Running Linux: A Distribution-Neutral Guide for Servers and Desktops

Table of Contents
Preface
	Organization of This Book
	Conventions Used in This Book
	Using Code Examples
	How to Contact Us
	Safari® Enabled
	Acknowledgments
Part I
Introduction to Linux
	About This Book
	Who’s Using Linux?
	System Features
		A Bag of Features
		Kernel
		Commands and Shells
		Text Processing and Word Processing
		Commercial Applications
		Programming Languages and Utilities
		The X Window System
		KDE and GNOME
		Networking
		Laptop Support
		Interfacing with Windows
		Other Applications
	About Linux’s Copyright
		A Summary of Free Software Licensing
		SCO and Other Challenges
	Open Source and the Philosophy of Linux
		Hints for Unix Novices
		Hints for Unix Gurus
	Sources of Linux Information
		Online Documents
		Books and Other Published Works
		Usenet Newsgroups
		Internet Mailing Lists
	Getting Help
Preinstallation and Installation
	Distributions of Linux
		Getting Linux via Mail Order or Other Hard Media
		Getting Linux from the Internet
	Preparing to Install Linux
		Installation Overview
		Repartitioning Concepts
		Linux Partition Requirements
		Creating Swap Space
		Creating the Filesystems
		Installing the Software
		Creating the Boot Floppy or Installing GRUB
		Additional Installation Procedures
	Post-Installation Procedures
		Creating a User Account
		Getting Online Help
		Editing /etc/fstab
		Shutting Down the System
	Running into Trouble
		Problems with Booting the Installation Medium
		Hardware Problems
			Isolating hardware problems
			Problems recognizing hard drive or controller
			Problems with SCSI controllers and devices
		Problems Installing the Software
		Problems After Installing Linux
			Problems booting Linux from floppy
			Problems booting Linux from the hard drive
			Problems logging in
			Problems using the system
Desktop Environments
	Why Use a Graphical Desktop?
	The K Desktop Environment
		General Features
		Installing KDE
		Using KDE
			The KDE panel and the K menu
			The KDE Control Center
	KDE Applications
		konsole: Your Home Base
			Starting up konsole
			Cutting and pasting selections
			More konsole tricks
		Clocks
		KGhostview: Displaying PostScript and PDF
		Reading Documentation with Konqueror
		Burning CDs with K3b
	The GNOME Desktop Environment
		Core Desktop Interface
			Basic GNOME tasks
			The panel
			Nautilus: your desktop and file manager
		Expert Settings: GConf
	GNOME Applications
		Evolution: Mail, Calendar, and Contacts
			Evolution mail
			Evolution calendar
			Evolution contacts
		GNOME and Office Software
		Movies and Music: Totem and Rhythmbox
		Additional Applications and Resources
Basic Unix Commands and Concepts
	Logging In
	Setting a Password
	Virtual Consoles
	Popular Commands
		Directories
		Listing Files
		Viewing Files, More or Less
		Symbolic Links
	Shells
	Useful Keys and How to Get Them to Work
	Typing Shortcuts
		Word Completion
		Moving Around Among Commands
	Filename Expansion
	Saving Your Output
	What Is a Command?
	Putting a Command in the Background
	Remote Logins and Command Execution
	Manual Pages
	Startup Files
	Important Directories
	Basic Text Editing
	Advanced Shells and Shell Scripting
		Setting Terminal Attributes
		Shell Programming
		Being More Efficient with the Z Shell
Web Browsers and InstantMessaging
	The World Wide Web
		Using Konqueror
		Other Web Browsers
	Instant Messaging
		Initial Configuration
		Chatting
		Advanced Configuration
Electronic Mail Clients
	Using KMail
	Using Mozilla Mail & News
	Getting the Mail to Your Computer with fetchmail
	OpenPGP Encryption with GnuPG
		Symmetric Encryption
		Public-Key Cryptography
		Creating a New Key Pair
		Encrypting with Public Keys
		Digital Signatures
		The Web of Trust
		Using gPG-agent
Games
	Gaming
	Quake III
		Installation
		Single Player
		Multiplayer
		Mods
	Return to Castle Wolfenstein
		Installation
		Single Player
		Multiplayer
	Unreal Tournament 2004
		Installation
		Play
		Game Server
		Updates
	Emulators
		MAME
		Nestra
		SNES9x
	Frozen Bubble
	Tux Racer
Office Suites and Personal Productivity
	Using OpenOffice
		“OpenOffice” Versus “OpenOffice.org”
		The Modules of OpenOffice
		OpenDocument and OpenOffice 2
		OpenOffice Writer
			Launching OOoWriter
			Opening files
			Saving files
			Exporting and sending files
			Identifying the toolbars
			Basic formatting
			Printing a document
			Advanced formatting
			Templates
			Styles
			Collaboration with documents
			Navigator
			Keyboard shortcuts
			Searching a document with Find & Replace
			Inserting hyperlinks
			Word count
			Password-protecting documents
		OOoWriter Customization
			OOoWriter toolbar customization
			Adding an OOoWriter icon on the desktop or taskbar panel
