Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 1: Polymer Rheology

Cover Page......Page 1
Title: RHEOLOGY AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS, Volume 2 - Polymer Processing......Page 4
ISBN 0195187830......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Contents (with page links)......Page 12
Remarks on Volume 2......Page 18
Part I Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers......Page 20
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.2.1 Flow Patterns in a Rectangular Channel......Page 23
1.2.3 Analysis of Flow through a Rectangular Channel......Page 25
1.3 Flow in the Entrance Region of a Slit Die......Page 39
1.4 Flow through a Converging or Tapered Channel......Page 44
1.5 Exit Region Flow......Page 51
1.6 Flow through a Channel Having Small Side Holes or Slots......Page 54
1.7 Analysis of Flow in a Coat-Hanger Die......Page 59
1.7.1 Analysis of Flow in the Manifold......Page 61
1.7.2 Analysis of Flow in the Coat-Hanger Section......Page 64
1.8 Summary......Page 67
Problems......Page 68
Notes......Page 72
References......Page 73
2.1 Introduction......Page 75
2.2 Performance of Plasticating Single-Screw Extruders for Semicrystalline Polymers......Page 76
2.2.1 Analysis of the Solid-Conveying Section......Page 78
2.2.2 Analysis of the Melting Section......Page 79
2.2.3 Analysis of Melt-Conveying Section......Page 86
2.2.4 Comparison of Prediction with Experiment......Page 87
2.3 Performance of Fluted Mixing Heads in a Plasticating Single-Screw Extruder......Page 104
2.3.1 Analysis of the Flow through the Maddock Mixing Head......Page 105
2.3.2 Comparison of Prediction with Experiment......Page 109
2.4 Performance of Plasticating Barrier-Screw Extruders......Page 117
2.4.1 Stability of the Solid Bed in a Plasticating Barrier-Screw Extruder......Page 121
2.4.2 Analysis of the Performance of Plasticating Barrier-Screw Extruders......Page 126
2.4.3 Comparison of Prediction with Experiment......Page 130
2.5 Performance of Plasticating Single-Screw Extruders for Amorphous Polymers......Page 133
2.5.1 The Concept of Critical Flow Temperature......Page 134
2.5.2 Analysis of Plasticating Extrusion of Amorphous Polymers......Page 135
2.5.3 Comparison of Prediction with Experiment......Page 138
2.6 Summary......Page 147
Notes......Page 148
References......Page 149
3.1 Introduction......Page 151
3.2 Morphology Evolution in Immiscible Polymer Blend during Compounding in an Internal Mixer......Page 153
3.2.1 Morphology Evolution in Blends Consisting of Two Semicrystalline Polymers......Page 156
3.2.2 Morphology Evolution in Blends Consisting of Two Amorphous Polymers......Page 159
3.2.3 Morphology Evolution in Blends Consisting of an Amorphous Polymer and a Semicrystalline Polymer......Page 163
3.3 Morphology Evolution in Immiscible Polymer Blend during Compounding in a Twin-Screw Extruder......Page 173
3.3.1 Morphology Evolution in Blends Consisting of Two Amorphous Polymers......Page 175
3.3.2 Morphology Evolution in Blends Consisting of an Amorphous Polymer and a Semicrystalline Polymer......Page 180
3.4 Stability of Co-Continuous Morphology during Compounding......Page 188
3.5 Summary......Page 193
Appendix: Theoretical Interpretation of Figure 3.34......Page 196
References......Page 198
4.1 Introduction......Page 200
4.2 Experimental Observations of Compatibilization of Two Immiscible Homopolymers Using a Block Copolymer......Page 205
4.2.1 A/B/(A-block-B) Ternary Blends......Page 206
4.2.2 A/B/(A-block-C) Ternary Blends......Page 213
4.2.3 A/B/(C-block-D) Ternary Blends......Page 229
4.3 Reactive Compatibilization of Two Immiscible Polymers......Page 243
4.4 Summary......Page 248
Notes......Page 250
References......Page 251
5.1 Introduction......Page 254
5.2 Analysis of Wire-Coating Extrusion......Page 255
5.3 Experimental Observations......Page 264
5.4 Summary......Page 272
Problems......Page 274
References......Page 275
6.1 Introduction......Page 276
6.2.1 Melt Spinning Process......Page 277
6.2.2 Wet Spinning Process......Page 279
6.2.3 Dry Spinning Process......Page 281
6.2.4 Other Fiber Spinning Processes......Page 282
6.3 High-Speed Melt Spinning......Page 287
6.3.1 Experimental Observations of High-Speed Melt Spinning......Page 288
6.3.2 Modeling of High-Speed Melt Spinning......Page 292
6.3.3 Model Prediction and Comparison with Experiment......Page 303
6.4 Spinnability......Page 313
