SAS Certification Prep Guide. Base Programming for SAS9 [5th ed.]

Contents......Page 3
How to prepare for the SAS Base Programming for SAS9 Exam......Page 6
Accessibility Features of the SAS  Certification Prep Guide......Page 9
Setting up Practice Data......Page 10
Basic Concepts......Page 12
DATA Step......Page 13
SAS Program Structure......Page 14
Processing SAS Programs......Page 15
Results of Processing......Page 16
Definition......Page 18
How SAS Files Are Stored......Page 19
Referencing Permanent SAS Data Sets......Page 20
Rules for SAS Names......Page 21
VALIDVARNAME=System Option......Page 22
VALIDMEMNAME=System Option......Page 24
Descriptor Portion......Page 25
SAS Variable Attributes......Page 26
Data Portion......Page 28
Extended Attributes......Page 29
Chapter Quiz......Page 30
Assigning Librefs......Page 33
Referencing Third-Party Data......Page 35
Viewing Libraries Using PROC CONTENTS......Page 36
Example: View Descriptor Information......Page 37
Chapter Quiz......Page 39
Creating SAS Data Sets......Page 41
Referencing a Fully Qualified Filename......Page 42
PROC IMPORT Syntax......Page 43
Example: Importing an Excel File with an XLSX Extension......Page 45
Example: Importing a Delimited File with a TXT Extension......Page 46
Example: Importing a Space-Delimited File with a TXT Extension......Page 47
Example: Importing a Comma-Delimited File with a CSV Extension......Page 48
Example: Importing a Tab-Delimited File......Page 49
Checking DATA Step Processing......Page 50
Printing the Data Set......Page 51
Specifying the Imported Data with the SET Statement......Page 52
Example: Reading a SAS Data Set......Page 53
Specifying DROP= and KEEP= Data Set Options......Page 54
Steps for Reading Excel Data......Page 55
The LIBNAME Statement......Page 56
Referencing an Excel Workbook......Page 57
Referencing an Excel Workbook in a DATA Step......Page 59
Printing an Excel Worksheet as a SAS Data Set......Page 60
Creating Excel Worksheets......Page 61
Writing Observations Explicitly......Page 62
Chapter Quiz......Page 63
Syntax Errors......Page 67
Example: Syntax Error Messages......Page 68
Resubmitting a Revised Program......Page 69
The Basics of Logic Errors......Page 71
PUT Statement......Page 73
Missing RUN Statement......Page 75
Missing Semicolon......Page 76
Correcting the Error in the Windows Operating Environment......Page 77
Correcting the Error in the z/OS Operating Environment......Page 78
Correcting the Error: Invalid Option......Page 79
Chapter Quiz......Page 80
Creating Reports......Page 83
Creating a Basic Report......Page 84
The VAR Statement......Page 85
Using the ID Statement in PROC PRINT......Page 86
Example: ID and VAR Statement......Page 87
Selecting Observations......Page 88
Specifying WHERE Expressions......Page 89
Examples of WHERE Statements......Page 90
Examples: FIRSTOBS= and OBS= Options......Page 91
Example: FIRSTOBS= and OBS= as Data Set Options......Page 93
Example: PROC SORT......Page 94
The SUM Statement......Page 96
Creating Subtotals for Variable Groups......Page 97
Example: SUM Statement......Page 98
Example: ID, BY, and SUM Statements......Page 99
Creating Subtotals on Separate Pages......Page 100
Example: PAGEBY Statement......Page 101
Example: Creating Titles......Page 103
Example: Creating Footnotes......Page 104
Modifying and Canceling Titles and Footnotes......Page 105
Temporarily Assigning Labels to Variables......Page 108
Example: Using Multiple LABEL Statements......Page 109
Using Permanently Assigned Labels......Page 110
Chapter Quiz......Page 111
How SAS Processes Programs......Page 116
Data Set Variables......Page 119
Descriptor Portion of the SAS Data Set......Page 120
Sequentially Process Statements......Page 122
End of the DATA Step......Page 123
