Routledge Handbook of the Business of Women's Sport

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of contributors
Introduction
	Editors’ ambition
	Overview of the book
	References
PART I: History and evolution of women’s sport business
	Chapter 1: History and evolution of women’s sport
		Philosophical foundations of women’s sport
		Evolution of women’s professional sport
		Conclusion
		Leader profiles
		References
	Chapter 2: The impact of Title IX and other equity laws on the business
of women’s sport
		Constance Applebee’s entrepreneurial influence
		Title IX as a response to sex discrimination
		Title IX’s impact on the business of school sports
		Title IX’s impact on participation at the high school and college levels
		The magnitude of change in the college sport industry post-Title IX
		The ongoing process of achieving gender equity
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Sandy Barbour, Director of Athletics, the Pennsylvania State University
		References
	Chapter 3: Sociological perspectives of women in sport
		Sociological perspectives on women in sport
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Mary Jo Kane
		Note
		References
	Chapter 4: Women trailblazers in sport business
		Baseball
		Basketball
		Football
		Hockey
		Mixed martial arts
		Motorsports
		Olympics
		Soccer
		Sport media
		Sports agents
		Tennis
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: The history of women in sport management academe and the treatment of female faculty members in sport management higher education
		Creation and growth of sport management programs
		History of sport business
		History and treatment of women in sport management higher education
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Dr. Joy DeSensi
		References
PART II: Management of women’s sport
	Chapter 6: The role of bias in the under-representation of women in
leadership positions
		Introduction
		Bias
		Conclusions
		Leader profile: Yuen Ting Chan
		References
	Chapter 7: The delivery and management of women-only sport events and their
future sustainability
		Women’s sport participation evolution
		Research on women-only events
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Nancy Reinisch, Co-Founder/USAT Certified Coach, Roaring Fork Women’s Triathlon Team
		References
	Chapter 8: Women in leadership positions within Canadian sport
		Introduction
		Government actions and organizations working toward gender equity
		Women’s involvement in leadership positions
		Gender-based violence
		Future prospects to achieve gender equity in the Canadian sport system
		Conclusions
		Leader profile: Wendy Pattenden, CEO, Canadian Sport Institute Pacific
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 9: Professional women’s sport in Australia
		Introduction
		History of professional women’s sport in Australia
		Australian Rules Football
		Basketball
		Cricket
		Netball
		Soccer
		Individual professional sports
		New leagues in 2018 and beyond
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Stephanie Beltrame
		References
	Chapter 10: From the battlefield to the board room: the place of gender
in sex-integrated sport
		The evolution of equestrian sport: military, men, and medals
		Participation is not the same as presence and power
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Amanda Bond
		References
	Chapter 11: Migratory process of Brazilian Olympic women
		Introduction
		Methods
		Results
		Migration outcomes for Brazilian women athletes
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Katia Rubio, Ph.D.
		References
	Chapter 12: Management of professional women’s golf in the United States
		History of women’s golf
		League challenges and their implications on growth
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Sandi Higgs, LPGA Vice President – Creative Group and Brand Management
		References
	Chapter 13: Socio-historical development of Korean women’s golf
		The beginning era of golf in Korea
		Junior and college golf organization
		Evolving social issues of golf
		Conclusion
		References
PART III: Economics and financial aspects of women’s sport
	Chapter 14: The relative success story of the WNBA
		Introduction
		Leader profile: Terri Jackson, Director of Operations for the WNBPA
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 15: Public expenditure on women’s sport and gender equality among
recipients of public expenditure in European sport
		Introduction
		Public expenditure on women’s sport
		Recipients of public funding and gender equality
		Effects of increasing gender equality
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Bibiana Steinhaus
		Note
		References
	Chapter 16: The new gender equity in elite women’s sports
		Title IX and elite women’s athletics
		Gender equity and the Amateur Sports Act
		The gender pay gap
		Gender equity in sports: The next frontier
		Implications for the future
		Leader profile: Angela Ruggiero
		References
	Chapter 17: Social entrepreneurship
		What is social entrepreneurship?
		Issues impacting women and girls
		Critiquing sport social entrepreneurship
		Leader profile: Patti Phillips, CEO, Women Leaders in College Sports
		References
	Chapter 18: Business analytics in women’s professional sports
		Growth of analytics in sport
		State of business analytics in US women’s professional sport
		Type of analytics used in women’s professional sports
		Business analytics in men’s professional sports
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Laura Meyer, VP of Business Intelligence, Minnesota Timberwolves & Lynx
		References
PART IV: Leadership and governance
	Chapter 19: Under-representation of women in leadership roles in women’s sport
		Leadership labyrinth
		A multi-level approach
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Amy Huchthausen, Commissioner, America East Conference
		References
	Chapter 20: Women’s roles and positions in European sport organizations:
historical developments and current tendencies
		Introduction: Background and questions
		Female leaders in international sport organizations including the Olympic movement
		Gender arrangements in sports organizations: Women in leading positions in various federations and countries
		Sports organizations as a male preserve: A global phenomenon
		Leader profile: Professor Gudrun Doll-Tepper
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 21: Socio-political context in which the business of women’s sport
takes place in Latin America
		Women in Latin American society
		Women and sport
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: María José Soto Gil
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 22: National sporting organizations and women’s sport participation:
an Australian focus
		Background
		Sport development
		Cricket Australia
		Australian Rules football: The Australian Football League
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Chyloe Kurdas
		References
	Chapter 23: Governance of women’s sport in China
		Girls and women in the history of Chinese sport
		The gender structure in China’s national sport organizations
		Olympic strategy and women
		The rise of sports consumption in China: The changing role of women
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Lijia (Lily) Xu
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 24: Women’s involvement in sport governance: a case study of New Zealand rugby
		Background to the study of sport governance
		Background to the study of women’s involvement in sport governance
		Institutionalization of New Zealand Rugby governance: The forces against change
		Challenges to institutionalization: Forces contributing to change
		Conclusion and directions for research and practice
		Leader profile: Dr. Farah Palmer (based on work by Sophie Parker)
		Acknowledgment
		References
	Chapter 25: Governance of college sport
		Women’s leadership and college sport governance
		Senior Woman Administrator (SWA)
		Gender equity issues in intercollegiate athletics governance
		NCAA Gender-Equity Task Force
		Financial streams and fan support
		Growing women’s sport
		Leadership profile: Val Ackerman, Commissioner, Big East Conference
		References
	Chapter 26: The evolution of women’s rugby
		No place for women in rugby
		The emergence of women’s rugby
		Investing in women’s rugby
		Leadership profile: Jennifer Gray – Regional Services Manager, World Rugby
		References
	Chapter 27: Women and elite coaching in New Zealand: challenges, benefits,
and opportunities
		Introduction
		Current state of play in New Zealand
		Women as elite coaches: the benefits
		Women as elite coaches: the challenges
		Winning at all costs: searching for a different measure of success
		A national strategic approach to developing a pipeline of women coaches
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Haidee Tiffen
		References
PART V: Marketing and consumer behavior
	Chapter 28: Authentically communicating with women consumers: examining successful (and non-successful) branding and marketing efforts
		Speaking to a culture
		What is culture?
