Sandy Soils

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Part I: Distribution and Assessment
	Chapter 1: Sandy Soils of the World: Taxonomy, Geography, and Soil Conditions
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 What Is a Sandy Soil?
		1.3 Taxonomic Names for Sandy Soils
		1.4 Key Properties of Many Sandy Soils
		1.5 World Distribution of Sandy Soils
		1.6 Geography of Sandy Soils
		1.7 Sandy Soils for World Food Production
		1.8 Amelioration and Protection of Sandy Soils
		1.9 Socioeconomic Issues with Sandy Soils
		1.10 Final Thoughts
		References
	Chapter 2: Origin and Properties of Deep Sands of Southeastern Cambodia: Some Preliminary Findings
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Materials and Methods
			2.2.1 Sample Collection and Profile Description
			2.2.2 Soil Analysis
		2.3 Results and Discussion
			2.3.1 Origin of Sand
				2.3.1.1 Geology and Parent Material
				2.3.1.2 Colluviation
				2.3.1.3 Coastal Influences
			2.3.2 Regional Context
		2.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: Sandy Soils in the United States: Properties and Use
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Definition
		3.3 Distribution
		3.4 Properties
		3.5 Interpretation of Sandy Soils
		3.6 Ecologic Considerations
		3.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Molic and Umbric Horizons of Alluvial Sandy Soils of River Valleys in SW Poland
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Investigated Area and Methods
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Discussion
		4.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: Properties and Mid-infrared Spectral Signatures of Sandy Soils in Ghana
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Materials and Methods
			5.2.1 Existing Soil Data
			5.2.2 Soil Profile Observation and Classification
			5.2.3 Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis
			5.2.4 Mid-infrared (MIR) Spectra Acquisition
			5.2.5 Data Analysis
		5.3 Results
		5.4 Discussion
		5.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Spectroscopy Supported Definition and Classification of Sandy Soils in Hungary
		6.1 Introduction and Objectives
		6.2 Materials and Methods
			6.2.1 The Diagnostics-Based Hungarian Soil Classification System
			6.2.2 Laboratory Soil Data
			6.2.3 Applied Spectral Data
			6.2.4 Processing of Legacy Laboratory Data
			6.2.5 Processing of Spectral Data
		6.3 Results and Discussion
		6.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 7: Proximal Sensing in Soil Water Repellency Management: A Review
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Soil Properties Related to SWR
			7.2.1 Organic Matter
			7.2.2 Soil Surface Area
			7.2.3 Spatial and Temporal Variability of SWR
		7.3 Role of Proximal Soil Sensors and Soil Information
			7.3.1 ????-Ray Spectrometry
			7.3.2 Visible, Near and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy
			7.3.3 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
			7.3.4 Soil Moisture Sensors
		7.4 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8: Comparing Sand Content Measurements by the Pipette, Hydrometer, and Vis-NIR and MIR Spectroscopy
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Materials and Methods
			8.2.1 Study Area and Sampling
			8.2.2 Pipette and Hydrometer
			8.2.3 Visible-Near Infrared (Vis-NIR)
			8.2.4 Mid-Infrared (MIR)
			8.2.5 Data Analysis
		8.3 Results
		8.4 Discussion
		8.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: Aeolian Desertification Monitoring in the Sandy Areas of Northern China
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Materials and Methods
			9.2.1 Study Area
			9.2.2 Data and Methods
				9.2.2.1 Multispectral Remote Sensing Data and Interpretation
				9.2.2.2 Field Investigation
		9.3 Results
			9.3.1 Spatial Distribution of ADL in the Typical Areas
			9.3.2 Change Features of ADL in the Five Typical Areas from 1975 to 2020
		9.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 10: Some Characteristics of Sandy Plaggen Soils
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Soil Classification
		10.3 Spatial Extent
