RF Circuits For 5G Applications. Designing with mmWave Circuitry

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part I: 5G Communication
	Chapter 1 Needs and Challenges of the 5th Generation Communication Network
		1.1 Introduction
			1.1.1 What is 5G and Do We Need 5G?
			1.1.2 A Brief History of Gs
		1.2 mmWave Spectrum, Challenges, and Opportunities
		1.3 Framework Level Requirements for mmWave Wireless Links
		1.4 Circuit Aspects
		1.5 Outline of the Book
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 2 5G Circuits from Requirements to System Models and Analysis
		2.1 RF Requirements Governed by 5G System Targets
		2.2 Radio Spectrum and Standardization
		2.3 System Scalability
		2.4 Communication System Model for RF System Analysis
		2.5 System-Level RF Performance Model
			2.5.1 Transmitter, Receiver, Antenna Array and Transceiver Architectures for RF and Hybrid Beamforming
		2.6 Radio Propagation and Link Budget
			2.6.1 Radio Propagation Model
			2.6.2 Link Budgeting
		2.7 Multiuser Multibeam Analysis
		2.8 Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 3 Millimetre-Wave Beam-Space MIMO System for 5G Applications
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Beam-Space Massive MIMO System
			3.2.1 System Model
			3.2.2 Saleh-Valenzuela Channel Model
		3.3 Array Response Vector
			3.3.1 mmWave Beam-Space Massive (mWBSM)-MIMO System
		3.4 Discrete Lens Antenna Array
		3.5 Beam Selection Algorithm
		3.6 Mean Sum Assignment-Based Beam User Association
			3.6.1 Performance Evaluation
		3.7 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Oscillator & Amplifier
	Chapter 4 Gain-Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques for mmWave Fully-Integrated Amplifiers
		4.1 RLC Tank
			4.1.1 RC Low-Pass (LP) Filter
			4.1.2 RLC Band-Pass (BP) Filter
		4.2 Coupled Resonators
			4.2.1 Bode-Fano (B-F) Limit
			4.2.2 Capacitively Coupled Resonators
			4.2.3 Inductively Coupled Resonators
			4.2.4 Magnetically Coupled Resonators
			4.2.5 Magnetically and Capacitive Coupled Resonator
			4.2.6 Coupled Resonators Comparison
		4.3 Resonators Based on the Transformers
			4.3.1 On the Parasitic Interwinding Capacitance
			4.3.2 Effect of Unbalanced Capacitive Terminations
			4.3.3 Frequency Response Equalization
			4.3.4 On the Parasitic Magnetic Coupling in Multistage Amplifiers
			4.3.5 Extension to Impedance Transformation
			4.3.6 On the kQ Product
			4.3.7 Transformer-Based Power Dividers (PDs)
			4.3.8 Transformer-Based Power Combiners (PCs)
		4.4 Conclusion
		Acknowledgments
		References
	Chapter 5 Low-Noise Amplifiers
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Basics of RFIC
			5.2.1 Voltage Gain in dB
			5.2.2 Power Gain in dB
			5.2.3 Issues in RF Design
		5.3 Structure of MOSFET
		5.4 Bandwidth Estimation Techniques
		5.5 Noise
			5.5.1 Noise in MOSFET
		5.6 Different Topologies of LNA
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 6 Mixer Design
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Properties
		6.3 Diode Mixer
		6.4 Transistor Mixer
		6.5 Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 7 RF LC VCOs Designing
		7.1 Introduction
			7.1.1 Basic VCO Models
			7.1.2 Phase Noise
			7.1.3 Flicker Noise
			7.1.4 Distributed Oscillators
		7.2 Tuning Extension Techniques
			7.2.1 Varactor
			7.2.2 Switched Capacitors
			7.2.3 Switched Inductors
			7.2.4 Switched TLs
			7.2.5 4th Order Tanks and Other Techniques
		7.3 Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 8 RF Power Amplifiers
		8.1 Specification
			8.1.1 Efficiency
			8.1.2 Generic Amplifier Classes
			8.1.3 Heating
			8.1.4 Linearity
			8.1.5 Ruggedness
		8.2 Bipolar PA Design
		8.3 CMOS Power Amplifier Design
			8.3.1 Performance Parameters
				8.3.1.1 Linearity
				8.3.1.2 Gain
				8.3.1.3 Efficiency
				8.3.1.4 Output Power
				8.3.1.5 Power Consumption
			8.3.2 Drawbacks of CMOS Power Amplifier
			8.3.3 Design of CMOS Power Amplifier
				8.3.3.1 Common Cascode PA Design
				8.3.3.2 Self-Bias Cascode PA Design
				8.3.3.3 Differential Cascode PA Design
				8.3.3.4 Power Combining PA Design
		8.4 Linearization Principles: Predistortion Technique, Phase-Correcting Feedback, Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER), Cartesian Feedback
			8.4.1 Predistortion Linearization Technique
			8.4.2 Phase Correcting Feedback Technique
			8.4.3 Cartesian Feedback Technique
			8.4.4 Envelope Elimination and Restoration Technique
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 9 RF Oscillators
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Specifications
			9.2.1 Frequency and Tuning
			9.2.2 Tuning Constant and Linearity
			9.2.3 Power Dissipation
			9.2.4 Phase to Noise Ratio
			9.2.5 Reciprocal Mixing
			9.2.6 Signal to Noise Degradation of FM Signals Spurious Emission
			9.2.7 Harmonics, I/Q Matching, Technology and Chip Area
		9.3 LC Oscillators
