SAS Essentials: Mastering SAS for Data Analytics

COVER
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS’ WEBSITE
PART I DATA MANIPULATION AND THE SAS® PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
	CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED
		1.1 USING SAS IN A WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT
			1.1.1 Creating a Folder for Storing Your SAS Files
			1.1.2 Beginning the SAS Program
			1.1.3 Understanding the SAS Windows Interface
		1.2 YOUR FIRST SAS ANALYSIS
		1.3 HOW SAS WORKS
		1.4 TIPS AND TRICKS FOR RUNNING SAS PROGRAMS
			1.4.1 Using the SAS Enhanced Editor
			1.4.2 Using SAS Function Keys
			1.4.3 Using the SAS Menus
			1.4.4 Understanding Common File Extensions
			1.4.5 Getting SAS Help
		1.5 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 2 GETTING DATA INTO SAS®
		2.1 USING SAS DATASETS
		2.2 UNDERSTANDING SAS DATASET STRUCTURE
		2.3 RULES FOR SAS VARIABLE NAMES
		2.4 UNDERSTANDING SAS VARIABLE TYPES
		2.5 METHODS OF READING DATA INTO SAS
			2.5.1 Reading Data Using Freeform List Input
			2.5.2 Reading Data Using the Compact Method
			2.5.3 Reading Data Using Column Input
			2.5.4 Reading Data Using Formatted Input
			2.5.5 Using FORMATs for Output
			2.5.6 Using the SAS INFORMAT Statement
			2.5.7 Reading External Data Using INFILE
		2.6 GOING DEEPER: MORE TECHNIQUES FOR ENTERING DATA
			2.6.1 Reading Multiple Records per Observation
			2.6.2 Using Advanced INFILE Statement Options
		2.7 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 3 READING, WRITING, AND IMPORTING DATA
		3.1 WORKING WITH SAS LIBRARIES AND PERMANENT DATASETS
		3.2 CREATING PERMANENT SAS DATASETS USING THE WINDOWS FILE NAME TECHNIQUE
		3.3 CREATING PERMANENT SAS DATASETS USING A SAS LIBRARY
		3.4 CREATING A SAS LIBRARY USING A DIALOG BOX
		3.5 CREATING A SAS LIBRARY USING CODE
		3.6 USING DATA IN PERMANENT SAS DATASETS
		3.7 IMPORTING DATA FROM ANOTHER PROGRAM
			3.7.1 Importing Data Using the SAS Import Wizard
			3.7.2 Importing Data Using SAS Code
			3.7.3 Exporting Data Using SAS Code
		3.8 DISCOVERING THE CONTENTS OF A SAS DATASET
		3.9 GOING DEEPER: UNDERSTANDING HOW THE DATA STEP READS AND STORES DATA
		3.10 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 4 PREPARING DATA FOR ANALYSIS
		4.1 LABELING VARIABLES WITH EXPLANATORY NAMES
		4.2 CREATING NEW VARIABLES
			4.2.1 Creating Numeric Variables in the DATA Step
			4.2.2 Creating New Variables as Constant Values
		4.3 USING IF-THEN-ELSE CONDITIONAL STATEMENT ASSIGNMENTS
			4.3.1 Using IF-THEN to Assign Missing Values
			4.3.2 Using IF and IF-THEN To Subset Datasets
			4.3.3 Using IF-THEN and DO for Program Control
			4.3.4 Using @ and IF to Conditionally Read Lines in a Dataset
		4.4 USING DROP AND KEEP TO SELECT VARIABLES
		4.5 USING THE SET STATEMENT TO READ AN EXISTING DATASET
		4.6 USING PROC SORT
		4.7 APPENDING AND MERGING DATASETS
			4.7.1 Appending Two Datasets
			4.7.2 Merging Datasets by a Key Identifier
			4.7.3 Few-to-Many Merge
		4.8 USING PROC FORMAT
			4.8.1 Creating Permanent Formats
		4.9 GOING DEEPER: FINDING FIRST AND LAST VALUES
		4.10 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 5 PREPARING TO USE SAS® PROCEDURES
		5.1 UNDERSTANDING SAS SUPPORT STATEMENTS
			5.1.1 Using TITLE and FOOTNOTE Statements
			5.1.2 Including Comments in Your SAS Code
			5.1.3 Using RUN and QUIT Statements
		5.2 UNDERSTANDING PROC STATEMENT SYNTAX
			5.2.1 Using the VAR Statement in a SAS Procedure
			5.2.2 Using the BY Statement in a SAS Procedure
		5.3 USING THE ID STATEMENT IN A SAS PROCEDURE
		5.4 USING THE LABEL STATEMENT IN A SAS PROCEDURE
		5.5 USING THE WHERE STATEMENT IN A SAS PROCEDURE
		5.6 USING PROC PRINT
		5.7 GOING DEEPER: SPLITTING COLUMN TITLES IN PROC PRINT
		5.8 GOING DEEPER: COMMON SYSTEM OPTIONS
		5.9 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 6 PREPARING DATA FOR ANALYSIS
		6.1 USING SAS FUNCTIONS
		6.2 USING PROC TRANSPOSE
			6.2.1 Using TRANSPOSE to Deal with Multiple Records per Subject
		6.3 THE SELECT STATEMENT
		6.4 GOING DEEPER: CLEANING A MESSY DATASET
			6.4.1 Fix Labels, Rename Variables
			6.4.2 Fix Case Problems, Allowed Categories, and Delete Unneeded Lines
			6.4.3 Check and Fix Incorrect Categories, Fix Duplicated Variables
			6.4.4 Check and Fix Out-of-Range Numeric Variables
			6.4.5 Correct Date and Time Values
			6.4.6 Looking for Duplicate Records
			6.4.7 Cleaning a Dataset: Summary
		6.5 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 7 SAS® ADVANCED PROGRAMMING TOPICS PART 2
		7.1 USING SAS ARRAYS
			7.1.1 Referring to Values in an Array
		7.2 USING DO LOOPS
			7.2.1 Quick Notes for Using SAS Arrays
		7.3 USING THE RETAIN STATEMENT
		7.4 USING SAS MACROS
			7.4.1 Creating and Using SAS Macro Variables
			7.4.2 Combining Macro Variables
			7.4.3 Creating Callable Macro Routines
			7.4.4 Using a Macro with No Parameters
			7.4.5 Including SAS Macro Code
			7.4.6 Using The SAS Macro %DO Loop
			7.4.7 Using CALL SYMPUT to Create a Macro Variable
		7.5 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 8 CONTROLLING OUTPUT USING ODS
		8.1 SPECIFYING THE ODS OUTPUT FORMAT AND DESTINATION
		8.2 SPECIFYING ODS OUTPUT STYLE
		8.3 USING ODS TO SELECT SPECIFIC OUTPUT TABLES FOR SAS PROCEDURES
		8.4 GOING DEEPER: CAPTURING INFORMATION FROM ODS TABLES
			8.4.1 Using ODS Graphics from SAS Procedures
		8.5 GOING DEEPER: USING “TRAFFIC LIGHTING” TO HIGHLIGHT SELECTED VALUES
		8.6 CREATING A POWERPOINT SLIDE USING GMAPS
		8.7 EXTENDED ODS FEATURES
		8.8 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO PROC SQL
		9.1 WHAT IS SQL, AND HOW DOES IT FIT IN SAS?
			9.1.1 How Is SQL Useful in SAS?
			9.1.2 SQL Nomenclature
			9.1.3 The Structure of a SQL Statement
		9.2 USING THE SELECT STATEMENT: VARIABLE SELECTION IN A PROC SQL STATEMENT
		9.3 USING THE FROM STATEMENT IN PROC SQL
		9.4 CREATING SAS DATASETS
		9.5 USING A WHERE CLAUSE
		9.6 USING A GROUP BY CLAUSE IN PROC SQL
		9.7 USING A HAVING CLAUSE
		9.8 USING AN ORDER BY CLAUSE
		9.9 GOING DEEPER: DOING CALCULATIONS USING CALCULATED VARIABLES
		9.10 GOING DEEPER: UNIONS AND JOINS
			9.10.1 Using SQL UNIONS
			9.10.2 Using SQL JOINS
		9.11 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
PART II STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USING SAS PROCEDURES
	CHAPTER 10 EVALUATING QUANTITATIVE DATA
		10.1 USING PROC MEANS
			10.1.1 PROC MEANS Statement Syntax and Options
			10.1.2 Commonly Used Statements for PROC MEANS
			10.1.3 Using PROC MEANS with BY Group and CLASS Statements
			10.1.4 Output Statistics from PROC MEANS
		10.2 USING PROC UNIVARIATE
			10.2.1 Understanding PROC UNIVARIATE Output
			10.2.2 Using PROC UNIVARIATE to Assess the Normality of the Data
			10.2.3 Creating a Histogram Using PROC UNIVARIATE
		10.3 GOING DEEPER: ADVANCED PROC UNIVARIATE OPTIONS
		10.4 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCE
	CHAPTER 11 ANALYZING COUNTS AND TABLES
		11.1 USING PROC FREQ
			11.1.1 The TABLES Statement
		11.2 ANALYZING ONE-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES
		11.3 CREATING ONE-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES FROM SUMMARIZED DATA
			11.3.1 Testing Goodness of Fit in a One-Way Table
		11.4 ANALYZING TWO-WAY TABLES
			11.4.1 Creating a Contingency Table from Raw Data, the 2 × 2 Case
			11.4.2 Tables with Small Counts in Cells
		11.5 GOING DEEPER: CALCULATING RELATIVE RISK MEASURES
		11.6 GOING DEEPER: INTER-RATER RELIABILITY (KAPPA)
			11.6.1 Calculating Weighted Kappa
		11.7 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 12 COMPARING MEANS USING T-TESTS
		12.1 PERFORMING A ONE-SAMPLE t-TEST
			12.1.1 Running the One-Sample t-Test in SAS®
		12.2 PERFORMING A TWO-SAMPLE t-TEST
			12.2.1 Running the Two-Sample t-Test in SAS
			12.2.2 Using PROC BOXPLOT
		12.3 PERFORMING A PAIRED t-TEST
		12.4 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCE
	CHAPTER 13 CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
		13.1 CORRELATION ANALYSIS USING PROC CORR
			13.1.1 Correlation Analysis Basics
			13.1.2 Using SAS PROC CORR for Correlation Analysis
			13.1.3 Producing a Matrix of Scatterplots
			13.1.4 Calculating Correlations Using the WITH Statement
		13.2 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
			13.2.1 The Simple Linear Regression Model
			13.2.2 Using PROC REG for Simple Linear Regression
		13.3 MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION USING PROC REG
			13.3.1 Using SAS PROC REG for Multiple Linear Regression
			13.3.2 Automated Model Selection
		13.4 GOING DEEPER: CALCULATING PREDICTIONS
		13.5 GOING DEEPER: RESIDUAL ANALYSIS
		13.6 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
	CHAPTER 14 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
		14.1 COMPARING THREE OR MORE MEANS USING ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
