Saffron: The Age-Old Panacea in a New Light

Front Cover......Page 1
Saffron: The Age-Old Panacea in a New Light......Page 2
Saffron: The Age-Old Panacea in a New Light......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
List of Contributors......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgment......Page 14
Contents......Page 16
   Cellular Structure of the Liver......Page 18
   Physiology of the Liver......Page 20
   Antioxidant Activity......Page 21
    Crocin protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury......Page 27
    Crocin reduces 5-fluorouracil–induced liver toxicity and injury......Page 28
    Crocin provides partial protection from nicotine-induced toxicity......Page 29
    Crocin relieved cisplatin-induced hepatic damage......Page 30
    Crocin averts early lesions in liver cancer......Page 31
    Crocin inhibits telomerase activity and downregulates Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)......Page 32
   Genoprotective Property of Saffron in the Liver......Page 33
  REFERENCES......Page 34
  INTRODUCTION......Page 38
  SAFFRON IN TURKISH HISTORY......Page 39
  SAFFRON IN ANATOLIA......Page 40
    Saffron in traditional Turkish Cuisine......Page 41
    Saffron in dyeing......Page 42
    Saffron in Turkish literature (text, poetry, and folk riddles)......Page 43
   Ethnomedicinal Usage of Saffron in Turkey......Page 44
  REFERENCES......Page 45
 3 - Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Cultivation in Turkey......Page 50
  SAFFRON SOWING......Page 51
  STORAGE......Page 52
  PLANTING DEPTH AND SPACING......Page 54
  FUTURE PROSPECTS......Page 56
   Possible Solutions......Page 57
  REFERENCES......Page 58
  INTRODUCTION......Page 62
  CULTIVATED CONDITIONS......Page 67
   In Vitro Conditions......Page 68
   Ex vitro Conditions......Page 69
  REFERENCES......Page 70
  INTRODUCTION......Page 74
  ORIGIN OF SAFFRON......Page 76
  AUTOPLOIDY AND ALLOPLOIDY SITUATION IN SAFFRON......Page 78
   Variation Level in Saffron......Page 79
  SAFFRON GENETIC VARIATION......Page 80
  CONCLUSION......Page 81
  REFERENCES......Page 82
  INTRODUCTION......Page 86
  EXTRACTION METHODS FOR VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF SAFFRON......Page 88
  KEY ODORANTS OF SAFFRON......Page 91
  REFERENCES......Page 95
  INTRODUCTION......Page 100
   Carotenoids......Page 101
    Crocins......Page 102
   Derivatives of Crocetin......Page 103
   Derivative of Safranal......Page 105
  REFERENCES......Page 106
   INTRODUCTION......Page 110
    Saffron Extract Crocin Prevents Oxidative Stress and PC-12 Cell Apoptosis by Increasing Intracellular Antioxidant Glutathio .........Page 112
    Crocin Reduces the Infarcted Areas Caused by Occultation of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Mice Brian......Page 114
    Saffron Extract Crocin Improves Learning and Memory Capacity......Page 115
   CONCLUSION......Page 116
   REFERENCES......Page 117
    Impact of Crocus sativus and Its Main Components on Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity......Page 120
    Impact of Crocus sativus and Its Main Components on Inflammation-nduced Neurotoxicity......Page 121
    Alzheimer\'s Disease......Page 122
    Anxiety and Depression......Page 123
    Epilepsy......Page 124
    Schizophrenia......Page 125
     Spinal injury......Page 126
   REFERENCES......Page 128
   FURTHER READING......Page 133
   ROLE OF SAFFRON IN THE TREATMENT OF BRAIN CONDITIONS......Page 134
    Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Signalling......Page 135
    B-Cell Lymphoma (Bax) and B-Cell Lymphoma–Associated X Protein (Bcl-2) Regulation......Page 136
    C-Fos Protein Regulation......Page 137
    CCA AT-Enhancer–Binding Protein Homologous Protein (CHOP)/Wnt/β-Catenin (Wnt) Pathway......Page 138
    GRK Pathway......Page 139
    Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor......Page 140
    GABAergic Benzodiazepine Receptor Regulation......Page 141
    Acetyl-Cholinergic Signaling......Page 142
    Amyloid-β......Page 143
   REFERENCES......Page 144
