Robotics in Neurosurgery: Principles and Practice

Foreword
Introduction
Contents
Contributors
Part I: General Principles
	Chapter 1: Robotics in Neurosurgery: Overture
		Introduction
		Clinical Applications
			SEEG
			Radio-Frequency Thermocoagulation and Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy
			Deep Brain Stimulation
			Biopsy
			Neuroendoscopy
			Spine Surgery
			Other Procedures
		Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives
		History of Robotic Surgery
		Surgical Applications
			Orthopedics
			Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery
			From Cardiac Surgery to General Surgery/Urology/Gynecology
			Cardio-Thoracic
		The Future of Robotic Surgery
			Miniaturization
			Vision
			Autonomy
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: General Principles of Robotics
		Introduction to Medical Robotics
			Robots at a Glance
			Standards for Medical Robots
			Robotic Autonomy
			Fields of Application of Robotics in Health-Care
		Robot-Assisted Surgery
			Fundamentals of Robotics
				Basic Concepts
				Robot Kinematics
				Architecture
				Control and Interfacing
				Haptics
			Robots in the Operating Room
				Passive and Active Robots
				Tele-surgical Systems
				Shared-Control Systems
				Supervisory Controlled Systems
				Stereotactic Workflow
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 4: Image Guidance for Intracranial Surgery with Supervisory-Control Robots
		Introduction
		Strategical Planning
		Principles and Terminology of Trajectory Planning
		Multimodal Image-Guided Trajectory Planning
			Coordinate Systems
			Medical Images and 3D Localization of Anatomical Structures
			3D Visualization
			Registrations
				Image-to-Image Registration
				Image-to-Patient Registration
		Intra- and Postoperative Verification of Probe Positioning
			Application Accuracy
		Future Perspectives
		Conclusion
		References
Part II: Robot Assisted Neurosurgery: Clinical Applications
	Chapter 5: Robotics in Functional Neurosurgery
		Background of Robotic Surgery
		Techniques for Performing Robotic Surgery and Robot Types
			Planning and Registration
			Operation
		Complication Profile of Robotic Surgery and Literature Review
		Pointers for Complication Avoidance or Workflow Improvement
		References
	Chapter 6: Robotics in Epilepsy Surgery
		Introduction
		Robotic SEEG
			SEEG Planning
			The Surgical Implantation
			Results of SEEG Robotic Implantations
		Robotic Ablative Procedures
		Robotic Placement of Responsive Neurostimulation Electrodes
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 7: Robotic SEEG-Guided Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation
		History and Principles of SEEG-Guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation
		Modus Operandi
		Indications and Results: Review
			Indications
				Selection of Targets for RF-TC
				Safety Profile of RF-TC
				Seizure Outcome
		Refinements Provided by Robotic SEEG Implantation
		Conclusions, Perspectives
		References
	Chapter 8: Robotics in Laser Ablation Procedures
		Introduction
			Neuro-Oncological Applications
			Epilepsy Applications
		References
	Chapter 9: Nuances of Robotics Applied in Children
		Introduction
		General Considerations
			Head Immobilisation
			Image Registration
			Safety in Moving the Patient
		Procedure-Specific Considerations
			Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)
			Biopsies
			MRI-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LiTT) for Epilepsy
			Deep Brain Stimulation or Lesioning
			Endoscopic Procedures
			Convection-Enhanced Drug Delivery
			Spinal Surgery
			Endovascular Neurosurgery
			Foetal Neurosurgery
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 10: Robot-Assisted Endoscopy
		Introduction
		Methods
			Preoperative Planning
			Intraoperative Phase
		Procedures
			Management of CSF Circulation Disorders
			Disconnection of Hypothalamic Hamartomas
			Management of Intraventricular Tumors
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 11: Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Biopsy
		Introduction
		Past Neurosurgical Procedure Before 3D Intraoperative Imaging
		Current Neurosurgical Procedure Using 3D Intraoperative Imaging
		Literature Review of Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Biopsy
		The Sainte-Anne Experience of Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Biopsy
		The Complications of Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Biopsies
		Classical Pitfalls in Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Biopsies
		Perspectives
		References
	Chapter 12: Robot-Assisted Drug Delivery to the Brain
		A Brief History of Drug Delivery to the Brain
			Intraventricular Infusion
			Intraparenchymal Drug Injection
			The Challenges of CED
				Minimisation of Tissue Trauma
				Achieving Drug Distribution Through Clinically Relevant Brain Volumes
			Robot-Assisted CED—Application in Parkinson’s Disease and Neuro-Oncology
				A Randomised Trial of Intermittent Intraputamenal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Parkinson’s Disease
			Future Applications of Robot-Assisted Drug Delivery to the Brain
				Local Drug Delivery for Drug-Resistant Epilepsies
				Main Directions of Research
				Promising Studies
			Benefits and Drawbacks of Robotics in Drug Delivery to the Brain
		References
	Chapter 13: Robotics in Radiosurgery
		Brief History of Radiosurgery
		Introduction of Robotics in Radiosurgery
		Incorporation of Advanced Robotics
		Role of Robotic in LINAC Radiosurgery
		CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System
		Summary
		References
	Chapter 14: Robotic Navigated Laser Craniotomy: Current Applications and Future Developments
		Introduction
		Methods and Materials
			Planning and Robotic Laser Device
			Procedure
			Data Analysis
		Results
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 15: Small Footprint Stereotactic Robotic Devices
		Small Footprint Devices
		Stealth Autoguide
		Percutaneous Interventional Radiological Procedures
		Preclinical Cranial Studies
		Brain Biopsy
		Stereoelectroencephalography
		Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy
		Experimental Indications
		CIRQ
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 16: Robotics in Spine Procedures
		Introduction
		Historical Foundation
		General Overview
			Computer-Assisted Navigation
		Screw Placement Procedure
		Current Commercial Systems
			Mazor SpineAssist
			Mazor Renaissance
			Mazor X
			Mazor X Stealth Edition
			ROSA Spine
			ROSA ONE Spine
			Globus Medical Excelsius
			Intuitive Surgical: da Vinci Surgical System®
		Accuracy
		Radiation Safety
		Estimated Blood Loss
		Learning Curve
		Limitations of Current Technology
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Rehabilitation and Assistive Robots
	Chapter 17: Rehabilitation and Assistive Robotics: Shared Principles and Common Applications
		Introduction
		Robots for Rehabilitation
		Robots for Assistance
		Perspectives
		References
	Chapter 18: A Brief Summary of the Article: “An Exoskeleton Controlled by an Epidural Wireless Brain-Machine Interface in a Tetraplegic Patient: A Proof-of-Concept Demonstration”
		Reference
Part IV: Special Topics
	Chapter 19: Robotics in Neurosurgical Training
		Introduction
		Historical Perspective
		Robotic Types
		Dependent Systems
		Autonomous Systems
		Shared Control Systems
		Utilization of Robotics in Neurosurgery
		Benefits and Limitations of Robotics in Neurosurgery
		Augmented Reality
		Neurosurgical Training
		Robot-Assisted Surgical Training
			Advantages
			Limitations
			Prerequisites
		Future Directions
		References
Correction to: Image Guidance for Intracranial Surgery with  Supervisory-Control Robots
	Correction to: Chapter 4 in: J. A. González Martínez, F. Cardinale (eds.), Robotics in Neurosurgery, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08380-8_4
Conclusions
References
Index