Rural–Urban Dichotomies and Spatial Development in Asia (New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 48)

Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I: Introduction
	Chapter 1: Introduction to Rural-Urban Dichotomies and Spatial Development in Asia
		1.1 Preliminaries
		1.2 Migration
			1.2.1 Agritourism and Welfare
			1.2.2 Reference-Dependent Preferences
		1.3 Goods and Services
			1.3.1 Provision of Public Goods and Services
			1.3.2 Healthcare and Access to Cultural Services
			1.3.3 Education and Inequality
		1.4 Conflict
			1.4.1 Domestic Violence and Spatial Spillovers
			1.4.2 Separation and Natural Resources
		1.5 Reforms and Their Impacts
			1.5.1 Foreign Direct Investment and Structural Change
			1.5.2 Monthly per Capita Expenditure
			1.5.3 Middle-Class Formation
			1.5.4 Community-Driven Development
		1.6 Conclusions
		References
Part II: Migration
	Chapter 2: Agritourism, Unemployment, and Urban-Rural Migration
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 The Model
		2.3 Comparative Statics
			2.3.1 Policy Changes in Developing Countries
				Labor Outflow
				Decrease in Urban Minimum Wage Rate
				Increase in Foreign Capital Investment
			2.3.2 Improvement of the Agritourism Sector
				Increase in Labor Productivity of Tourism
				Shift to Agricultural-good-intensive Tourism
				Environmentally Friendly Agritourism
		2.4 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 3: Overpopulation and Reference-Dependent Preferences: Does Internal Migration in Japan Actually Satisfy People?
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Internal Migrations in Japan
			3.2.1 Historical Context
			3.2.2 Imperfect Relationship Between Income and Happiness
		3.3 The Models and Theoretical Analyses
			3.3.1 Characterizing Migrations with Reference-Dependent Models
			3.3.2 The Basic Setting
				Economy and Consumer/Resident
			3.3.3 Past Consumption Level as the Reference Point
				Difference from the Past Consumption Level
				Ratio to the Past Consumption Level
				Kahneman-Tversky Type Function
				General Equilibrium
			3.3.4 Difference from the (Past) Regional Average
				Kahneman-Tversky Type Function
				Incomplete Information
		3.4 Empirical Studies
			3.4.1 Backgrounds
			3.4.2 Models Used in the Estimations
				Location Choice
				Specifying the Income Part
			3.4.3 The Data
				Migrations
				Income (Wage)
				Distance
				Commuting Time
				Lowest Temperature
				College Student Rate
				Employment (Rate) of Primary and Secondary Industries
				Marriage Rate
				Youth Rate
				Unemployment Rate
				Housing Rent
			3.4.4 Estimation Results and Discussions
				Habit Formation
		3.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
		References
Part III: Goods and Services
	Chapter 4: Rural-Urban Satisfaction Towards China´s Public Goods and Services Provision
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Household Registration (Hukou) System as a Rural-Urban Divide
			4.2.1 Resilience of the Hukou System
		4.3 Research Question and Method
			4.3.1 Dependent Variable: People´s Satisfaction with Public Goods and Services Provision
			4.3.2 Independent Variable: Hukou Status
			4.3.3 Control Variables: Social Demographic Predictors
		4.4 Statistical Results
		4.5 Discussion
		References
	Chapter 5: Urban-Rural Gap of Healthcare and Cultural Service Accessibility in South Korea
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Data and Methodology
			5.2.1 Data
			5.2.2 Methodology
		5.3 Vulnerability Estimation Results
			5.3.1 Distribution of Socially or Economically Vulnerable Population
			5.3.2 Vulnerability in Accessing Healthcare Services
				Geographic Distribution of Healthcare Services in Korea
				Urban-Rural Comparisons: Number of Medical Facilities and Distance to Services
				Comparison of SAVI Between Urban and Rural Areas
			5.3.3 Vulnerability in Accessing Cultural Services
				Geographic Distribution of Cultural Services in Korea
				Urban-Rural Comparisons: Number of Cultural Facilities and Distance to Services
				Comparison of SAVI Between Urban and Rural Areas
		5.4 Service Vulnerability and Local Characteristics
		5.5 Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
	Chapter 6: Urban and Rural Dimensions of the Role of Education in Inequality: A Comparative Analysis Between Indonesia, Myanma...
