Review of Agricultural Policies Slovenia (Oecd Reviews of Agricultural Policies)

Foreword
Table of Contents
Summary, Conclusions and recommendations
	A. The macroeconomic environment
	B. Agricultural situation
		1. The role of agriculture in the economy
		2. Agricultural trade
		3. Agricultural trade relations
		4. Privatisation and farm restructuring
		5. Farm structure
		6. The food industry
	C. Agricultural policies
		1. Policy framework before independence
		2. New agricultural policy objectives
		3. Main agricultural policy measures
	D. Overall budgetary outlays on agricultural policies
	E. Measuring support to agriculture
	F. Conclusions and recommendations
		Structural adjustment
		Domestic policy re-instrumentation
		Trade
		Rural development
		Food processing
Part I.  Macroeconomic environment
	A. General aspects
		1. Background data
			Figure I.1. Map of Slovenia
		2. Historical background
	B. Macroeconomic developments
		1. Economic reform framework
			Box I.1. Slovenia’s political and administrative system
			Table I.1. Selected economic indicators, 1989-2000
		2. Economic output
			Figure I.2. GDP growth in Slovenia, selected CEECs and EU average
			Table I.2. Thestructure ofGDP (incurrent prices)
		3. Employment
			Table I.3. Employment in Slovenia, 1990-1999
			Figure I.3. Unemployment rate in Slovenia, selected CEECs and EU average
		4. Inflation
			Figure I.4. Rate of inflation in Slovenia, selected CEECs and EU average, 1993-1999
		5. Foreign trade and balance-of-payments
		6. Exchange rate
		7. Government budget
		8. Foreign direct investment (FDI)
		9. Social policy issues
	Notes
Part II.  Situation of the agro-food sector
	A. Role of agro-food sector in the economy
		Table II.1. Share ofagriculture andfood sector intheeconomy, 1990-1999
		Figure II.1. Share of agriculture in GDP in CEECs and the European Union, 1999
	B. Agricultural sector
		1. Natural conditions and land use
			Figure II.2. Total land use, 1998
			Box II.1. Inconsistencies in Slovenian land use statistics
			Box Table II.1. Agricultural land according totheCadastre andtheUAA, hectares
			Figure II.3.  Agricultural land use, 1998
		2. Output
			Table II.2. Gross agricultural output (GAO)
		3. Prices, costs and income
			Table II.3. Agricultural output andinput price indices
			Figure II.4. Price ratios, 1990-1999
		4. Self-sufficiency and food consumption
			Table II.4. Self-sufficiency forselected staple food items
			Table II.5. Per capita consumption ofbasic agricultural products, 1992-1999
	C. Agricultural trade and trade relations
		1. Agricultural trade
			Table II.6.  Agro-food trade in 1993-1999
			Figure II.5. Agro-food trade balance, 1993-1999
			Figure II.6. Composition of agro-food exports by commodity, 1997-1999 average
			Figure II.7. Composition of agro-food imports by commodity, 1997-1999 average
			Figure II.8. Agro-food trade balance by commodity, 1977-1999 average
			Figure II.9. Regional breakdown of agro-food exports, 1999
			Figure II.10. Regional breakdown of agro-food imports, 1999
		2. Agricultural trade relations
			Table II.7. Slovenia’s URAA tariff bindings formain agricultural products
			Table II.8. Tariff rate quotas (TRQs) andnotified quota imports under Slovenia’s URAA commitments
			Table II.9. Slovenia’s domestic support commitments under theURAA, 1995-1999
			Table II.10.  TRQs and in-quota import duty rates applied to imports of selected agricultural...
			Table II.11.  TRQs and in-quota import duty rates applied to imports of selected agricultural...
			Box II.2. Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)
			Table II.12. TheCEFTA trade regimes formain agro-food products inSlovenia
	D. Agricultural privatisation and farm restructuring
		1. Land policies and farm structure during the socialist period
			Figure II.11.  Distribution of private holdings with agricultural activity by land size in 1960 ...
		2. The 1990s: land restitution and privatisation of the socially-owned sector
			Box II.3. Major laws on land and structural reform in Slovenia
		3. Agricultural land transfers
			Box II.4. Official methodology for evaluating agricultural land in Slovenia
			Figure II.12. Distribution of land leased by family farms by size class
		4. Current farm and production structure
			Table II.13. Family farms andagricultural companies in1997 and1998
			Figure II.13. Shares of family farms and agricultural companies (ACs) in total output of major c...
