Sandstone Depositional Environments (AAPG Memoir 31)

Sandstone Depositional Environments......Page 1
Front page......Page 2
Introduction......Page 3
Till......Page 6
Glaciomarine Drift......Page 7
ICE-CONTACT DEPOSITS......Page 10
GLACIOFLUVIAL DEPOSITS......Page 12
REFERENCES CITED......Page 13
INTRODUCTION......Page 16
EOLIAN DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS......Page 18
EOLIAN DEPOSITS AND THEIR RECOGNITION......Page 20
Dunes......Page 22
Nebraska Sand Hills: Example of Dune Distribution and Thickness......Page 27
Interdunes......Page 29
SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES IN EOLIAN DEPOSITS......Page 31
Sedimentary Structures Within Dunes......Page 32
Sedimentary Structures of Interdune Deposits......Page 36
EOLIAN TEXTURES......Page 39
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS OF EOLIANITES......Page 44
REFERENCES CITED......Page 50
INTRODUCTION......Page 54
ALLUVIAL FAN FACIES......Page 59
General......Page 61
Streamflow Deposits......Page 64
Landslide Deposits......Page 65
RELATION TO OTHER FACIES......Page 67
GEOMETRY OF ALLUVIAL FAN DEPOSITS......Page 68
CRITERIA FOR RECOGNITION OF ALLUVIAL FAN DEPOSITS......Page 70
VERTICAL SEQUENCES......Page 72
General......Page 74
COMPOSITIONAL PARAMETERS......Page 83
GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION......Page 84
E-LOG CHARACTERISTICS......Page 85
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION......Page 86
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ALLUVIAL FANS......Page 87
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 88
REFERENCES CITED......Page 89
INTRODUCTION......Page 92
MODERN LACUSTRINE DEPOSITIONAL SETTINGS......Page 93
UINTA BASIN DEPOSITIONAL MODEL FOR COMPARISON......Page 95
OPEN LACUSTRINE FEATURES......Page 97
MARGINAL LACUSTRINE FEATURES......Page 101
ALLUVIAL FEATURES......Page 114
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 116
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 118
DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF RIVER TYPES......Page 120
Tectonic Relationships......Page 121
Relationships to Lateral Facies......Page 122
GEOMETRIES OF FACIES......Page 123
Meandering River Deposits......Page 124
Incised Rivers......Page 125
Braided Rivers......Page 126
Meandering Rivers......Page 132
Anastomosing Rivers......Page 133
Texture......Page 134
Log Response......Page 135
Mineralogy......Page 136
Paleontology......Page 137
Hydrocarbon Potential......Page 138
Chemical Precipitates......Page 139
EXAMPLES OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION FROM FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS......Page 140
REFERENCES CITED......Page 141
INTRODUCTION......Page 144
Braided-Channel Deposits......Page 145
Meandering-Channel Deposits......Page 148
Lacustrine Delta-Fill Deposits......Page 152
Bay-Fill Deposits......Page 153
Abandoned Distributary Deposits......Page 160
Distributary-Mouth-Bar Deposits......Page 161
River-Mouth Tidal-Ridge Deposits......Page 166
Subaqueous Slump Deposits......Page 172
CONCLUSIONS......Page 179
REFERENCES CITED......Page 181
TEXTURE......Page 184
SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES......Page 185
ESTUARY FILL COMPLEXES......Page 190
RECOGNITION OF ESTUARY DEPOSITS......Page 191
REFERENCES CITED......Page 192
INTRODUCTION......Page 196
MODERN TIDES AND TIDAL FLATS......Page 197
North Sea......Page 198
Georgia Coast, USA......Page 209
Gulf of California......Page 211
Bay of Fundy......Page 213
Wind-Tidal Flats......Page 215
ANCIENT TIDAL FLATS AND TIDAL CHANNELS......Page 216
Dakota Group (Cretaceous) Sedimentary Structures, Textures, and Facies......Page 217
Upper Almond Formation (Cretaceous), West Desert Springs and Patrick Draw Fields, Wyoming......Page 220
Geologic Setting and Data Control......Page 227
Sequence and Distribution of Genetic Deposits......Page 237
Criteria for Recognition of the Genetic Sandstone Bodies......Page 240
REFERENCES CITED......Page 249
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 250
BEACH AND SHOREFACE DEPOSITS......Page 252
Beach-to-Offshore Morphology and Processes......Page 255
Modern Beach-to-Offshore Facies......Page 258
Vertical Sequence Models......Page 263
Ancient Progradational Sequences......Page 264
Mechanical Log Response......Page 266
Lateral Variation in Facies Sequence......Page 268
Modern Inlet Deposits......Page 269
Ancient Inlet Deposits......Page 272
WASHOVER-FAN DEPOSITS......Page 273
Shoreface Retreat Versus In-Place Drowning......Page 275
Ancient Examples......Page 276
Gallup Sandstone — Strand-Plain Complex......Page 278
La Ventana Sandstone — Interdeltaic Barrier Chain......Page 279
Almond Sandstone Reservoirs — Post-Deltaic Barrier......Page 281
REFERENCES CITED......Page 282
Definition and Remarks on Facies......Page 286
Introduction......Page 287
Depositional Setting......Page 288
Tectonic Relations......Page 293
Compositional and Textural Patterns......Page 297
Sedimentary Structures......Page 301
Sediment Texture......Page 329
Petroleum Potential......Page 330
REFERENCES CITED......Page 331
World-Wide Distribution......Page 334
Feature on Slopes......Page 340
MASS TRANSPORT PROCESSES ON SLOPES......Page 341
CRITERIA FOR RECOGNIZING SLOPES......Page 342
Undisturbed Sediment......Page 344
Slides, Slumps, and Soft-Sediment Deformation......Page 353
Sediment Gravity Flow Deposits......Page 363
REFERENCES CITED......Page 367
Historical Review......Page 370
Fan Occurrence......Page 371
Distal and Proximal......Page 373
Geomorphic Terms and Ancient Rocks......Page 375
MODERN FAN MORPHOLOGIES AND DIMENSIONS......Page 376
Upper Fan and Fan Valley......Page 377
Lower Fan to Basin Plain......Page 378
Facies A......Page 379
Facies D......Page 382
Inner Fan......Page 383
Other Facies Associations......Page 384
Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Submarine Fans......Page 385
REFERENCES CITED......Page 407