Revealing Behavioural Synchronization in Humans and Other Animals: Why Individuals Mirror Others

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction of Behavioural Synchronization
	1.1 A Subset of Interpersonal Behavioural Alignment
	1.2 A Form of Social Entrainment
		1.2.1 Definition of Entrainment
		1.2.2 Locomotor Entrainment
		1.2.3 Is Entrainment to a Musical Rhythm Specific to Humans?
		1.2.4 Gaze Following
	References
Chapter 2: Visuomotor Approach of Behavioural Synchronization
	2.1 Visual Perception of Action
	2.2 Ideomotor Theory
		2.2.1 Correspondence Between Perception and Action
		2.2.2 Towards a  Motor Representation of Action
	References
Chapter 3: Neurophysiological and Cognitive Bases of Behavioural Synchronization
	3.1 Neural Circuits of the Perception of Actions
	3.2 Neural Circuits Related to Temporal Processes
	3.3 Mirror Neurons
		3.3.1 Mirror Neurons in Non-human Primates
		3.3.2 Mirror Neurons in Humans
	3.4 Mirror Neurons and Motor Resonance
	3.5 Mirror Neurons and Motor Experiences
		3.5.1 Origin and Development of Mirror Neurons
		3.5.2 Influence of Motor Expertise on the Activation of Mirror Neurons
	3.6 From Motor Resonance to Motor Contagion
	References
Chapter 4: Cognitive Properties of Behavioural Synchronization
	4.1 Motor Interference
	4.2 Inhibition of Motor Contagion
	4.3 Social Facilitation Contributes to Motor Contagion
	4.4 Sensorimotor Processes and Motor Contagion
		4.4.1 Sensory Modalities for Behavioural Synchronization
		4.4.2 Sensorimotor Processes and Motor Contagion at the Group Level
	4.5 From Interbrain Neural Synchronization to Behavioural Synchronization
		4.5.1 Behavioural Studies
		4.5.2 Neurophysiological Studies in Adults and Infants
	4.6 Behavioural Synchronization and Hormones
		4.6.1 Oxytocin, a Biomarker of Affiliation
		4.6.2 Dopamine, Serotonin, and Endorphin, Biomarkers of Reward Circuits
		4.6.3 Cortisol, a Biomarker of Stress
		4.6.4 Happy Hormones, Brain Activity, and Behavioural Synchronization
	4.7 Behavioural Synchronization and Mutual Social Attention System
	References
Chapter 5: Social Functions of Mirror Neurons, Motor Resonance and Motor Contagion
	5.1 Motor Imitative Responses Enable Learning
	5.2 Action Recognition and Understanding
	5.3 Action Anticipation
	5.4 Understanding Intentions and Mental States
	5.5 Reducing Psychological Distance
	5.6 Behavioural Synchronization Induces Prosociality
	References
Chapter 6: Social Modulators of Behavioural Synchronization
	6.1 Factors Related to the Observer
		6.1.1 Effect of Attentional State
		6.1.2 Effect of Interindividual Distance
		6.1.3 Effect of Affiliation
			6.1.3.1 The Most Affiliated Individuals Are the Most Synchronized
			6.1.3.2 Willingness to Affiliate or to Achieve a Common Goal Modulates Behavioural Synchronization in Humans
			6.1.3.3 Behavioural Synchronization Is a Cue to Similarity That Promotes Affiliation in Humans and Non-human Animals
		6.1.4 Effect of Willingness to Be Like Other or to Belong to a Group/Social Comparison
	6.2 Factors Related to the Observed Individual(s)
		6.2.1 Effect of Leadership
			6.2.1.1 Definition of Leadership and Distinction Between Leader and Initiator
			6.2.1.2 Leader Emergence
			6.2.1.3 Characteristics of the Leader
		6.2.2 Effect of Social Referencing
		6.2.3 Effect of Social Influence, the Case of Humans
		6.2.4 Effect of Visuomotor Profile of Social Agent
	6.3 Modulation of the Spread of Synchronized Behaviours at the Group Level
		6.3.1 The Joining Process
			6.3.1.1 Importance of the Period Preceding the Joining Process
			6.3.1.2 Characteristics of the Joining Process
			6.3.1.3 Specific Behaviours to Recruit Partners
			6.3.1.4 The Spread of Behaviours Within the Group Leads to Behavioural Synchronization
			6.3.1.5 Example of a Contagious Behaviour: Contagious Yawning
		6.3.2 Effect of Group Spatial Configuration and Size on Behavioural Synchronization
	References
Chapter 7: Conclusion: Behavioural Synchronization, a Pillar of Social Cognition
	References
Index