Rethinking Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Architecture in Central Anatolia

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Of Related Interest
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Abstract
1. Rethinking 60 Years of Architectural Epistemology
	1.1. Purpose of this book
	1.2. Chapter outline
2. Theoretical Foundations
	2.1. Archaeological reflexivity
	2.2. A contextual approach
3. Time and Place
	3.1. Place: geographical scope
	3.2. Time
		3.2.1. Periodisation
		3.2.2. Defining the temporal scope
		3.2.3. Site chronologies
4. A Brief History of Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Research in Central Anatolia
	4.1. Ignorance (pre-1960)
	4.2. Pioneering field work (1950s–1960s)
	4.3. Consolidation, reflection, publication (1970s)
	4.4. Re-intensification and broadening of field work (since the 1980s)
	4.5. Renewed reflection (2000s–2010s), the current state of research and a reflection on the research literature landscape
	4.6. Dealing with legacy: existing research on Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic architecture in central Anatolia
		4.6.1. The architectural record as legacy data
		4.6.2. Previous comparative works on Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic architecture
5. Sites and Architecture in Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Central Anatolia
	5.1. Hacılar
		5.1.1. The chronology of Hacılar
		5.1.2. The architecture of Aceramic Hacılar
		5.1.3. The architecture of Hacılar Level VI with LevelsIX–VII
		5.1.4. The architecture of Hacılar Levels V–III
		5.1.5. The architecture of Hacılar Level II
		5.1.6. The architecture of Hacılar Level I
	5.2. Çatalhöyük East
		5.2.1. The chronology of Çatalhöyük East
		5.2.2. The architecture of Çatalhöyük East
	5.3. Çatalhöyük West
		5.3.1. The chronology of Çatalhöyük West
		5.3.2. The architecture of Çatalhöyük West
	5.4. Canhasan I
		5.4.1. The chronology of Canhasan I
		5.4.2. The architecture of Canhasan I Layer 2
	5.5. Erbaba
		5.5.1. The chronology of Erbaba
		5.5.2. The architecture of Erbaba Level I
	5.6. Kuruçay
		5.6.1. The chronology of Kuruçay
		5.6.2. The architecture of Kuruçay
	5.7. Köşk Höyük
		5.7.1. The chronology of Köşk Höyük
		5.7.2. The architecture of Köşk Höyük
	5.8. Höyücek
		5.8.1. The chronology of Höyücek
		5.8.2. The architecture of the Höyücek Shrine Phase
	5.9. Gelveri
		5.9.1. The chronology of Gelveri
		5.9.2. The architecture of Gelveri
	5.10. Bademağacı
		5.10.1. The chronology of Bademağacı
		5.10.2. The architecture of Bademağacı
	5.11. Pınarbaşı B
		5.11.1. The chronology of Pınarbaşı B
		5.11.2. The architecture of Pınarbaşı B
	5.12. Musular
		5.12.1. The chronology of Musular
		5.12.2. The architecture of Early Chalcolithic Musular
	5.13. Tepecik-Çiftlik
		5.13.1. The chronology of Tepecik
		5.13.2. The architecture of Tepecik Levels 4–2
	5.14. Gökhöyük Baǧları
6. Social Organisation in Central Anatolia 8500–2000 BC
	6.1. Introduction
	6.2. 8500–6500 BC: The Early Neolithic in the Konya plain and Cappadocia and hunter-gatherers of the Lake District
		6.2.1. Research framework
		6.2.2. The neolithisation of central Anatolia
		6.2.3. Making households, making communities
		6.2.4. Egalitarianism
	6.3. 6500–5500 BC: The Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic
		6.3.1. The neolithisation of the Lake District and western Anatolia
		6.3.2. Climate change and a possible influence on socioeconomic changes
		6.3.3. Household autonomy and social competition
		6.3.4. Mobility, dispersal and the development of dense cultural landscapes
		6.3.5. Warfare?
	6.4. 5500–4000 BC: The Middle Chalcolithic
		6.4.1. Absence of evidence or evidence of absence?
		6.4.2. Middle Chalcolithic mobility?
		6.4.3. Cappadocian villagers, pastoralists and chiefs
	6.5. 4000–3000 BC: The Late Chalcolithic
		6.5.1. Late Chalcolithic: regional perspectives
		6.5.2. Early urban centres in the Lake District?
	6.6. 3000–2000 BC: The Early Bronze Age
		6.6.1. Research framework
		6.6.2. Early Bronze Age cultural landscapes
		6.6.3. Early Bronze Age elite-making
7. Methods
	7.1. Text as data: content analysis
		7.1.1. Content analysis
		7.1.2. Grounded theory and applying content analysis in reflexive archaeology
	7.2. Defining a body of literature to code
	7.3. Coding indicators and themes
		7.3.1. Identifying relevant text passages
		7.3.2. Coding indicators and themes
		7.3.3. Exploratory coding
		7.3.4. Including and excluding text passages from coding
		7.3.5. Challenges encountered
		7.3.6. Limitations
	7.4. Exploring and evaluating indicators and themes
8. Household Autonomy and Suprahousehold Integration
	8.1. