Saturn and Melancholy: Studies in the History of Natural Philosophy, Religion, and Art

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Part I The Notion of Melancholy and Its Historical Development
	Chapter I Melancholy in the Physiological Literature of the Ancients
		1 The Doctrine of the Four Humours
		2 The Notion of Melancholy as Revolutionised by the Peripatetics: Problem XXX, 1
		3 The Development of the Notion of Melancholy after the Peripatetics
			(a) Melancholy as an Illness
				i The Stoic View
				ii Asclepiades, Archigenes and Soranus
				iii Rufus of Ephesus
			(b) Melancholy in the System of the Four Temperaments
	Chapter II Melancholy in Medieval Medicine, Science and Philosophy
		1 The Survival of the Aristotelian Notion of Melancholy in the Middle Ages
		2 Melancholy as an Illness
			(a) Melancholy in Theology and Moral Philosophy
			(b) Melancholy in Scholastic Medicine
				i Early Arabic Medicine and its Translation to the West: Constantinus Africanus
				ii Attempts at Systematisation on the Basis of Humoral Pathology: Avicenna’s Doctrine of the Four Form
				iii Attempts at Classification on a Psychological Basis: Averroes and Scholastic Medicine
		3 Melancholy in the System of the Four Temperaments
			(a) The Galenic Tradition, particularly among the Arabians and Constantinus Africanus
			(b) The Revival of Humoral Characterology in Western Natural Philosophy during the First Half of the Twelfth Century
			(c) The Popular Doctrine of Temperaments in the Later Middle Ages, and its Effects
Part II Saturn, Star of Melancholy
	Chapter I Saturn in the Literary Tradition
		1 The Notion of Saturn in Arabic Astrology
		2 Saturn in Ancient Literature
			(a) Kronos-Saturn as a Mythical Figure
			(b) Kronos-Saturn as a Planet
				i Kronos-Saturn in Ancient Astrophysics
				ii Kronos-Saturn in Ancient Astrology
				iii Kronos-Saturn in Neoplatonism
		3 Saturn in Medieval Literature
			(a) Saturn in the Controversies of the Church Fathers
			(b) Saturn in Later Medieval Speculation
				i Saturn in Moral Theology
				ii Saturn in Medieval Mythography
				iii Saturn in Medieval Astrology: Astrological Elements adopted by Scholastic Natural Philosophy
	Chapter II Saturn in the Pictorial Tradition
		1 Saturn in Ancient Art and the Survival of the Traditional Representation in Medieval Art
		2 Text-illustration and Oriental Influence
		3 The Picture of Saturn and his Children
		4 Saturn in Mythographical Illustrations of the Late Middle Ages
		5 Saturn in Humanism
Part III “Poetic Melancholy” and “Melancholia Generosa”
	Chapter I Poetic Melancholy in post-Medieval Poetry
		1 Melancholy as a Subjective Mood in Poetry
		2 “Dame Merencolye”
		3 Melancholy as Heightened Self-awareness
	Chapter II “Melancholia Generosa”
		The Glorification of Melancholy and Saturn in Florentine Neoplatonism and the Birth of the Modern Notion of Genius
		1 The Intellectual Background of the New Doctrine
		2 Marsilio Ficino
Part IV Dürer
	Chapter I Melancholy in Conrad Celtes
		Dürer’s Woodcut on the Title-page of Celtes’s “Quattuor Libri Amorum” The Doctrine of Temperaments in Dürer’s Writings
	Chapter II The Engraving “Melencolia I”
		1 The Historical Background of “Melencolia I”
			(a) Traditional Motifs
				i The Purse and the Keys
				ii The Motif of the Drooping Head
				iii The Clenched Fist and the Black Face
			(b) Traditional Images in the Composition of the Engraving
				i Illustrations of Disease
				ii Picture Cycles of the Four Temperaments. I: Descriptive Single Figures (the Four Temperaments and the Four Ages of Man) – II: Dramatic Groups: Temperaments and Vices
				iii Portraits of the Liberal Arts
		2 The New Meaning of “Melencolia I”
			(a) The New Form of Expression
			(b) The New Notional Content
				i Symbols of Saturn or Melancholy
				ii Geometrical Symbols
				iii Symbols of Saturn or of Melancholy combined with Geometrical Symbols: in Relation to Mythology and Astrology—in Relation to Epistemology and Psychology
				iv Art and Practice
			(c) The Significance of “Melencolia I”
			(d) The “Four Apostles”
	Chapter III The Artistic Legacy of “Melencolia I”
		1 Portraits of Melancholy as a Single Female Figure in the Manner of Dürer
		2 Typical Portraits of Melancholy in Late Medieval Almanacs
		3 Melancholy in Portraits of Saturn or of his Children
Appendices
	I The Polyhedron in “Melencolia I”
	II The Meaning of the Engraving B70
	III Lucas Cranach’s Depictions of Melancholy (1990)
Additions to the Notes from the 1990 German Edition, with Supplemental Translations of Quotations
Supplemental Bibliography for the German Edition (1990)
Addendum on the Text History of [Ps-] Aristotle, Problem XXX, 1
Afterword: The Long and Complex History of a Warburgian Publication Project
Index of Manuscripts
Index (1964)
Illustrations