			Adjusting unpopular default settings
		OpenOffice Calc
			Managing files
			Entering labels (text)
			Autofill
			Entering simple formulas
			Summing a column of numbers
			Moving cell contents
			Adjusting column widths and row heights
			Merging cells
			Freezing and splitting windows
			Page Break View
			Setting the print range
			Functions
			Worksheets, or sheets
			Sorting data
			Data sources
			Macros
		OpenOffice Impress
			Creating a presentation from scratch with AutoPilot
			Opening an existing presentation
			Saving a presentation
			Export formats
			OOoImpress workspace views
			OOoImpress modes
			Editing a presentation
			The presentation palette
			Putting on a slide show
		Customizing OpenOffice
			Adding a Launcher icon
			Defaulting to the MS Office file formats
	KOffice
		Hands On: Getting to Know KOffice
			Using tabulators in KWord
			Embedding charts into spreadsheets
	Other Word Processors
	Synching PDAs
		Checking the Connection
		KPilot Synchronization
	Groupware
		Basic Group Organization
		Groupware Server Solutions
			Kolab
			OpenGroupware.org
			phpGroupWare and eGroupware
			OPEN-XCHANGE
			Closed-source products
		LDAP: Accessing Global Address Books
	Managing Your Finances
		Getting Started
			Choosing a currency
			Choosing accounts
			Entering opening balances
			Finishing your account setup
		The Account
		The GnuCash Accounts Window
			Creating new accounts
			Deleting accounts
		Transactions
			Entering transactions
			Recording split transactions
			Scheduling transactions
		Reports
		Real-Life Examples
			Going to the grocery store
			Getting a tax refund
			Buying a car
Multimedia
	Multimedia Concepts
		Digital Sampling
		File Formats
		Multimedia Hardware
	Kernel and Driver Issues
		Sound Drivers
			Installation and configuration
			Collecting hardware information
			Configuring ISA Plug and Play (optional)
			Configuring the kernel (optional)
			Configuring kernel modules
			Testing the installation
		Video Drivers
		Alternate Input Devices
	Embedded and Other Multimedia Devices
	Desktop Environments
		KDE
		GNOME
	Windows Compatibility
	Multimedia Applications
		Sound Mixers
		Multimedia Players
		CD and DVD Burning Tools
		Speech Tools
		Image, Sound, and Video Editing and Management Tools
		Imaging Tools
			Image management with KimDaBa
			Image manipulation with the GIMP
		Recording Tools
		Music Composition Tools
		Internet Telephony and Conferencing Tools
		Browser Plug-ins
		Putting It All Together
	Multimedia Toolkits and Development Environments
	Solutions to Common Problems
	References
Part II
System Administration Basics
	Maintaining the System
	Managing Filesystems
		Filesystem Types
		Mounting Filesystems
		Automounting Devices
		Creating Filesystems
		Checking and Repairing Filesystems
		Encrypted Filesystems
			Configuring the kernel
			Creating an encrypted filesystem
			Mounting the filesystem
			Security Issues
	Managing Swap Space
		Creating Swap Space
		Enabling the Swap Space
		Disabling Swap Space
	The /proc Filesystem
	Device Files
	Scheduling Recurring Jobs Using cron
	Executing Jobs Once
	Managing System Logs
	Processes
	Programs That Serve You
Managing Users, Groups, and Permissions
	Managing User Accounts
		The passwd File
		Shadow Passwords
		PAM and Other Authentication Methods
		The Group File
		Creating Accounts
		Deleting and Disabling Accounts
		Modifying User Accounts
	File Ownership and Permissions
		What Permissions Mean
		Owners and Groups
	Changing the Owner, Group, and Permissions
Installing, Updating, andCompilingPrograms
	Upgrading Software
	General Upgrade Procedure
		Using RPM
		Using dpkg and apt
	Automated and Bulk Upgrades
		YaST Online Update: Automated Updates
		Red Carpet and ZENworks Linux Management: AlternativePackageManagement Tools
			Installing Red Carpet
			Using the Red Carpet GUI
			Using the rug command
			Multiple users
			Operating an update server
	Upgrading Software Not Provided in Packages
		Upgrading Libraries
		Upgrading the Compiler
	Archive and Compression Utilities
		Using gzip and bzip2
		Using tar
		Using tar with gzip and bzip2
		tar Tricks
Networking
	Networking with TCP/IP
		TCP/IP Concepts
		Hardware Requirements
		Configuring TCP/IP with Ethernet
			Your network configuration
			The network configuration files
			/etc/hosts
			/etc/networks
			/etc/host.conf
			/etc/resolv.conf
			Setting your hostname
			Trying out your network
	Dial-Up PPP
		Basic PPP Configuration for Modems
			Requirements
			Serial device names
			Setting up PPP
			Writing a chat script
			Starting up pppd
			Configuring DNS
			Troubleshooting PPP configuration
			PAP and CHAP
	PPP over ISDN
		Configuring Your ISDN Hardware
		Setting Up Synchronous PPP
		And If It Does Not Work?