			Figure II.14. Shares of family farms and agricultural companies (ACs) in total livestock numbers...
			Table II.14. Distribution offamily farms bysize andsocio-economic type in1997
			Figure II.15. Changes in family farm numbers and area farmed by farm size between 1991 and 1997
			Figure II.16. Changes in family farm numbers and area farmed by socio-economic farm type between...
			Figure II.17. The number of agricultural companies and employment
			Figure II.18. Distribution of agricultural land by agricultural companies (AC) of various sizes
	E. Upstream and downstream sectors
		1. Input production
			Table II.15. Animal feed sector inSlovenia, 1992-1999
		2. Agricultural co-operatives
			Figure II.19. Organisation of Slovenia’s co-operative sector
		3. Food industry
			Figure II.20. Number of enterprises in the food industry and employment, 1991-1999
			Table II.16. Structure ofSlovenia’s food industry in1999
			Figure II.21. Food industry output index
			Table II.17. Distribution ofcompany shares inprivatisation offood processing enterprises
			Table II.18. Progress ofprivatisation inSlovenia’s food industry between1992 and1999
	F. Agriculture and the environment
		1. Slovenia’s soil surface nitrogen balance
			Box II.5. The OECD soil surface nitrogen balance
			Box Figure II.1. The main elements in the OECD soil surface nitrogen balance
			Figure II.22. Slovenia’s soil nitrogen balance: inputs and crop uptake
			Figure II.23.  Soil nitrogen balance estimates for Slovenia and selected countries,...
			Figure II.24. Nitrogen efficiency in Slovenia and selected European countries, 1995-1997 average
		2. Agro-tourism
	Notes
Part III.  Agricultural and food policies: Objectives and measures
	A. Agricultural policy framework
		1. Policy framework before independence
		2. Agricultural policy objectives and measures during independence
			Box III.1. Key dates of Slovenia’s accession to the European Union
		3. Institutional arrangements
		4. Main agricultural policy instruments
	B. Domestic support of market prices
		1. Direct price regulation measures
		2. Indirect price regulation measures
			Table III.2. Indirect price support and market regulation measures
	C. Area and headage payments
		Table III.3. Area and headage payments
	D. Reduction of input costs
		Table III.4. Input subsidies
	E. Trade measures
		Table III. 5. Applied MFN import tariff rates for major agro- food products
		Figure III.1. Applied ad valorem and specific tariffs for selected agro-food products in 1998
		Figure III.2. Difference between bound and applied border protection, 1998
		Table III. 6. Bound and applied levels of protection
	F. Structural and rural development measures
		1. Investment support
			Table III.7. Investment support to agriculture and the food sector
		2. Support to less favoured areas (LFAs)
			Box III.2. Classification of less favoured areas in Slovenia
			Table III.8. Special payments to less favoured areas
		3. Rural development measures
			Table III.9. Expenditures for special rural development programmes
	G. Agro-environmental measures
		Box III.3. Main legislation on environmental protection in Slovenia
		Table III.10. Agro-environmental payments in 1992-1999
	H. General services
		1. Agricultural research
		2. Agricultural education
		3. Extension service
		4. Plant and Livestock Services
		5. Quality and sanitary control
	I. Tax policies and social security measures
	J. Commodity specific measures
		1. Grains
			Table III.11. Area and production of cereals
			Table III.12. Commodity balance: Total grains, wheat and maize
			Table III.13. Administred and average producer prices for wheat
			Table III.14. Average producer prices for maize
		2. Sugar
			Table III.15. Area and production of sugar beet
			Table III.16. Commodity balance: Sugar and sugar beets
			Table III.17. Administered and average producer prices for sugar beets
		3. Potatoes
			Table III.18. Area and production of potatoes
			Table III.19. Average producer prices for potatoes
		4. Fruit and vegetables
			Table III.20. Area and production of fruit and vegetables
		5. Hops
			Table III.21. Area and production of hops
			Table III.22. Average producer prices for hops
		6. Grapes and wine
			Table III.23. Area and production of wine grapes
			Table III.24. Average producer prices for wine grapes and wine
		7. Milk
			Table III.25. Commodity balance: Milk
			Table III.26. Administrered and average producer prices for milk
		8. Beef
			Table III.27. Commodity balance: Beef and veal
			Table III.28. Average producer prices for beef cattle
		9. Sheep and goats
			Table III.29. Sheep and goat inventories and production
			Table III.30. Average producer prices for sheep and lamb
		10. Pig meat
			Table III.31. Commodity balance: Pigmeat
			Table III.32. Average producer prices for pigmeat
		11. Poultry and eggs
			Table III.33. Commodity balance: Poultry
			Table III.34. Average producer prices for poultry (carcass weight) and eggs