			9.3.1 Frequency, Tuning and Phase Noise Frequency Tuning Phase Noise to Carrier Ratio
			9.3.2 Topologies
			9.3.3 NMOS Only Cross-Coupled Structure
			9.3.4 RC Oscillators
		9.4 Design Examples
			9.4.1 830 MHz Monolithic LC Oscillator Circuit Design Measurements
			9.4.2 A 10 GHz I/Q RC Oscillator with Active Inductors
		9.5 Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
Part III: RF Circuit Applications
	Chapter 10 mmWave Highly-Linear Broadband Power Amplifiers
		10.1 Basics of PAs
			10.1.1 Single Transistor Amplifier
			10.1.2 Trade-Offs Among Power Amplifier Design Parameters (P0, PAE and Linearity)
			10.1.3 Harmonic Terminations and Switching Amplifiers
			10.1.4 Challenges at Millimeter-Wave
		10.2 Millimeter Wave-Based AB Class PA
			10.2.1 Efficiency at Power Back-Off
			10.2.2 Sources of AM-PM Distortion
			10.2.3 Distortion Cancellation Techniques
				10.2.3.1 Input PMOS Varactors
				10.2.3.2 Complementary N-PMOS Amplifier
				10.2.3.3 Degeneration Inductance
				10.2.3.4 Harmonic Traps
		10.3 Design Example: A Highly Linear Wideband PA in 28 nm CMOS
			10.3.1 Transformer-Based Output Combiner and Inter-Stage Power Divider
			10.3.2 More on the kQ Product
		10.4 Conclusion
		Acknowledgments
		References
	Chapter 11 FinFET Process Technology for RF and Millimeter Wave Applications
		11.1 Evaluation of FinFET Technology
			11.1.1 Steps of Fabrication and Process Flow of FinFET Technology
			11.1.2 Digital Performance
			11.1.3 Analog/RF Performance
		11.2 Distinct Properties of FinFET
			11.2.1 Performance with Transistor Scaling
			11.2.2 Nonlinear Gate Resistance by Three Dimensional Structure
			11.2.3 Self-Heating Effect in FinFETs
		11.3 Assessment of FinFET Technology for RF/mmWave Applications
			11.3.1 RF Performance
				13.3.1.1 Parasitic Extraction
			11.3.2 Noise Performance
			11.3.3 Noise Matching with Gain at the mmWave Frequency
		11.4 Design Process of FinFET for RF/mmWave Performance Optimization
			11.4.1 Cascaded Chain Design Consideration for Wireless System
			11.4.2 Optimization of Noise Figure with Gmax for LNA Within Self-Heat Limit
			11.4.3 Gain Per Power Efficiency
			11.4.4 Linearity for Gain and Power Efficiency
			11.4.5 Neutralization for mmWave Applications
		References
	Chapter 12 Pre-Distortion: An Effective Solution for Power Amplifier Linearization
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Standard Measures of Nonlinearity of Power Amplifier
			12.2.1 Gain Compression Point (1 dB)
			12.2.2 Harmonic and Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)
			12.2.3 Third-Order Intercept Point (TOI)
			12.2.4 AM/AM and AM/PM Distortion
			12.2.5 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)
			12.2.6 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
		12.3 What is Linearization?
			12.3.1 Feed Forward Linearization
			12.3.2 Feedback Linearization
			12.3.3 Pre-Distortion Linearization
		12.4 Example of Analog Pre-Distortion-Based Class EFJ Power Amplifier
		Conclusion and Future Scope
		References
	Chapter 13 Design of Control Circuit for Mitigation of Shadow Effect in Solar Photovoltaic System
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Proposed Methodology
		13.3 Results and Discussion
		13.4 Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
Part IV: RF Circuit Modeling
	Chapter 14 HBT High-Frequency Modeling and Integrated Parameter Extraction
		14.1 HBT High-Frequency Modeling and Integrated Parameter Extraction
		14.2 High-Frequency HBT Modeling
			14.2.1 DC and Small Signal Models
			14.2.2 Linearized T-Model
			14.2.3 Linearized Hybrid ð model
		14.3 Integrated Parameters Extraction
			14.3.1 Formulation of Integrated Parameter Extraction
			14.3.2 Optimization of Model
		14.4 Noise Model Validation
		14.5 Parameters Extraction of an HBT Model
		Acknowledgement
		References
	Chapter 15 Non-Linear Microwave Circuit Design Using Multi-Harmonic Load-Pull Simulation Technique
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Multi-Harmonic Load-Pull Simulation Using Harmonic Balance
			15.2.1 Formulation of Multi-Harmonic Load-Pull Simulation
			15.2.2 Systematic Design Procedure
		15.3 Application of Multiharmonic Load-Pull Simulation
		15.3.1 Narrowband Power Amplifier Design
		15.3.2 Frequency Doubler Design
		References
	Chapter 16 Microwave RF Designing Concepts and Technology
		16.1 Introduction
			16.1.1 Gain
			16.1.2 Noise
			16.1.3 Non Linearity
			16.1.4 Sensitivity
		16.2 Microwave RF Device Technology and Characterization
			16.2.1 Characterization and Modeling
			16.2.2 Modeling
			16.2.3 Cut-Off Frequency
			16.2.4 Maximum Oscillation Frequency
			16.2.5 Input Limited Frequency
			16.2.6 Output Limited Frequency
			16.2.7 Maximum Available Frequency
			16.2.8 Technology Choices
			16.2.9 Double Poly Devices
		16.3 Passive Components
			16.3.1 Resistors
			16.3.2 Capacitors
			16.3.3 Inductors
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
Index
EULA