		A failure to communicate
		Research and staffing
		Sport marketing: Properly targeting women
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Anna Karefa-Johnson
		References
	Chapter 29: Team identification in women’s sport: what little we know
		The theoretical foundation of team identification
		Team identification
		Team identification in women’s sport
		Women’s sport attendance and viewership
		A path forward
		Leader profile: Kerrilyn Curtin, Director of Market Research and Planning, LPGA
		References
	Chapter 30: Women are sport fans! An examination of female sport fandom
		Female sports fans: Why they matter
		Defining a “fan”
		Cultural shifts
		Transformation of the female sport fan
		Stereotypes and the current view of women as fans
		Women not watching women
		Women as equal “fans”
		Differences between men and women
		Implications for the sport industry
		The future: What affect will data and analytics have on the female sports fan?
		Leader profile: Tracy West
		References
	Chapter 31: Marketing women’s professional tennis
		Gender equality in professional tennis
		Media and marketing representations
		Social media use to promote professional women’s tennis
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Karl Budge, Director, The LIVE Experience
		Note
		References
	Chapter 32: Sexism in marketing women’s sport and female athletes: ineffective and harmful
		Introduction
		The assumption that sex sells
		Female athletes’ perspectives
		Conflicting evidence
		Deleterious effects of sexualized depictions of female athletes
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Cheri Kempf
		References
	Chapter 33: You’re just not our type: an examination of the obstacles faced by women athlete endorsers
		Celebrity athlete endorsement overview
		Source credibility
		Source attractiveness
		Transfer of meaning process
		Match-up hypothesis
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 34: Sponsorship of women’s sport
		History of sponsorship in sport
		Sexism in sponsorship
		Why sponsors need women’s sport
		Sponsorship objectives
		Sponsorship conceptual framework
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Megan Kahn, Executive Director, WeCOACH
		References
PART VI: Media and technology
	Chapter 35: Social media and women’s sport: what have we learned so far
		Media coverage of women’s sport
		Athletes in the digital landscape: Fans’ responses
		Women’s sport fandom in the digital world
		Women sport journalists’ experiences in the digital realm
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: The GIST
		References
	Chapter 36: Female athletes find a place for expression on Instagram
		Discussion
		Leader profile: Andrea Canales
		References
	Chapter 37: Transforming sporting spaces into male spaces: considering sports media practices in an evolving sporting landscape
		The ideological work of sports journalism
		Sports media’s role in constructing women as the athletic other
		Historical connections to the marginalization of women’s sports in media
		Protecting sporting spaces as male spaces
		Connecting content to the producers
		Girl power and sport media
		Conclusion and avenues for future research
		Leader profile: Vicki Michaelis
		References
	Chapter 38: Netball: carving out media and corporate success in the game for all girls
		Introduction
		Netball in New Zealand
		Going semi-professional: The trans-Tasman ANZ Championship (2008–2016)
		The growth of social media
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Kate Buchanan
		Note
		References
	Chapter 39: Deserving of attention: traditional media coverage and the use of social media by female athletes with disabilities
		Framing of athletes with disabilities
		Characterizations of women athletes with disabilities
		Paralympic Games and coverage of athletes with disabilities
		Female athletes competing in the Paralympic Games
		Financial concerns for women athletes with disabilities
		Women athletes with disabilities’ use of social media
		The IPC’s digital media guidelines (IPC, 2017)
		The future
		Leader profile: Alana Nichols
		References
	Chapter 40: Sport, sponsors, and sponsor fit: media presentations of Norwegian women athletes in Olympic events
		Introduction
		The media presentation of women athletes and teams during four events
		Collective smiles and tears: Handball YOG 2014 and OG 2016
		Medals and tears: Cross-country skiing YOG 2016 and OG 2014
		Women athletes, team values, (lack of) coverage, and sponsors
		Leader profile: Jorunn Horgen
		Note
		References
	Chapter 41: Media coverage of women athletes during the Olympic Games
		Introduction
		Olympic media coverage devoted to women
		Opportunities for women Olympic athletes via social media
		Conclusion
		Leader profile: Nastia Liukin
		References
Conclusion
	Media
	Marketing
	Consumers
	Management
	Academia
	Final thoughts
	References
Index