Iterations of the DATA Step......Page 124
End of the Execution Phase......Page 126
Diagnosing Errors in the Compilation Phase......Page 127
Debugging Data Errors......Page 128
Using an Assignment Statement to Clean Invalid Data......Page 130
Example: Viewing Execution in the SAS Log......Page 132
Chapter Quiz......Page 133
Definitions......Page 136
Example: Sorting Observations for BY-Group Processing......Page 137
How the DATA Step Identifies BY Groups......Page 138
Example: Grouping Observations Using One BY Variable......Page 139
Example: Grouping Observations Using Multiple BY Variables......Page 141
Chapter Quiz......Page 144
Creating & Managing Variables......Page 147
Using Operators in SAS Expressions......Page 148
Examples: Assign Variables......Page 150
Date Constants......Page 151
Selected Useful Statements......Page 152
Example: Accumulating Totals......Page 153
Initializing Sum Variables......Page 154
Avoiding Truncated Variable Values......Page 155
Example: LENGTH Statement......Page 156
Example: Subsetting IF Statement......Page 157
Example: IF-THEN Statement......Page 158
Examples: Logical Operators......Page 159
Providing an Alternative Action......Page 0
Example: IF-THEN and DELETE Statements......Page 161
Example: DROP Data Set Option......Page 162
Example: Using the DROP Statement......Page 163
Chapter Quiz......Page 164
Combining SAS Data Sets......Page 168
Looking at Sources of Common Problems......Page 169
Methods of Combining SAS Data Sets: The Basics......Page 170
How One-to-One Reading Selects Data......Page 171
How One-to-One Reading Works......Page 172
Example: Using One-to-One Reading to Combine Data Sets......Page 174
How Concatenating Selects Data......Page 175
Match-Merging Syntax......Page 176
How Match-Merging Selects Data......Page 177
Example: Using Match-Merging to Combine Data Sets......Page 178
Example: Merge in Descending Order......Page 179
The Basics of Match-Merge Processing......Page 180
The Execution Phase: Match-Merging Observations......Page 181
Handling Unmatched Observations and Missing Values......Page 183
The Basics of Renaming Variables......Page 186
Example: Renaming Variables......Page 187
Identifying Observation in Both Data Sets......Page 188
Selecting Matching Observations......Page 189
Chapter Quiz......Page 190
The Basics of Using Grouping Statements and DO Groups......Page 198
Example: DO and END Statements......Page 199
DO Statement, Iterative Syntax......Page 200
Example: Processing Iterative DO Loops......Page 201
DO Loop Execution......Page 203
Decrementing DO Loops......Page 204
Specifying a Series of Items......Page 205
Examples: Nesting DO Loops......Page 206
Iteratively Processing Observations from a Data Set......Page 208
Using the DO UNTIL Statement......Page 209
Using the DO WHILE Statement......Page 210
Chapter Quiz......Page 211
Temporarily Assigning Formats to Variables......Page 215
Field Widths......Page 217
Examples: Data Values and Formats......Page 218
A Word about PROC FORMAT......Page 219
Permanently Storing Your Formats......Page 220
The VALUE Statement......Page 221
Specifying Value Ranges......Page 222
How SAS Finds Format Catalogs......Page 223
Assigning  Formats to Variables......Page 224
Displaying User-Defined Formats......Page 225
Chapter Quiz......Page 228
Definitions......Page 231
Example: Date and Time Values......Page 232
The MMDDYYw. Informat......Page 233
Example: Reading Dates with Formats and Informats......Page 234
The DATEw. Informat......Page 235
The DATETIMEw. Informat......Page 236
Example: Using Dates and Times in Calculations......Page 237
The WEEKDATEw. Format......Page 238
The WORDDATEw. Format......Page 239
Chapter Quiz......Page 241
Functions to manipulate Data......Page 243
SAS Functions Categories......Page 244
Arguments and Variable Lists......Page 245
Potential Problems of Omitting INPUT or PUT......Page 246
When Automatic Conversion Occurs......Page 247
Restriction for WHERE Expressions......Page 248
Explicit Character-to-Numeric Conversion......Page 249
Explicit Numeric-to-Character Conversion......Page 251
SAS Date Functions......Page 253
YEAR, QTR, MONTH, and DAY Functions......Page 254
WEEKDAY Function......Page 256
MDY Function......Page 258
DATE and TODAY Functions......Page 261
INTCK Function......Page 262
INTNX Function......Page 264
DATDIF and YRDIF Functions......Page 265
SCAN Function......Page 267
SUBSTR Function......Page 270
SCAN versus SUBSTR Functions......Page 275
LEFT and RIGHT Functions......Page 276
TRIM Function......Page 277
CATX Function......Page 278
INDEX Function......Page 279
FIND Function......Page 281
UPCASE Function......Page 283
PROPCASE Function......Page 284
TRANWRD Function......Page 285
COMPRESS Function......Page 287
CEIL and FLOOR Functions......Page 291
INT Function......Page 292
ROUND Function......Page 293
Nesting SAS Functions......Page 294
Chapter Quiz......Page 295
What Does the MEANS Procedure Do?......Page 298
Example: Default PROC MEANS Output......Page 299
Specifying Descriptive Statistics Keywords......Page 300
Example: Specifying Statistic Keywords......Page 302
Limiting Decimal Places with MAXDEC= Option......Page 303
Group Processing Using the CLASS Statement......Page 304
Group Processing Using the BY Statement......Page 305
Creating a Summarized Data Set Using the OUTPUT Statement......Page 307
What Does the FREQ Procedure Do?......Page 308
 FREQ Procedure Syntax......Page 309
Example: Creating a One-Way Frequency Table (Default)......Page 311
Example: Creating a One-Way Table for One Variable......Page 313
Example: Determining the Report Layout......Page 314
Create Two-Way and N-Way
Tables......Page 315
Examples: Creating N-Way Tables......Page 316
Creating Tables Using the LIST Option......Page 317
Example: Using the CROSSLIST Option......Page 318
Suppressing Table Information......Page 320
Example: Suppressing Percentages......Page 321
Chapter Quiz......Page 322
Creating Output......Page 326
Opening and Closing ODS Destinations......Page 327
Using Statements to Open and Close ODS Destinations......Page 328
The ODS HTML Statement......Page 329
Example: Creating Output with PROC PRINT......Page 330
Creating HTML Output with a Table of Contents......Page 331
Using Options to Specify Links and Paths......Page 334
Changing the Appearance of HTML Output......Page 337
The ODS PDF Statement......Page 338
Working with the Table of Contents......Page 339
Example: Creating PDF Output Using the FILE= Option......Page 340
Example: Creating a Printable Table of Contents......Page 341
Changing the Appearance of PDF Output......Page 342
The ODS RTF Statement......Page 343
ODS RTF and Graphics......Page 344
The ODS EXCEL Statement......Page 345
Example: Customizing Your Excel Output......Page 346
Chapter Quiz......Page 347
Chapter 2: Basic Concepts......Page 350
Chapter 3: Accessing Your Data......Page 351
Chapter 4: Creating SAS Data Sets......Page 352
Chapter 5: Identifying and Correcting SAS Language Errors......Page 353
Chapter 6: Creating Reports......Page 354
Chapter 7: Understanding DATA Step Processing......Page 356
Chapter 9: Creating and Managing Variables......Page 357
Chapter 10: Combining SAS Data Sets......Page 359
Chapter 11: Processing Data with DO Loops......Page 360
Chapter 12: SAS Formats and Informats......Page 361
Chapter 13: SAS Date, Time, and Datetime Values......Page 362
Chapter 15: Producing Descriptive Statistics......Page 363
Chapter 16: Creating Output......Page 364
Index......Page 366