Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java

Rich Forests, Poor People
	CONTENTS
	ILLUSTRATIONS
		Maps
		Tables
		Figures
		Photographs
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
	A NOTE ON SPELLING
	PART ONE INTRODUCTION
		One Structures of Access Control, Repertoires of Resistance
			The Ideology and Political Economy of State Forestry
			Land, State Forests, and Cultures of Control
			Forest Based Cultures of Resistance
			Defining Forest Access Control and Forest-Based Resistance
			Setting
				The Forests of Java
				The Forest Villages of Java
			Overview
	PART TWO TRADITIONS OF FOREST CONTROL IN JAVA
		Two Gaining Access to People and Trees
			Traditional Access to Java's Forests
			Preolonial Forest Dwellers
			Precolonial Forest Ideology and Control
			Kings and Commoners: Forest Domain
			The Voc: Controlling Trees and People
		Three The Emergence of "Scientific" Forestry in Colonial Java
			Consolidating Control: the Forests of Java Under the Colonial State
			Laws and Forest Management
			State Forest Management and Labor Control
				The Blandongdiensten and Beyond
				Village Rules of Forest Access
			Village Social Relations Based on Private and Communal Land
			Reforestation Labor
			The Consolidation of Forest Land Control
			Conflicts in Ideologies of Forest Access and Control
			Resistance
				The Samin Movement
			Forestay and People: the Continuing Debates on Wood Theft
			Summary: Early Forest History
	PART THREE STATE FORESTS AND CHANGES IN STATE
		Four Organized Forest Violence, Reorganized Forest Access, 1942-1966
			A Model for Change and Collective Action
			The Japanese and Forestry
			The Republic of Indonesia and the New Forest Service
			Forest Destruction by the People
			After the Revolution: Consolidating Access Control
			Di/Tii
			The Military
			PKI
			The Policies of the Forestry Establishment
			The Climax: Forest-Based Agrarian War
			Summary
		Five State Power to Persist: Contemporary Forms of Forest Access Control
			Old and New in New Order Forestry
				Management Constraints at the Field Level
				New Order Ideology and Forest Control
				Forest Land Control
				Species Control
				Labor Control
			New Problems in New Order Forestry
				The Political Economy of Teak in Java
			Foresters' Resistance to Structural Change: Efforts to Develop Forest Villages
				The Ad Hoc Approach
				Early Efforts at Social Forestry
			Summary
	PART FOUR PEASANT POWER TO RESIST
		Six A Forest Without Trees
			Kalianjat
			The Forest Setting
			The Forest Village
			Contemporary Constraints on Villagers' Land-Use Decisions
				Access to Village Land
				Production Relations on Village Lands: Land and Tree Tenure
				Trees on Private Lands
				Access to Forest Land
				Household Reproduction and Capital Accumulation from Reforestation Activities
				Production Relations on Forest Lands
				Access to Trees and Other Crops on Forest Lands
				Persil Lands
			Other Income-Earning Opportunities and Access Qualifications
				Forest-Related Employment
				Local Nonforest Employment
			Local Forest History
				Forest and Village Land Use Before 1911
				Forest Controls, 1911-1942
				Japanese Occupation
				Rebellion and Resistance
				Jaman Aman (The Safe Period)
				Resistance Without Rebellion: the New Order
			Contemporary Reforestation: People Against Foresters and Forests
			Conclusion: Political, Economic, and Ideological Survival Strategies
		Seven Teak and Temptation on the Extreme Periphery: Cultural Perspectives on Forest Crime
			The Setting
			Income and Employment in the Teak Zone
			External Demand, Local Production
			Networks
			The Other Networks
			Cultures of Control and Resistance
			Indicators of Resistance: Crime and Punishment
			Changing the Rules and Taking Control
			Counterresistance: the Field Foresters' Tactics
			Discovery and Cover-Up
			Resistance and Desperation
			Conclusion: Tipping the Balance
	PART FIVE CONCLUSION
		Eight Toward Integrated Social Forestry
			The Role of the State in Developing the Social and Natural Environment
			Structure of Access to the "New" Social Forestry Program
			Problems Within the Access Structure
			Contradictions in the Field Foresters' Roles
			Structural Factors Precluding the Involvement of the Poor
			Ideological Obstacles to Successful Social Forestry Projects
			Administrative Solutions or Restructuring?
	APPENDIX A: A "LONG VIEW" OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN
	APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY
		A
		B
		C
		D
		F
		G
		H
		J
		K
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		R
		S
		T
		U
		V
		W
		Z
	APPENDIX C: STATE CONSOLIDATION OF FOREST LANDS, 1839-1985
	APPENDIX D: TEAK PRODUCTION, 1896-1985
	NOTES
		Chapter One Structures of Access Control
		Chapter Two Gaining Access to People and Trees
		Chapter Three The Emergence of "Scientific" Forestry
		Chapter 4 Organized Forest Violence
		Chapter 5 State Power to Persist
		Chapter 6 A Forest Without Trees
		Chapter Seven Teak and Temptation
		Chapter Eight Toward Integrated Social Forestry
	REFERENCES
		A Note on Sources
		Published References
	INDEX
		A
		B
		C
		D
		E
		F
		G
		H
		I
		J
		K
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		R
		S
		T
		V
		W