Robotic Technologies in Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
List of Contributors
Chapter 1 IoT-Integrated Robotics in the Health Sector
	Introduction
	History
	Health Robotics
	Applications of Robotics in the Health Sector
	The Health IoT
	IoT-Based Robotics Framework
	Discussion
	Opportunities and Challenges
	Future Insights
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 2 Microrobots and Nanorobots in the Refinement of Modern Healthcare Practices
	Introduction: What are ‘Nanorobots’?
	Types of Nanorobots
	Fabrication Techniques and Materials
	Size, Structure, and Design
	Mobility, Communication, and Swarming
		Propulsion and Mobility
		Communication and the Swarming Behavior
	Application of Nanorobots in Medicine
	Challenges, Constraints, and Loose Ends
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3 Communicable Diseases and COVID-19: A Complementary and Holistic Care with Robotic Renaissance
	Introduction
	Communicable Diseases
	History of Infectious Diseases
	COVID-19 Pandemic and Pandemic Fear
		Pandemic
		Alarm Pheromones and Second-Hand Stress
	Levels of Communicable Infections
		Exposure Phase
		Infection Phase
		Infectious Disease Phase
		Outcome Phase
	Terminologies and Definition
		Carrier
		Contact
		Incubation Period
		Isolation
		Period of Communicability/Communicable Period
		Quarantine
	COVID-19 and Communicable Diseases
		Structure of Coronavirus
		Transmission of the Virus
		Clinical Features of COVID-19
		Conventional Management
	Complementary Care of COVID-19
	Governance Management of Pandemic
	Digital Care and COVID-19
	Robotic Care and Communicable Diseases
	Robotic Renaissance
		Veebot – The Robotic Investigator
		RP-7 – Robotic Physician
		RIBA – Robotic Nurse (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance)
		Bush Robot – Robotic Surgeon
		Virtibot – A Robot in Forensic Imaging
		Stevie Robot
		The Violet Robot
		The Sterilization Robots
		Drones
		Transport and Delivery Robots
	Holistic Herbal Care
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 4 ASBGo: A Smart Walker for Ataxic Gait and Posture Assessment, Monitoring, and Rehabilitation
	Introduction
	Walkers as Aids of Locomotion
		Conventional Walkers
		Smart Walkers
			Stability and Physical Support
			User’s Motion Intention Decoding
			Navigation Assistance
			Sensorial Feedback and Health Monitoring
			Safety Mechanisms
	ASBGo: System Overview, Architecture, Functionalities, and Future Perspectives
		From Prototype I to ASBGo
		System Overview
		System Architecture
		Functionalities
			Users’ Motion Intention Decoding
			Navigation Assistance
			Sensorial Feedback and Health Monitoring
			Cognitive Stimulation
			Safety Mechanisms
		Clinical Evaluation
			Cases of Study
			Intervention
			Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters
			Postural Stability
			Results and Discussion
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 5 Analyzing and Comparing MLP, CNN, and LSTM for Classification of Heart Arrhythmia Using ECG Scans
	Introduction
	Literature Review
	Methodology
		Description of a Dataset
		Data Augmentation
		Internet of Things (IoT) Approach
		Feature selection via Neural Networks
		Feature Selection Via a Convolutional Neural Network
		Feature Selection Via LSTM
		Algorithm Proposed (Figures 5.10–5.12)
		Model Architecture (Figure 5.13)
		Experimental Setup
	Results and Analysis
		Neural Network
		1D Convolutional Neural Network
		LSTM
	Accuracy and Loss Plots
		NN
		CNN
	ROC-AUC Curves
		NN
		CNN
		LSTM
	Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Chapter 6 AI-Powered Robotics and COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities
	Introduction
	Opportunities
		The General Surge of 3D Printing during COVID-19
		Testing Done by Autonomous Robots in a Bid to Protect Frontline Warriors
		Digital Communication during the Pandemic
		Robotic Guidance and Assistance for a Much Better Life
		Robots in the Medical Supply Chain
		Perfect for Deliveries during this Pandemic
		Social Robots
		Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring Systems
		Benefits of Robotic Surgery
		Triage and Risk Management
	Challenges
		Expensive
		Privacy Issues
		Recognition Issues
		Movement Latency
		Safety and Security Issues
		Ethics
		Employment Issues
		Dignity Issues
		Attribution of Liability Issues
		Better Power Sources
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7 Analyze App Health for Ensuring Better Decision-Making and Improved Secure Outcomes
	Introduction
	Machine Learning in Healthcare Applications
	Robotics in HealthCare
	Privacy and Security Issues in HealthCare Apps
	Research Questions
	Healthcare Apps: Uses and Benefits
	Decision-Making in Healthcare Apps
	Issues and Challenges in HealthCare Applications
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8 Intelligent Robots in the Disease Recovery Process Using a Whale Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Classification Model
	Introduction
	The WOA-FRBC Model
		The WOA-FS Model
			Solution Representation
			Fitness Function
		The FRBC Model
	Experimental Results Analysis
		Results Analysis on the Cleveland Dataset
		Results Analysis on the Statlog Dataset
		Results Analysis on the Wisconsin Dataset
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9 Biomedical Healthcare Robot Movement Control Using an EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interface with an Optimized Kernel Extreme Learning Machine
	Introduction
	The Proposed BCI-OKELM Model
		Data Acquisition Using BCI and Robots
		Data Preprocessing
		KELM-Based Classification
		IPSO-Based Parameter Tuning of the KELM Model
			Initializing the Optimization Problem and Algorithm Parameters
			Calculating the Fitness Values
			Updating Velocity and Position Vectors
			Changing the Inertial Weight
			Going to Step 3 Until the Termination Criterion Is Met
	Experimental Evaluation
	Conclusion
	References
Index