			Table III.35. Commodity balance: Eggs
	K. Overall budgetary outlays on agro-food policies
		Table III.36. Budgetary transfers to agro-food sector in 1992-1999
		Table III.37. Composition of budgetary transfers to agro-food sector
		Figure III.3. Composition of budgetary transfers to agro-food sector
Part IV.  Evaluation of support to agriculture
	Box IV.1. OECD indicators of support: Definitions
	A. Aggregate results
		1. Producer Support Estimate
			Table IV.1 Aggregate percentage PSEs and CSEs for Slovenia
			Figure IV.1. Percentage PSEs by country, EU and OECD average, 1986-1999
		2. Consumer Support Estimate
			Figure IV.2. Percentage CSEs by country, EU and OECD average, 1986-1999
		3. Composition of PSE and CSE
			Table IV.2. Composition of PSEs and CSEs in Slovenia
			Figure IV.3. Composition of Producer Support Estimate, 1992-1999
		4. Total Support Estimate
			Table IV. 3. Indicators and composition of total support to Slovenian agriculture
			Figure IV.4. Total support estimate by country, EU and OECD average, 1999
			Figure IV.5. Composition of total support estimate, 1992-1999
	B. Commodity profile of producer support
		1. Distribution of support across commodities
			Table IV.4. Distribution of producer support by commodities
		2. Level of support by commodities
			Figure IV.6. Percentage PSE for crops and livestock, 1992-1999
			Table IV.5. Percentage PSE by commodity, 1992-1999
			Figure IV.7. Slovenian percentage PSE by commodity, average 1992-1999
			Figure IV.8. Percentage PSEs by commodities for Slovenia and the European Union, 1999
		3. Analysis of support by commodities
			Table IV.6. Percentage CSE by commodity, 1992-1999
			Figure IV.9. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for wheat
			Figure IV.10. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for maize
			Figure IV.11. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for other grains
			Figure IV.12. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for sugar
			Figure IV.13. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for milk
			Figure IV.14. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for beef and veal
			Figure IV.15. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for pigmeat
			Figure IV.16. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for poultry
			Figure IV.17. Percentage PSEs, producer an reference prices for eggs
			Figure IV.18. Percentage PSEs, producer and reference prices for sheepmeat
Annex.  Assistance to Slovenian agriculture
	Introduction
	Annex A.  Concepts and methodology
		Annex Box 1. Classification of policy measures included in the OECD indicators of support
		Annex Box 2. Transfers associated with market price support
			Annex Figure 1. Exported commodities
			Annex Figure 2. Imported commodities
	Annex B.  Estimation of Slovenian PSEs and CSEs from 1992 to 1999
		Annex Figure 3. Measurement of the margin between farm gate and frontier
	Notes
	Annex C.  Supporting tables: Estimates of support to agriculture
		Definitions and sources
			General notes
			Annex tables IV.1.  Total support estimate
				Annex Table IV.1.1. SLOVENIA: Total Support Estimate / Total Transfers
				Annex Table IV. 1.2. i. SLOVENIA: Producer support estimate by commodity
				Annex Table IV.1.3.i Estimates of support to agriculture in selected CEECs, Russia, EU and OECD average, 1986-1999
				Annex Table IV.1.4. SLOVENIA: Border reference prices
			Annex tables IV.2.  Market price support and consumer support estimate by commodity
				Annex Table IV.2.1. Wheat : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
				Annex Table IV.2.2. Maize : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.3. Other Grains (Barley) : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.4. Refined Sugar: Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.5. Milk : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.6. Beef : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.7. Pig meat : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.8. Poultry : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.9. Eggs : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
					Annex Table IV.2.10. Sheep meat : Market Price Support and Consumer Support Estimate
			Annex Tables IV.3.
				Annex Table IV.3.1. Wheat : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.2. Maize : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.3. Other Grains (Barley) : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.4. Refined sugar : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.5. Milk : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.6. Beef : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.7. Pig meat : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.8. Poultry meat : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.9. Eggs : Producer support estimate
				Annex Table IV.3.10. Sheep meat : Producer support estimate
Bibliography