Revision Guide for MRCPsych Paper A

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part I Behavioural Sciences and Sociocultural Psychiatry
	1 Fundamentals of Psychology
		a) Conditioning
			Classical Conditioning
			Thorndike’s Law of Effect
			Operant Conditioning
		b) Shaping and Chaining
			Shaping
			Chaining
			Learned Helplessness
		c) Social Learning Theory
			Reciprocal Causation
			Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment
			Insight Learning
			Cognitive Learning
		d) Perceptual Organisation
			Figure vs. Ground Differentiation
			Gestalt Principle of Perceptual Organisation
			Perception of Depth Distance and Motion
		e) Theories of Perception
			Top-Down Theory
			Bottom-Up Theory
		f) Memory
		g) Retrieval
			Non-Declarative (Implicit Memory)
			Summary
			Working Memory
			Forgetting
		h) Ribot’s Law
		i) Memory Disorders
		j) Memory Neuroscience
		k) Brain Structures Involved in Memory
	2 Basic and Social Psychology
		a) Personality
			Consider the Differing Concepts of Personality
			Freud’s Theory
			The Structural Model
			Alternative Theories
				Trait Theory
				Allport’s Theory
				Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Approach
				Eysenck’s Approach
			The ‘Big Five’ Personality Traits
			Measuring Personality Traits
		b) Emotion
			James-Lange Theory
			Cannon-Bard Theory (a.k.a. Thalami Theory)
			Singer-Schachter Theory (a.k.a. Two-Factor Theory)
			Lazarus Theory
		c) Motivation
			Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
		d) Attitudes
			Attitude Scales
			Osgood’s Semantic Differential
		e) Intelligence
			The National Adult Reading Test (NART)
		f) Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger)
		g) Self-Psychology
		h) Attribution
		i) Theory of Mind
			Linguistics
			Methods of Persuasive Communication
		j) Controversial Studies
		k) Groups and Conforming
			Solomon Asch Conformity Experiment
			Group Psychology
				Wilfred Bion
		l) Consent in Minors
			Gillick Competence
	3 Sociocultural Psychiatry
		a) Ethics
		b) Global Ethical Policies
		c) Human Rights
		d) Models of Illness
			The ‘Sick Role’
			Health Belief Model
			Core Beliefs
			The Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
		e) Family Life
		f) Theory of Expressed Emotion (EE)
		g) Society and Mental Health
		h) History of Major Publications in Psychiatry
		i) Important Figures in Psychiatry
		j) Immigration and Schizophrenia
		k) Stigma
		l) Grief
			Grief Reaction
			Abnormal Grief
Part II Human Development
	4 Theories of Human Development
		a) Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
			Sensorimotor Stage
			Preoperational Stage
			Concrete Operational Stage
			Formal Operational Stage
		b) The Zone of Proximal Development
		c) Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
		d) Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development (1905)
		e) Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
			0–18 Months
			18–36 Months
			36 Months–7 Years
			7–12 Years
			12–18 Years
			18–40 Years
			40–65 Years
			65 and Onwards
		f) Mahler’s ‘Separation-Individuation’ Stages of Child Development (1968)
		g) Table of Relevant Developmental Stages
		h) Temperament
		i) Fear
		j) Speech/Language Milestones
		k) Motor Milestones
		l) Attachment Theory
		m) Studies Related to Attachment
		n) Mary Ainsworth (1973)
		o) Developmental Concepts
		p) Parenting Styles
		q) Freudian Concepts
		r) Assessment of Intelligence
Part III Basic Neurosciences
	5 Neuroanatomy
		a) Brain Development
		b) Cranial Fossae
		c) Meningeal Layers
		d) Cortical Structures
			Other Major Sulci Include
		e) Hemispheric Lateralisation
		f) Cranial Foramina
		g) Subcortical Structures
		h) Thalamus
		i) Cerebellum
		j) Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves
			Cranial Nerve Reflexes
		k) White Matter Pathways
		l) Spinal Cord
		m) Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