6.5 Summary......Page 315
Problems......Page 316
Notes......Page 319
References......Page 321
7.1 Introduction......Page 324
7.2 Processing Characteristics of Tubular Film Blowing......Page 326
7.2.1 Kinematics and Stress Field in Tubular Film Blowing......Page 327
7.2.2 Tensile Stresses at the Freeze Line and Processing–Property Relationships in Tubular Film Blowing......Page 330
7.3 Analysis of Tubular Film Blowing Including Extrudate Swell......Page 336
7.3.1 Force Balance Equation......Page 338
7.3.2 Energy Balance Equation......Page 341
7.3.3 Viscoelastic Constitutive Equation......Page 342
7.3.4 Analysis of Tubular Film Blowing in the Extrudate Swell Region......Page 345
7.3.5 Analysis of Tubular Film Blowing in the Stretching Region......Page 348
7.3.6 Model Predictions and Comparison with Experiment......Page 349
7.4 Tubular Film Blowability......Page 360
7.5 Summary......Page 365
Notes......Page 367
References......Page 368
8.1 Introduction......Page 370
8.2 Flow of Molten Polymer through a Runner......Page 373
8.3.1 Flow Patterns during Mold Filling......Page 377
8.3.2 Governing System Equations for Mold Filling of Amorphous Polymers......Page 382
8.3.3 Molecular Orientation during Mold Filling and Residual Stress in Injection Molded Articles......Page 385
8.4.1 Crystallization during Injection Molding......Page 389
8.4.2 Governing System Equations for Injection Molding of Semicrystalline Polymers......Page 391
8.4.3 Morphology of Injected-Molded Semicrystalline Polymers......Page 392
8.5 Summary......Page 394
References......Page 395
9.1 Introduction......Page 398
9.2.1 Feedblock Die System for Flat-Film or Sheet Coextrusion......Page 401
9.2.2 Multimanifold Die System for Flat-Film or Sheet Coextrusion......Page 402
9.2.3 Feedblock Die System for Blown-Film Coextrusion......Page 403
9.2.4 Rotating-Mandrel Die System for Blown-Film Coextrusion......Page 405
9.3 Polymer…Polymer Interdiffusion across the Initially Sharp and Flat Interface......Page 407
9.3.1 Polymer–Polymer Interdiffusion under Static Conditions......Page 408
9.3.2 Polymer–Polymer Interdiffusion in the Shear Flow Field......Page 419
9.4 Nonisothermal Coextrusion......Page 426
9.5 Summary......Page 436
Appendix: Derivation of Equation (9.36)......Page 437
Problems......Page 438
References......Page 440
10.1 Introduction......Page 443
10.2.1 Solubility of Gases in a Molten Polymer......Page 444
10.2.2 Diffusivity of Gases in a Molten Polymer......Page 452
10.3 Bubble Nucleation in Polymeric Liquids......Page 462
10.3.1 Experimental Observations of Bubble Nucleation......Page 465
10.3.2 Theoretical Considerations of Bubble Nucleation in Polymer Solutions......Page 481
10.4 Foam Extrusion......Page 487
10.4.1 Processing–Property–Morphology Relationships in Pro.le Foam Extrusion......Page 488
10.4.2 Processing–Property Relationships in Sheet Foam Extrusion......Page 501
10.5 Summary......Page 506
Problems......Page 507
References......Page 508
Part II Processing of Thermosets......Page 512
11.1 Introduction......Page 514
11.2 Analysis of Reaction Injection Molding......Page 516
11.2.1 Main Flow......Page 517
11.2.2 Front Flow......Page 520
11.2.3 Cure Stage......Page 521
11.3 Conversion and Temperature Pro“les during Mold Filling......Page 522
11.4 Summary......Page 531
Problems......Page 532
Notes......Page 533
References......Page 534
12.1 Introduction......Page 536
12.2 Effect of Mixed Initiators on the Cure Kinetics of Unsaturated Polyester......Page 538
12.3 Cure Kinetics of Unsaturated Polyester/Fiber Composite......Page 544
12.4.1 General System Equations......Page 547
12.4.2 System Equations with an Empirical Kinetic Model......Page 549
12.5 Conversion and Temperature Pro“les in a Pultrusion Die......Page 550
12.6 Summary......Page 559
Problems......Page 560
References......Page 561
13.1 Introduction......Page 563
13.2 Thickening Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester......Page 566
13.3 Effect of Pressure on the Curing of Unsaturated Polyester......Page 571
13.4 Analysis of Compression Molding of Unsaturated Polyester/Glass Fiber Composite......Page 580
13.5 Time Evolution of Temperature during Compression Molding of Unsaturated Polyester/Glass Fiber Composite......Page 583
13.6 Summary......Page 587
References......Page 588
Author Index (with page links)......Page 590
Subject Index (with page links)......Page 597