Russia and the Soviet Union: An Historical Introduction from the Kievan State to the Present

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
Preface to the First Edition......Page 14
The Russian Land......Page 18
The Peoples of Russia......Page 23
The Slavs Come to Russia......Page 26
The Formation of the Kievan State......Page 28
How Did Kievan Russians Make a Living?......Page 30
Kievan Society......Page 33
Religion and Culture in Kievan Russia......Page 35
Power and Politics in Kievan Russia......Page 39
The Fall and Significance of Kievan Russia......Page 41
Further Reading......Page 43
CHAPTER 2: RUSSIA DIVIDED AND CONQUERED, 1054–1462......Page 46
Russia Divided......Page 47
The Mongol Scourge......Page 51
The Impact of the Mongols......Page 55
The Decline of Mongol Power......Page 60
Conclusion......Page 61
Further Reading......Page 62
CHAPTER 3: MOSCOW AND THE "GATHERING OF THE RUSSIAN LANDS," 1328–1533......Page 64
The Odds Against Moscow......Page 65
Moscow's Advantages......Page 66
The Unification of Russia, 1328–1533......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 81
Further Reading......Page 82
CHAPTER 4: IVAN THE TERRIBLE AND THE TIME OF TROUBLES, 1533–1618......Page 84
The Personality and Character of Ivan the Terrible......Page 85
The Reforms of Ivan IV......Page 87
Ivan Versus the Aristocracy......Page 89
The Time of Troubles, 1598–1613......Page 94
Conclusion......Page 100
Further Reading......Page 101
CHAPTER 5: THE MOLDING OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY, 1613–1689......Page 104
Serfdom......Page 106
The Autocracy......Page 110
The Orthodox Church......Page 113
The Expansion of Russia......Page 116
Relations with the West......Page 120
Conclusion......Page 121
Further Reading......Page 122
CHAPTER 6: PETER THE GREAT AND WESTERNIZATION, 1689–1725......Page 124
Peter's Coming of Age......Page 126
Peter's Personality and Character......Page 127
Peter in War and Diplomacy......Page 129
Peter's Reforms......Page 132
Resistance to Peter......Page 137
Significance of Peter the Great......Page 138
Further Reading......Page 140
CHAPTER 7: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY, 1725–1801......Page 142
Peter's Successors, 1725–1762......Page 145
Catherine the Great, 1762–1796......Page 147
Russian Expansion and Colonization......Page 152
Economic and Social Development......Page 155
The Changing Role of the Nobility......Page 157
Education and Culture......Page 159
The Reign of Paul I, 1796–1801......Page 161
Conclusion......Page 163
Further Reading......Page 164
CHAPTER 8: POWER, BACKWARDNESS, AND CREATIVITY, 1801–1855......Page 166
The Serf Economy......Page 168
Russia Unchanged......Page 171
Creativity and Dissent......Page 176
Russia: Arbiter of Europe, Colonizer of Asia and America......Page 179
Conclusion......Page 183
Further Reading......Page 184
CHAPTER 9: REFORM, REACTION, AND MODERNIZATION, 1855–1904......Page 186
The Era of the Great Reforms, 1855–1881......Page 188
Terror and Reaction......Page 192
Economic and Social Modernization, 1861–1905......Page 196
Competing Ideologies......Page 201
Conclusion......Page 207
Further Reading......Page 208
CHAPTER 10: REVOLUTION, REFORM, AND WAR, 1904–1917......Page 210
The Revolution of 1905......Page 212
The Duma Period, 1906–1914......Page 217
The Silver Age: Russian Culture, 1890–1917......Page 222
Russian Involvement in World War I, 1914–1917......Page 225
Conclusion......Page 227
Further Reading......Page 230
CHAPTER 11: REVOLUTION, CIVIL WAR, AND THE FOUNDING OF SOVIET SOCIETY, 1917–1928......Page 232
The February Revolution: The Collapse of the Tsarist System......Page 233
The Bolsheviks Come to Power......Page 239
Civil War and Foreign Intervention, 1918–1921......Page 244
The New Economic Policy and Coexistence, 1921–1928......Page 250
The Struggle for Power......Page 253
Conclusion......Page 256
Further Reading......Page 257
CHAPTER 12: THE SECOND REVOLUTION, THE STALINIST SYSTEM, AND WORLD WAR II, 1928–1946......Page 260
The Revolution from Above: Industrialization and Collectivization......Page 261
The Stalinist System......Page 269
Soviet Culture, 1917–1953......Page 274
Stalin and the World, 1928–1946......Page 275
Conclusion......Page 283
Further Reading......Page 284
CHAPTER 13: THE SOVIET UNION AS A SUPERPOWER: CHANGE, STAGNATION, AND "COLD WAR," 1946–1984......Page 286
Reconstruction and Renewed Stalinism......Page 287
The Cold War......Page 288
Ideological Rigidity and Repression......Page 295
The Succession to Stalin and the Rise of Khrushchev......Page 296
Peaceful Coexistence and Troubles in Eastern Europe......Page 301
Origins of the Sino-Soviet Split......Page 304
Ups and Downs in Soviet-Western Relations......Page 306
Khrushchev: Reformer or Repairman?......Page 308
Bureaucratic Stability Under Brezhnev and His Successors......Page 311
Détente and Its Erosion......Page 314
The Changing Soviet Society......Page 319
Conclusion......Page 322
Further Reading......Page 323
CHAPTER 14: THE GORBACHEV "REVOLUTION" AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION, 1983–1991......Page 324
The Origins of the Gorbachev Reforms......Page 325
Efforts to Rejuvenate the Economy......Page 329
New "Thinking" in Foreign Policy......Page 332
Glasnost'......Page 336
Democratization......Page 339
Gorbachev's Downfall......Page 341
The Attempted Coup of August 1991......Page 345
Conclusion......Page 347
Further Reading......Page 349
CHAPTER 15: THE "NEW" RUSSIA IN THE POST-SOVIET ERA, 1991–2000......Page 352
The Quadruple Revolution......Page 353
On the High Road to Capitalism......Page 355
What Is a "Normal" Life?......Page 358
The Rocky Road to Democracy......Page 364
Russia, Its Neighbors, and the World......Page 372
Conclusion......Page 378
Further Reading......Page 379
CHAPTER 16: PUTIN'S PARADOXES, 2000Ó2008......Page 380
The Meteoric Rise of Vladimir Putin......Page 381
Good Times......Page 384
Now, the Bad News......Page 385
Consumerism......Page 389
Nationalism......Page 390
"Sovereign Democracy"......Page 391
Elections......Page 393
The Challenge of Chechnya......Page 396
Putin's Assertive Foreign Policy......Page 398
Russia and Its Neighbors......Page 400
Russia and the European Union......Page 403
Conclusion......Page 405
Further Reading......Page 406
Notes......Page 408
A......Page 412
B......Page 413
C......Page 414
D......Page 415
F......Page 416
G......Page 417
I......Page 418
K......Page 419
L......Page 420
M......Page 421
N......Page 422
P......Page 423
R......Page 425
S......Page 427
T......Page 429
U......Page 430
V......Page 431
Z......Page 432