			Route of CSF Passage
		n) Blood Supply
		o) Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
	6 Neurophysiology
		a) The Action Potential
		b) The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA)
		c) Adrenal Fatigue
		d) Thyroid Gland
		e) Adrenal Cortex
			Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
		f) Dexamethasone Suppression Tests (DSTs)
		g) Tremors
		h) Electroencephalograms (EEG)
		i) Sleep Architecture
			REM Sleep
			Features of REM Sleep
			Brain Activity
		j) Sleep Disorders
			Intrinsic Sleep Disorders
				Narcolepsy
				Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
				Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
				Rhythmic Movement Disorder
				Arousal Disorders
					Sleep Terrors
					Sleep Walking (Somnambulism)
					Sleep Paralysis
	7 Neurochemistry
		a) Classification of Receptors
		b) Biogenic Amines
			Receptors
			Histamine
		c) Catecholamines
			Dopamine
			Noradrenaline (NA)
		d) Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
		e) Acetylcholine
	8 Molecular Genetics
		a) DNA
		b) RNA
		c) Copying DNA
		d) DNA Mutations
		e) Translocations
		f) Terminology
		g) Mendelian Inheritance
			Autosomal Dominant (AD)
			Autosomal Recessive (AR)
			X-Linked Genetics
			X-Linked Dominant
			X-Linked Recessive
		h) Non-Mendelian Inheritance
		i) Techniques in Molecular Genetics
		j) Heritability
		k) Concordance
		l) Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
		m) Genetic Studies
			Twin Studies
			Family Studies
		n) Schizophrenia Genetics
		o) Affective Disorders Genetics
			Bipolar Disorder
			Unipolar Depression
		p) Autism Genetics
		q) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Genetics
		r) Summary of Genetic Disorders
	9 Clinical Neuropathology
		a) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
			Macroscopic Neuropathology
			Histological Changes/Microscopic
		b) Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
		c) Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
			Pick’s Disease
		d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
		e) Schizophrenia
		f) Parkinson’s Disease
		g) Summary of Pathological Findings
	10 Applied Neurosciences
		a) Frontal Lobe
			Anterior Frontal Lobe Lesions
			Medial Frontal Lobe (Broca’s Area) Lesions
			Anterior Frontal Lobe Lesions
		b) Parietal Lobe
		c) Temporal Lobe Lesions
			Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)
			Occipital Lobe Lesions
		d) Apraxia
		e) Language
			Language Production Model
		f) Agnosia
Part IV Clinical Psychopharmacology
	11 Mechanisms of Psychotropic Drugs
		a) Classification of Psychotropic Medications
		b) Typical Antipsychotics
		c) Atypical Antipsychotics
		d) Antidepressants
		e) Anxiolytics and Sedatives
		f) Antiepileptics and Mood Stabilisers
		g) Dementia Drugs
		h) ADHD Drugs
		i) Drugs Used in the Treatment of Substance Misuse
		j) Recreational Drugs
	12 Specifics of Prescribing
		a) Rational Prescribing
		b) Drugs With Psychiatric Side Effects
		c) Side Effects of Antidepressants
		d) Antidepressant Withdrawal
		e) Side Effects of Antipsychotics
		f) Metabolic Side Effects of Antipsychotics
		g) Antipsychotic Associated Hyperprolactinaemia
		h) Drug Doses
		i) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin Syndrome
		j) Allergies and Toxicity
		k) Specialist Drug Monitoring
			Clozapine
			Lithium
		l) Prescribing in Special Groups
		m) Prescribing in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
		n) Principles in Psychiatric Emergencies
		o) Driving
		p) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
		q) Factors Affecting Medication Adherence
		r) The Placebo Effect
	13 Pharmacokinetics
		a) Key Aspects
		b) Absorption
		c) Distribution
		d) Metabolism
		e) Excretion
	14 Broader Aspects of Psychopharmacology
		a) Clinical Trials
		b) Adverse Event Reporting
Part V Classification and Assessment
	15 Classification