		10.4 Soil Properties
		10.5 Conclusions
		References
Part II: Soil Carbon and Soil Health
	Chapter 11: Enhanced Weathering to Enhance Carbon Sequestration in Sandy Soils
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 The Enhanced Weathering Pathway
		11.3 Use of Enhanced Weathering Materials as Agricultural Amendments in Sandy Soils
		11.4 Carbon Balance
		11.5 Future Research
		References
	Chapter 12: Soil Carbon in Sandy Soils Under Forest and Agriculture in Wisconsin, USA
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Materials and Methods
			12.2.1 Site Description
			12.2.2 Soil Sampling
			12.2.3 Soil Analysis
			12.2.4 Temporal Changes
			12.2.5 Statistical Analysis
		12.3 Results and Discussion
			12.3.1 Effects of Land Use on Soil Properties
				12.3.1.1 SOC, Texture, and pH
				12.3.1.2 Mineralogy
			12.3.2 Spatial Trends
			12.3.3 Temporal Changes in SOC
				12.3.3.1 Afforestation
		12.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 13: Fallow Band System for Improving Crop Production on Sandy Soils in the Sahel
		13.1 Introduction
			13.1.1 The Fallow Band System
		13.2 Verification of the Yield-Increasing Effect of the Fallow Band System
			13.2.1 The Experiments
		13.3 Simulation of the Yield-Increasing Effect of the Fallow Band System
		13.4 Dissemination Potential of the Fallow Band System
		References
	Chapter 14: A Simple Way to Illustrate Health of Soils in Sandy Golf Course Greens
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Materials and Methods
		14.3 Results
		14.4 Discussion
		References
	Chapter 15: Agricultural Use of Sandy Soils in Brazilian Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna)
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Sandy Soils’ Classification and Spatial Distribution in Brazil
		15.3 Sandy Soil-Use Limitations in Brazil
		15.4 Potential Sandy Soil Use and Management in Brazil
		References
	Chapter 16: Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release Dynamics in a Sandy Tropical Paleudults of the Enugu Area, Southeast Nigeria
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Materials and Methods
			16.2.1 Leaf Litter Selection and Collection
			16.2.2 Litter Decomposition Experiment
		16.3 Results and Discussion
			16.3.1 Physicochemical Properties of the Site
			16.3.2 Litter Dry Mass Remaining (LDMR)
			16.3.3 Decay Constant
			16.3.4 Changes in pH (H2O) Values of the Different Leaf Litters After Decomposition for 90 Days
			16.3.5 Organic Carbon Content of the Leaf Litter After Decomposition of the Leaf Litter
			16.3.6 Total Nitrogen Content of the Leaf Litter After Decomposition
			16.3.7 Available Phosphorus Content of the Leaf Litter After Decomposition
			16.3.8 Available Potassium Content of the Leaf Litters After Decomposition
			16.3.9 Calcium, Magnesium and Sodium Content of the Leaf Litter After Decomposition
			16.3.10 Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio Content of the Leaf Litter After Decomposition
		16.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 17: Reforestation of Sandy Soils in the Tohoku Sea Coast of Japan
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Materials and Methods
		17.3 Results and Discussion
		References
	Chapter 18: Soil Management Practices to Reduce Hardpans and Compaction in Sandy Soils of North Carolina, USA
		18.1 Compaction and Issues Associated with Compaction
		18.2 Soils of North Carolina
		18.3 Management Strategies to Alleviate Compaction in North Carolina
		18.4 Future Research Opportunities
		References
	Chapter 19: Ameliorating Sandy Soil Constraints for Sustainable Gains in Productivity in Southern Australia
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Ameliorating Constraints in Sandy Soils
		19.3 Lowaldie Case Study
		19.4 Younghusband Case Study
		19.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 20: Compost Application Leads to Higher Nitrification Rates and N2O Emissions in Sandy Soils
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Materials and Methods
			20.2.1 Soil and Compost Sampling
			20.2.2 Labeling the Soil N Pool with 15N
			20.2.3 Soil Incubation with Compost and N Fertilizer
