Routes to Reform Education Politics in Latin America

Cover
Routes to Reform
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
PART I THEORY AND ARGUMENTS
	1. Introduction: The Contentious Politics of Education
		I. Introduction: Actors and Factors
		II. From Quantity to Quality
		III. Why Learning Lags: An Empty Policy Space
		IV. Bottom-​Up and Top-​Down Routes to Reforming Teacher Careers
		V. Country Cases of Reforms to Teacher Careers
		VI. Conclusions: Underdeveloped Theory
	2. Theorizing on Education Politics: Macro to Micro
		I. Introduction: Thin and Disjointed Literatures
		II. Democracy Boosts Quantity but Not Quality
		III. Social Class and Education as Redistribution
		IV. Education as Human Capital: Business, Skills, and Varieties of Capitalism
		V. Education as Political Fodder I: Clientelist Politicians
		VI. Education as Political Fodder II: Political Machine Unions
		VII. Micro Drivers: Technocracy
		VIII. Micro Shapers: Civil Society and Policy Networks
		IX. Conclusions: Most but Not All
PART II REFORM CASES
	3. Bottom-​Up Reform in Chile: Electoral Mobilization, Policy Networks, and Civil Society
		I. Introduction
		II. Summary of the National Teacher Policy
		III. Key Stakeholders in Policy Debates
		IV. Reform Unfolding: Electoral Mobilization and Policy Networks
		V. Finishing Touches: Civil Society and the Teacher Union
		VI. Conclusions
	4. From Bottom Up to Top Down in Ecuador
		I. Introduction
		II. Teacher Career Reforms, 2006–​2017
		III. Fewer Main Stakeholders
		IV. Reform Dynamics
		V. Conclusions
	5. Top-​Down Reform: Unions and Technocrats in Colombia and Peru
		I. Introduction
		II. Colombia: Slowing Reform to Bypass the Union
		III. Peru: Staying Alive through Turbulent Times
			IV.	Conclusions
	6. Union Blockage and Clientelist Backlash in Mexico, South Africa, and Rio de Janeiro
		I. Introduction: Filling the Empty Space
		II. Reform in Mexico: Imposed from above, Dismantled from above
		III. Stymied Reforms in South Africa
		IV. Clientelism Redux in Rio de Janeiro
		V. Conclusions
PART III COMPARISONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	7. Brazil: Innovating in the States
		I. Introduction
		II. Principal Protagonists: Business Philanthropy, Political Parties, and Teacher Unions
		III. Ceará: Scaling Up Sobral
		IV. Pernambuco: Leveraging New Schools to Improve Quality
		V. Merit Reforms in São Paulo
		VI. National Reforms: Redistributive Finance and Common Curriculum
		VII. Comparisons and Conclusions
	8. Parties, Coalitions, and Routes to Technical Education
		I. Introduction: An Emptier Policy Space
		II. Cross-​National Variations and the Middle-​Class Slant in Latin America
		III. Markets and Left Parties in Chile
		IV. Left Parties and Ramping Up in Brazil
		V. The SME Alliance in Turkey
		VI. Conclusions
	9. Conclusions
		I. Introduction: A Summary Guide to Routes
		II. Moving Masses and Problematizing Organizations, Bureaucracies, and Networks
		III. Back to Inequality and Development
Appendices (B–​E online)
	A. Interviews
	B. Ministers of Education: Technocrats or Politicians
	C. Governors and Parties in Brazil, 1999– 2022
	D. Protests and Demands in Education
	E. Civil Society in Education
Bibliography
Index