Sarcopenia-Molecular, Cellular, and Nutritional Aspects

I. Basics of Sarcopenia: Definition and challenges of Sarcopenia Research. Definitions of Sarcopenia. II. New Data on Sarcopenia. Models of Accelerated Sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in Physical Frailty. III. Molecular and cellular Aspects of Sarcopenia. The Role of Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia. Nutrient Sensing and mTORC1 Regulation in Sarcopenia. Different Adaptation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome and Lysosome-Autophagy Signaling in Sarcopenic Muscle. Myokines in Aging Muscle. The Contribution of Satellite Cells to Skeletal Muscle Aging. Muscle Stem Cell Microenvironment in Sarcopenia. Sarcopenia and Oxidative Stress: From the Bench to Therapeutic Strategies. IV. Alterations in Muscle Protein turnover in the Aging Process. Muscle Protein Turnover and Sarcopenia in the Elderly: The Effects of Nutrition. The Relationship between Muscle Mitochondrial Turnover and Sarcopenia. Skeletal Muscle Fat Infiltration with Aging: An Important Factor of Sarcopenia. V. Recent Advances Limiting Sarcopenia and Supporting Healthy Aging. Nutritional Modulation of Mitochondria-Associated Death Signaling in Sarcopenia. Beneficial Effects and Limitations of Strategies (Nutritional or Other) to Limit Muscle Wasting due to Normal Aging. VI. Applications. Part 1: Muscle Impairments or Diseases Due to the Frailty Induced by Sarcopenia.Declines in Whole Muscle Function with Aging: The Role of Age-Related Alterations in Contractile Properties of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers. Sarcopenic Dysphagia, Presbyphagia, and Rehabilitation Nutrition. Part 2: Complications Due to Sarcopenia in Acute or Chronic Diseases.Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Sarcopenia and Parkinson’s Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management. Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly. Sum Up and Future Research.