		Where to Go from Here?
	ADSL
	Cable Modems
	Network Diagnostics Tools
		ping
		traceroute
		dig
Printing
	Printing
		Basic Linux Printing Commands
		Some Common Command-Line Printing Tasks
		nenscript and enscript
		Printing Using GUI Tools
		How the Printing System Processes a File
	Managing Print Services
		Linux Printing Software
			Linux printing daemons
			Ghostscript
			Printer definitions
			Additional printing software
		Configuring Printer Hardware
			Verifying printer compatibility
			Printer interfaces
			Verifying basic printer connectivity
		Configuring CUPS Security
			Enabling web-based configuration
			Enabling or disabling browsing
			Restarting CUPS
		Defining Printers in CUPS
			Accessing the printer definition tool
			Creating a printer definition
			Testing your printer definition
		Fine-Tuning Printer Definitions
		Managing Printer Queues
			Using command-line tools
			Using the CUPS web-based interface
		Maintaining LPD Compatibility
			Maintaining a legacy /etc/printcap file
			Accepting print jobs from LPD systems
		Printer Troubleshooting
		Behind the Scenes: CUPS Files and Directories
File Sharing
	Sharing Files with Windows Systems (Samba)
		Protocols and Things Windows-Related
		Linux System Preparation and Installing Samba
		Accessing Remote Windows Files and Printers
			Using the FTP-like smbclient to access Windows
			Using Linux-kernel-based smbfs
			Using Linux-kernel-based cifsfs
			Using Linux desktop tools with libsmbclient
			Printing to printers on Windows systems
		Sharing Linux Files and Printers with Windows Users
			Installing Samba
			Configuring Samba
			Starting the Samba server
			Adding users
		An Office File- and Print-Sharing Solution Using Samba
		Automatic Printer Driver Download
		Using smbsh for Direct File Manipulation on Remote Systems
	NFS and NIS Configuration
		Configuring Your System as an NFS Client
			Using /etc/fstab NFS client entries
			Finding NFS exported resources and diagnosing problems
			Manual mounting of NFS filesystems
			Adding a directory to the NFS server’s exports
		Configuring Your System as an NIS Client
The X Window System
	A History of X
	X Concepts
	Hardware Requirements
	Installing X.org
	Configuring X.org
	Running X
	Running into Trouble
	X and 3D
		OpenGL Setup
			GLX
			DRI
			Proprietary drivers
			Configuring X.org for OpenGL
			Mesa
System Start and Shutdown
	Booting the System
		Using a Boot Floppy
		Using GRUB
			The /etc/grub.conf file
			Specifying boot-time options
			Removing GRUB
	System Startup and Initialization
		Kernel Boot Messages
		init, inittab, and rc Files
		rc Files
	Single-User Mode
	Shutting Down the System
	A Graphical Runlevel Editor: KSysV
Configuring and Building the Kernel
	Building a New Kernel
		Obtaining Kernel Sources
			Unpacking the sources
			Applying patches
		Building the Kernel
			Kernel configuration: make config
			Preparing the ground: make clean
			Compiling the kernel
			Installing the kernel
	Loadable Device Drivers
		Installing the Kernel
		Compiling Modules
		Loading a Module
	Loading Modules Automatically
Text Editing
	Editing Files Using vi
		Starting vi
		Inserting Text and Moving Around
		Deleting Text and Undoing Changes
		Changing Text
		Moving Around the File
		Saving Files and Quitting vi
		Editing Another File
		Including Other Files
		Running Shell Commands
		Global Searching and Replacing
		Moving Text and Using Registers
		Extending vi
	The (X)Emacs Editor
		Firing It Up
		Simple Editing Commands
		Tutorial and Online Help
		Deleting, Copying, and Moving Text
		Searching and Replacing
		Macros
		Running Commands and Programming Within Emacs
		Tailoring Emacs
		Regular Expressions
		Emacs and the X Window System
Text Processing
	TeX and LaTeX
		Learning the Ropes
		Formatting and Printing
		Further Reading
	XML and DocBook
	groff
		Writing a Manual Page
		Formatting and Installing the Manual Page
	Texinfo
		Writing the Texinfo Source
		Formatting Texinfo
Part III
Programming Tools
	Programming with gcc
		Quick Overview
		gcc Features
		Basic gcc Usage
		Using Multiple Source Files
		Optimizing
		Enabling Debugging Code
		More Fun with Libraries
			Creating shared libraries
		Using C++
	Makefiles
		What make Does
		Some Syntax Rules
		Macros
		Suffix Rules and Pattern Rules
		Multiple Commands