			20.2.4 N2O Sampling and Analysis
			20.2.5 Soil Extraction and Analysis
			20.2.6 Calculation
			20.2.7 Statistical Analysis
		20.3 Results
			20.3.1 Soil Net Nitrification and Gross N Mineralization
			20.3.2 Production of N2O
			20.3.3 Quantifying the N2O Emitted from Soil, Fertilizer, and Compost Pools
		20.4 Discussion
			20.4.1 Total N2O Production and Net N Nitrification Rates
			20.4.2 The Effect of Compost on N2O Production from Fertilizer and Soil N
		20.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 21: Characterization of Phosphorus Sorption of Some Sandy Soils in Florida with Microscopy and Computer Vision
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Methods
		21.3 Image Analysis
		21.4 Statistical Analysis
		21.5 Results and Discussion
		21.6 The Agronomic and Environmental Implications
		References
Part III: Water and the Environment
	Chapter 22: Localized Dry Spot Recovery and Water Repellency in a Sand Golf Green
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Materials and Methods
		22.3 Results
		22.4 Discussion
		References
	Chapter 23: Irrigation Practices for Enhanced Water Management of Citrus on Sandy Soils in Florida
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Materials and Methods
			23.2.1 Study Site Descriptions
			23.2.2 Irrigation Treatments
			23.2.3 Statistical and Data Analyses
		23.3 Results and Discussion
			23.3.1 Meteorological Data and Irrigation
			23.3.2 Soil and Water Content
			23.3.3 Fine Root Length Density
		23.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 24: Soil Water Repellency in Sandy Soils: A Review
		24.1 Introduction to Soil Water Repellency
		24.2 Organic Compounds and SWR
			24.2.1 The Presence and Concentrations of Organic Compounds
				24.2.1.1 Field Soil Samples
				24.2.1.2 Artificial Mixtures in Laboratory Conditions
			24.2.2 Orientation and Structure of Organic Compounds Affecting SWR
			24.2.3 The Role of Surface Chemistry
			24.2.4 Soil pH
		24.3 Physical Soil Characteristics Affecting SWR
			24.3.1 Soil Moisture Content
			24.3.2 Soil Texture and Particle Size
		24.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 25: Soil Water Repellency in Reforested Sandy Soils
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Area of Research
		25.3 Case Study A: Abandonment of Agriculture, Stanisławów Village
		25.4 Case Study B: Fire in Pine Forest, Kampinos National Park (KPN)
		25.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 26: High-Resolution Soil Moisture Mapping Using Sentinel-1 and Moisture Probes in Cultivated Sands
		26.1 Introduction
		26.2 Materials and Methods
			26.2.1 Study Area
			26.2.2 Soil Moisture Probe Data
			26.2.3 Sentinel-1 Data
			26.2.4 Establishing an Empirical Soil Water Content Model
			26.2.5 Predicting the Spatial and Temporal Variations in VWC Across the Field
		26.3 Results
			26.3.1 Summary Temporal Statistics of Soil Water Content
			26.3.2 Model Accuracy and Precision
			26.3.3 Spatial Distributions of Estimated Environmental Controlling Factors and Soil Properties
			26.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Estimated VWC and SWD During the Cropping Season
		26.4 Discussion
			26.4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Empirical MLR Model
			26.4.2 Implications for Soil Water Conservation and Irrigation Management Under Climate Change
		26.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 27: Some Current and Emerging Environmental Issues in Sandy Soils
		27.1 Introduction
		27.2 Environmental Issues
			27.2.1 Nutrient Leaching and Groundwater Contamination
			27.2.2 Transport and Fate of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals
			27.2.3 Trace Elements and Heavy Metals
		27.3 A New Framework
		27.4 Summary and Conclusions
		References
Part IV: Epilogue
	Chapter 28: Sandy Soils: Do We Know Enough?
		28.1 Introduction
		28.2 Definition and Assessment
		28.3 Soil Carbon and Soil Health
		28.4 Soil Physical Properties and Environmental Issues
	Chapter 29: Sandy Soil Proverbs and Names in the Netherlands
		29.1 Introduction
		29.2 Some Concluding Remarks
		References