    Anxiety......Page 148
      Effects of C. sativus and its constituents on pathologies of the central nervous system......Page 149
    Preclinical Evidence......Page 150
    Clinical Evidence......Page 152
    Potential mechanism(s) of Action of C. sativus and its Constituents in anxiety Disorders......Page 153
   CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PLANS......Page 154
   REFERENCES......Page 155
   INTRODUCTION......Page 158
    Experimental Protocol for Cultured Cardiomyocytes......Page 162
    Experimental Protocol for Chronic Administration of DOX and Saffron in Rabbits......Page 163
    Animal Observation......Page 164
    Electrophysiological Parameters......Page 165
   DISCUSSION......Page 166
   REFERENCES......Page 168
   FURTHER READING......Page 171
   CHEMICAL PROFILE OF SAFFRON......Page 172
    Glaucoma......Page 173
    Age-Related Macular Degeneration......Page 175
    Clinical Trials for Ocular Diseases with Saffron......Page 176
   REFERENCES......Page 177
   SAFFRON CHEMISTRY......Page 180
    Saffron (Crocus sativus Extract) Neuroprotection......Page 183
   MULLER CELLS AND MICROGLIA IN DEGENERATING RETINA......Page 184
    Saffron Fractions......Page 185
   RATIO AMONG SAFFRON COMPONENTS DETERMINES NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY......Page 186
    Age-Related Macular Degeneration......Page 187
    Stargardt......Page 189
   CONCLUSIONS......Page 190
   REFERENCES......Page 191
   INTRODUCTION......Page 194
   PHYTOCHEMISTRY......Page 196
   ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES......Page 197
    Catalase......Page 199
    Glutathione Reductase......Page 200
   MODULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS BY SAFFRON EXTRACTS......Page 201
   ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY......Page 202
   REFERENCES......Page 204
   INTRODUCTION......Page 210
    Cell-Mediated Immunity (Phagocytic Activity)......Page 211
     In vivo studies......Page 212
    Safranal......Page 214
    Crocetin......Page 215
     In vivo studies......Page 216
     In vivo studies......Page 217
     In vivo studies......Page 221
     In vivo studies......Page 222
   CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE EFFECT OF SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS) AND ITS CONSTITUENTS ON IMMUNE SYSTEM......Page 224
   REFERENCES......Page 229
   INTRODUCTION......Page 236
    Saffron and Its Components Relaxant Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle......Page 237
    β2-Adrenoreceptors Stimulatory Effect of Saffron and Its Components......Page 238
    Calcium Channel Antagonist Activity of Saffron and Its Components......Page 240
    Cardiovascular System......Page 241
    Respiratory System......Page 242
    Urogenital Tracts......Page 244
   REFERENCES......Page 245
   INTRODUCTION......Page 250
   SAFFRON AND METABOLIC SYNDROME......Page 252
    Antidepressant......Page 253
   SAFFRON AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES......Page 254
   CONCLUSION......Page 257
   REFERENCES......Page 258
   INTRODUCTION......Page 262
   FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS......Page 263
   IMMUNOMODULATION ACTIVITY......Page 264
   PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF SAFFRON (C. SATIVUS L.)......Page 265
    Carotenoids as Anti-Oxidative Damage Modifier......Page 267
   PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SAFFRON (C. SATIVUS L.)......Page 268
    Potential of Dietary Crocin the Marker Compound in Saffron (C. sativus L.) Against Different Malignancies......Page 272
   HINDERING IMPACTS OF SAFFRON......Page 273
   REFERENCES......Page 274
   FURTHER READING......Page 278
   CHEMOPREVENTION......Page 280
   GASTRIC CANCER......Page 281
   HEPATIC CANCER......Page 282
   OVARIAN CANCER......Page 283
   CONCLUSIONS......Page 284
   REFERENCES......Page 285
   FURTHER READING......Page 286
 C......Page 288
 L......Page 290
 P......Page 291
 S......Page 292
 T......Page 293
 Z......Page 294
Back Cover......Page 296