Scandal of 1865
		1 Introduction
		2 Methods and Concepts
		3 Analysis and Critique
			3.1 Critique on Clark´s Analysis
			3.2 Critique on Bernheimer´s Analysis
			3.3 Other Readings
		4 Critique of Close Reading of Nudes
		5 Discussion: Sexist Violence
		6 Conclusion
		References
	Holding out for a Hero: The Rhetorical Battle over the National Garden of American Heroes in the United States
		1 Introduction
		2 Memory Scandals and Memorial Churn in the Time of Trump
		3 The Cold War Troll: Trump´s Case for the National Garden of American Heroes
		4 I Beg your Garden?: Answering Trump´s Advocacy
		5 Where Have all the Good Men Gone: Conclusions
		References
	The Many Deaths of Domitian: Scandal and Image Destruction in Imperial Rome
		1 Introduction
		2 Domitian´s Reign and Assassination
		3 Damnatio Memoriae
		4 Mutiny of the Praetorians
		5 Pliny´s Panegyricus as Character Assassination
		6 Celebrating Domitian
		7 Conclusion
		References
			Ancient Sources
			Modern Scholarship
Part III: Partisanship, Scandals, and Political Culture
	America´s First Sex Scandal: The Rhetorical Strategies in the Hamilton/Reynolds Affair
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Background: Image Repair Theory
		3 Political Culture and Pamphleteering in the United States Founding Era
		4 Alexander Hamilton´s Rhetorical Strategies in the Reynolds Pamphlet
			4.1 Hamilton´s Reynolds Pamphlet Strategies
			4.2 Attacking the Accuser
			4.3 Denial with Evidence
			4.4 Bolstering
		5 Implications
		References
	The Effects of Prototypicality on Punishment of in-Party Political Leaders´ Immoral Behavior
		1 Introduction
		2 Group Prototypicality and Transgression Credit
		3 Data and Methods
		4 Results
		5 Discussion
		References
	Forty Years of Political Scandals in Germany and Austria: Differences and Similarities
		1 Introduction: Not Everything Is a Scandal Everywhere all the Time
		2 Theoretical and Methodological Aspects: Comparing Political Scandals
			2.1 Institutional Politics and Political Culture
			2.2 The Functional Theory of Scandals
			2.3 Scandals as a Form of Political Socialization
			2.4 Media Culture, Political Culture, and Scandals
			2.5 Comparing Media Scandals: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects
			2.6 Research Questions
		3 Methodological Aspects of Scandal Research
			3.1 Case Selection and Sampling
			3.2 Computer-Assisted Content Analysis
		4 Findings
			4.1 Findings
		5 Limitations
		6 Implications for Further Research
			6.1 Interpretation and Theoretical Reflection
			6.2 Implications for Further Research
		References