		Including Other makefiles
		Interpreting make Messages
		Autoconf, Automake, and Other Makefile Tools
	Debugging with gdb
		Tracing a Program
		Examining a Core File
		Debugging a Running Program
		Changing and Examining Data
		Getting Information
		Miscellaneous Features
			Breakpoints and watchpoints
			Instruction-level debugging
			Using Emacs with gdb
	Useful Utilities for C Programmers
		Debuggers
		Profiling and Performance Tools
		Using strace
		Using Valgrind
		Interface Building Tools
		Revision Control Tools: RCS
		Revision Control Tools: CVS
			Setting up a CVS repository
			Working with CVS
			CVS over the Internet
		Patching Files
		Indenting Code
	Using Perl
		A Sample Program
		More Features
		Pros and Cons
	Java
		The Promise of Java, or Why You Might Want to Use Java
		Getting Java for Linux
	Python
		Parsing Output from the Last Command Using Python
		Developing a Calculator Using Python
	Other Languages
	Introduction to OpenGL Programming
		GLUT
		Qt
	Integrated Development Environments
Running a Web Server
	Configuring Your Own Web Server
		httpd.conf
		srm.conf and access.conf
		Starting httpd
Transporting and Handling Email Messages
	The Postfix MTA
		A Word About DNS
		Installing Postfix
		Postfix Configuration
		Starting Postfix
		Postfix Logging
		Running Postfix on System Startup
		Postfix Relay Control
		Additional Configurations
	Procmail
		Procmail Concepts
		Preparing Procmail for Use
			Setting up a sandbox
		Recipe Syntax
		Examples
			Making a backup of all incoming mail
			Storing mail from a mailing list in a special mailbox
			Forward messages as SMS
			Sending an out-of-office reply
	Filtering Spam
Running an FTP Server
	Introduction
	Compiling and Installing
		RPM Install
		Compiling from Source
	Running ProFTPD
	Configuration
		Getting Started
		Basic Configuration
		Advanced Configuration
		Virtual Hosts
Part IV
Running Web Applications with MySQL and PHP
	MySQL
		MySQL Installation and Initial Configuration
		Initial Tasks: Setting Up Users and SQL
		Creating and Populating a Database
	PHP
		Some Sample PHP
		PHP4 as an Apache Module
	The LAMP Server in Action
Running a Secure System
	A Perspective on System Security
	Initial Steps in Setting Up a Secure System
		Shutting Down Unwanted Network Daemons
		Top 10 Things You Should Never Do
	TCP Wrapper Configuration
		Using TCP Wrappers with inetd
		Using TCP Wrappers with xinetd
		/etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny
	Firewalls: Filtering IP Packets
		netfilter Basics
			Using the iptables command
		Developing IP Filtering Rulesets
		IP Filter Management and Script Files
		Sample netfilter Configurations
			Simple IP filtering example
			IP filtering to protect an entire network
			IP masquerading example
	SELinux
Backup and Recovery
	Making Backups
		Simple Backups
			Backing up to tape
			Backing up to CD-R
			Backing up to hard disks
			To compress or not to compress?
		Incremental Backups
	What to Do in an Emergency
		Repairing Filesystems
		Accessing Damaged Files
		Restoring Files from Backup
Heterogeneous Networking and Running Windows Programs
	Sharing Partitions
		Filesystems and Mounting
		File Translation Utilities
	Emulation and Virtual Operating Systems
		Wine
			Getting and installing Wine
			A simple example of using Wine
			Configuring Wine
			Running Wine
			Further help
			CrossOver Office
		VMware Workstation
			So what does it actually do?
			Installing VMware Workstation 5
			VMWare Workstation 5 features
		Other Programs for Running MS-DOS andWindowsApplicationsonLinux
	Remote Desktop Access to Windows Programs
		rdesktop and TSCLient
			Setting up Windows Terminal Services
			Connecting to the terminal server
			Making Windows applications multiuser aware
			Using Windows applications from the Linux desktop
		Virtual Network Connection
			Setting up VNC
			Running a Linux VNC server
	FreeNX: Linux as a Remote Desktop Server
Sources of Linux Information
	Linux Documentation Project
	FTP Sites
	World Wide Web Sites
		General Documentation
		Open Source Projects
		Programming Languages and Tools
		News and Information Sites
		Linux Software Directories and Download Sites
		Linux Distributions
		Commercial Linux Software Companies
		Internet RFCs and Other Standards
		Miscellaneous
Index