			14.1.1 Using the MEANS or LSMEANS Statement
		14.2 COMPARING THREE OR MORE REPEATED MEASURES
		14.3 GOING DEEPER: CONTRASTS
		14.4 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCE
	CHAPTER 15 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE, PART II
		15.1 ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE
			15.1.1 Two-Factor ANOVA Using PROC GLM
			15.1.2 Understanding Fixed and Random Factors
		15.2 GOING DEEPER: TWO-FACTOR ANOVA USING PROC MIXED
		15.3 GOING DEEPER: REPEATED MEASURES WITH A GROUPING FACTOR
		15.4 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 16 NONPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
		16.1 Comparing Two Independent Samples Using Npar1way
		16.2 Comparing K Independent Samples (Kruskal–Wallis)
		16.3 Comparing Two Dependent (Paired) Samples
		16.4 COMPARING K-DEPENDENT SAMPLES (FRIEDMAN’S TEST)
		16.5 Going Deeper: Nonparametric Multiple Comparisons
		16.6 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 17 LOGISTIC REGRESSION
		17.1 LOGISTIC ANALYSIS BASICS
			17.1.1 The Logistic Regression Model
			17.1.2 Understanding Odds and Odds Ratios
		17.2 PERFORMING A LOGISTIC ANALYSIS USING PROC LOGISTIC
		17.3 USING SIMPLE LOGISTIC ANALYSIS
			17.3.1 Graphing Simple Logistic Results
		17.4 MULTIPLE BINARY LOGISTIC ANALYSIS
			17.4.1 Selecting Variables for Multiple Logistic Analysis
		17.5 GOING DEEPER: ASSESSING A MODEL’S FIT AND PREDICTIVE ABILITY
		17.6 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 18 FACTOR ANALYSIS
		18.1 FACTOR ANALYSIS BASICS
			18.1.1 Using PROC Factor
		18.2 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 19 CREATING CUSTOM GRAPHS
		19.1 CREATING SCATTERPLOTS AND LINE GRAPHS USING GPLOT
			19.1.1 Creating a Simple Scatterplot
			19.1.2 Managing Your SAS Graph
			19.1.3 Enhancing a GPLOT Using the SYMBOL Statement
			19.1.4 Customizing Axes in a Plot
			19.1.5 Displaying Error Bars in GPLOT
		19.2 CREATING BAR CHARTS AND PIE CHARTS
		19.3 DEFINING GRAPH PATTERNS
		19.4 CREATING STACKED BAR CHARTS
		19.5 CREATING MEAN BARS USING GCHART
		19.6 CREATING BOXPLOTS
			19.6.1 Creating a Simple Boxplot
		19.7 GOING DEEPER: CREATING AN INTERACTIVE BAR USING ODS
		19.8 GOING DEEPER: SGPLOTS
		19.9 OTHER WAYS TO CUSTOMIZE PLOTS
		19.10 SUMMARY
		EXERCISES
		REFERENCE
	CHAPTER 20 CREATING CUSTOM REPORTS
		20.1 USING PROC TABULATE
		20.2 USING PROC REPORT
			20.2.1 Writing Reports in a Data Statement
		EXERCISES
APPENDIX A OPTIONS REFERENCE
	A.1 USING SAS FONTS
	A.2 SPECIFYING SAS COLOR CHOICES
	A.3 SPECIFYING PATTERNS FOR PROCS GPLOT AND PROC UNIVARIATE
	A.4 BAR AND BLOCK PATTERNS FOR BAR CHARTS, PIE CHARTS, AND OTHER GRAPHICS
	A.5 SAS LINE STYLES
	A.6 USING SAS PLOTTING SYMBOLS
	A.7 USING ODS STYLE ATTRIBUTES
	A.8 COMMON (INPUT) INFORMATS
	A.9 COMMON (OUTPUT) FORMATS
APPENDIX B SAS® FUNCTION REFERENCE
	B.1 USING SAS FUNCTIONS
	B.2 ARITHMETIC/MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
	B.3 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
	B.4 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
	B.5 CHARACTER FUNCTIONS
	B.6 TRUNCATION FUNCTIONS
	B.7 FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS
	B.8 SPECIAL USE FUNCTIONS
	B.9 QUICK GUIDE TO SAS FUNCTIONS
APPENDIX C CHOOSING A SAS® PROCEDURE
	C.1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
	C.2. COMPARISON TESTS
	C.3. RELATIONAL ANALYSES (CORRELATION AND REGRESSION)
APPENDIX D SAS CODE EXAMPLES
APPENDIX E USING SAS® OnDemand for Academics WITH SAS ESSENTIALS
	E.1 INSTALLING SAS OnDemand for Analytics
	E.2 LIMITATIONS
	E.3 SUMMARY
APPENDIX F SAS® Example BASE Exam Questions
	Answers to BASE Exam Sample Test
Index
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