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Literature Review
		6.3 Method and The Data
			6.3.1 Methods
				Decomposition of Education Gini Coefficient by Location (Urban and Rural Sectors)
				Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis
				Two-Stage Hierarchical Decomposition of Expenditure Inequality by the Theil Index T
			6.3.2 The Data
		6.4 Empirical Results
			6.4.1 Decomposition of Education Gini by Location (Urban and Rural Sectors)
			6.4.2 Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis
			6.4.3 Hierarchical Decomposition of Expenditure Inequality by Location and Education
				Indonesia
				Myanmar
				The Philippines
		6.5 Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
Part IV: Conflict
	Chapter 7: Spatial Spillover Effects: Domestic Violence in Nepal
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Geospatial Patterns: Previous Evidence
		7.3 Data and Methodology
		7.4 Summary Statistics
		7.5 Regression Results
		7.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: An Economic Analysis of Regional Conflict, Secession, and Bargaining Power Under Uneven Resource Distribution
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 The Model
			8.2.1 Integrated Economy
				Households
				Products
				Natural Resources
			8.2.2 The Objective Function of Government
		8.3 Secession
			8.3.1 Economy after Secession
				Households
				Products
			8.3.2 Natural Resources Under Secession
		8.4 Remaining or Seceding
			8.4.1 Infinite Trade Obstruction
			8.4.2 No Trade Obstruction
			8.4.3 Numerical Example
		8.5 Concluding Remarks
		References
Part V: Reforms and Their Impacts
	Chapter 9: Liberalisation and Structural Change with Rural-Urban Dichotomies: A General Equilibrium Outlook
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 The Model
		9.3 Comparative Statics
			9.3.1 Effect of Foreign Capital Inflow
				Effect on Urban Unemployment
			9.3.2 Reduction in Protection in Import-competing Sector
		9.4 Concluding Remarks
		Appendix 1: The Tables Summarising Model Characteristics
		Appendix 2: Details of Some Algebraic Expressions
		Appendix 3
		Appendix 4: Stability Condition in Product Market for Nonfarm Sector
		References
	Chapter 10: Convergence in Monthly Per Capita Expenditure and the Rural-Urban Dichotomy: Evidence from Major Indian States
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 The Present Study, Methodology, and Data
		10.3 Empirical Results and Discussion
			10.3.1 Results of Convergence
			10.3.2 Determinants of Consumption Expenditures
		10.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Growth and Determinants of the Middle Class in Rural and Urban India in the Post-Liberalisation Period
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Review of Earlier Studies
			11.2.1 Rural-Urban Divides in Development
			11.2.2 The Size of the Middle Class and Its Determinants
		11.3 Data and Methods
			11.3.1 Estimating the Middle Class
			11.3.2 Determinants of Middle Class
		11.4 Size of the Middle Class and Rural-Urban Divide
			11.4.1 Size of the Middle Class at the National Level
			11.4.2 The State-Wise Growth
			11.4.3 The Rural-Urban Divide Among States
			11.4.4 Reliability of Estimates of Middle Class
		11.5 Determinant of Middle Class
		11.6 Conclusions
		Appendix
		References
	Chapter 12: Geographies of Power: Implementing Community Driven Development in Urban Dili, Timor-Leste
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Colonial Spatial Constructions and Dynamics
			12.2.1 Territorial Structure
			12.2.2 Urban Planning and Colonial Impact on the Urban Space
		12.3 Post-Colonial Administrative Boundaries
		12.4 Post-Independence Demographic Changes
		12.5 PNDS Implementation in Dili
		12.6 Defining Community
		12.7 Conclusion
		References
Index