		a) Diagnostic Manuals
			ICD
			DSM
		b) Changes From DSM-IV to DSM-5
		c) Approaches to Classification
			Categorical Approach
			Dimensional Approach
			Operationalised Approach
			Hierarchical Approach
	16 History and Mental State Examination
		a) The Psychiatric History
		b) Cognitive Function
		c) The Neurological Examination
			Gait
			Abnormal Movements
			Speech
			Tone
			Power and Reflexes
			Coordination
			Sensations
			Cranial Nerves
		d) Blood Investigations
			Full Blood Count
			Urea + Electrolytes
			Liver Function Tests
			Fasting Glucose or HbA1C
			Calcium
			Glucose
			Endocrine Tests
			Prolactin
			Lipid Profile
			Serum Phosphate
			Lithium Levels
			Arterial Blood Gas
			Electrocardiogram (ECG)
			Brain Imaging
			Bone Density Scan
		e) Specialist Dementia Scans
		f) Delirium
		g) Eating Disorders
		h) Treatment With Comorbid HIV Infection
		i) Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
		j) Assessment Scales
			Self-Rated
			Clinician Rated
	17 Psychopathology
		a) Thought Disorders
		b) Classifying Thought Form
		c) Explanatory Models
			Linguistic Studies
		d) Classifying Thought Content
			Primary Delusions
			Secondary Delusions
			Neuropsychology Theories of Delusions
		e) Disorders of Speech
			Receptive Dysphasia
			Expressive Dysphasia
		f) Disorders of Memory
			Implicit Memory
			Falsification of Memory
			Dissociative Fugue
			Pseudodementia
		g) Disorders of Mood and Affect
		h) Disorders of Perception
	18 Diagnosis and ICD-10 Classification Codes
		a) ICD-10 vs. DSM-IV
		b) F00—F09 Organic, Including Symptomatic, Mental Disorders
			F00 Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease
			F01 Vascular Dementia
			F02 Dementia in Other Diseases Classified Elsewhere
			Cortical vs. Subcortical Dementia
			F05 Delirium, Not Induced by Alcohol and Other Psychoactive Substances
		c) F10—F19 Mental and Behavioural Disorders Due to Psychoactive Substance Use
			F10—Alcohol
			F11—Opioids
			F12—Cannabinoids
			F14—Cocaine
				MDMA (Ecstasy)
				Hallucinogens
				Ketamine
				Acute Intoxication
				Harmful Use
				Dependence Syndrome
				ADDICcT
				Withdrawal State
		d) F20—F29 Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusional Disorder
			F20 Schizophrenia
			Subtypes of Schizophrenia
				F20.0 Paranoid Schizophrenia
				Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
				Simple Schizophrenia
			F22 Persistent Delusional Disorder
			F23 Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder
			What Is Schizophrenia?
		e) F30—F39 Mood (Affective) Disorders
			F30 Manic Episode
				F30.0 Hypomania
			F31 Bipolar Affective Disorder
			F32 Depressive Episode
				F32.0 Mild Depressive Episode
				F32.1 Moderate Depressive Episode
			F33 Recurrent Depressive Disorder
				F34.0 Cyclothymia
				F34.1 Dysthymia
		f) F40—F49 Neurotic, Stress-Related and Somatoform Disorders
			F40 Phobic Anxiety Disorders
				F40.0 Agoraphobia
				F40.1 Social Phobias
				F40.2 Specific Phobias
			F41 Other Anxiety Disorders
				F41.0 Panic Disorder
				F41.1 Generalised Anxiety Disorder
				F41.2 Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder
			F42 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
			F43 Reaction to Severe Stress
				F43.1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
			F45 Somatoform Disorder
				F45.0 Somatisation Disorder
				F45.2 Hypochondriacal Disorder
				F45.3 Somatoform Autonomic Dysfunction
				F45.4 Persistent Somatoform Pain Disorder
		g) F50—F59 Behavioural Syndromes Associated With Physiological Disturbances and Physical Factors
			F50 Eating Disorders
				F50.0 Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
				F50.1 Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
				F50.2 Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
				F50.3 Atypical Bulimia Nervosa
		h) F60—F69 Disorders of Adult Personality and Behaviour
Index