Reviving Arab Reform: Development Challenges and Opportunities

Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
About the Author
Preface
Foreword
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1:
Introduction
	Background and Rationale
	Purpose of the Book
	Structure of the Book
Chapter 2:
The Theoretical Basis*
	Introduction
	What is Development?
	Is It Development or Growth?
	A Brief Review of Modern Economic Development Theories
		Neoclassical Theory
		New Growth Theory (Endogenous Growth Theory)
		New Institutional Economics (NIE) Theory
		Underpinning Theory of the Research
	The Theoretical Model of the Research
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 3:
Methodology
	Introduction
	The Research Approach
	The Empirical Model
	Scope of the Study
		Characteristics of the Data
		Sources of Data
		Missing Data
	Estimation Approaches and Econometric Techniques
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 4:Insight of Arab Economics: A Reforming Outlook
	Introduction
	Deep Insight of Economic Growth in the Arab Region
		The Economic Growth Pattern in the Whole Region
		The Economic Growth Pattern in the Sub-Arab Groups
		The Characteristics of the Arab Economic Growth
	The Evolution of Arab Reform
	Looking Back and Ahead
	Appendices
		Appendix 4.1. Arab Potential and Actual GDP with Output Gap (1995–2018).
		Appendix 4.2. GDP Per Capita Growth for Sub-Arab Groups.
		Appendix 4.3. Growth Rates of GDP Components in the Arab Region.
Chapter 5:
Economic Stabilisation and Arab Reform
	Introduction
	Macroeconomic Stability Indicators
		Prices and Inflation
		Unemployment
		Exchange Rates
		Public Finance Indicators
	External Stability Indicators (E)
		International Trade and Current Account (CA) Balance
		Debt Relief
		International Reserves
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 6:
Business and Structural Reform
	Introduction
	Aggregate Structural Reform Indicator
	Foreign Direct Investment
	Financial Liberalisation
	Economy Diversification Structure
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 7:
Social Aspects of Arab Reform
	Introduction
	Poverty and Inequality
	Human Capital
		Health Sector Reform
		Education Sector Reform
		Research and Innovation
	Physical Infrastructure
		Basic Infrastructure Facilities (Drinking water, Sanitation, Electricity)
		Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 8:
Institutions and Political Aspects of Arab Reform
	Introduction
	Governance and Institutions in ACs
	Democracy (Governance Input)
		Voice and Accountability
		Political Stability
	Public Administration Capacity (Governance Process)
		Government Effectiveness (GE)
		Regulatory Quality (RQ)
	The State of Law (Governance Output)
		Rule of Law
		Control of Corruption
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 9:
Winners and Losers of Arab Reforms
	Introduction
	The Impact of Reform on the Arab World
	The Failure to Provide Inclusive Reforms
		1. Oil Dependence ‘Resource Curse’
		2. Macroeconomic Fragility
		3. Vulnerable Institutions
		4. Political Conflict and Civil Wars
	Looking Back and Ahead
Chapter 10:
The Impact of Reform Programmes on Economic Growth: An Econometric Analysis
	Introduction
	Testing Heterogeneity of Panel Data
	Panel Estimated Results
		Estimated Panel Data Models for Advanced Economies
		Estimated Panel Data Models for Developing Countries
		Estimated Panel Data Models for All ACs
	Discussion of Panel Estimated Results
		State Variable
		Macroeconomic instability
		External Stability
		Structural Reform
		Human Capital
		Physical Infrastructure
		Governance
	Looking Back and Ahead
	Appendices
		Appendix 10.1. The Heterogeneity of Panel Data Models
		Appendix 10.2.The Relationship between Economic Growth and Public Health Expenditure Among Advanced Economies and Developing Countries
		Appendix 10.3. The Relationship between Economic Growth and Sanitation in Advanced Economies
Chapter 11:
Towards an Inclusive Development Framework for Arab Reform
	Introduction
	Moving Forward to an Inclusive Framework of the Reform
		Phase 1: Political and Institutional Reform
		Phase 2: Economic Reform
		Phase 3: Social Reform
		Other Influential Factors
Concluding Remarks
References
Index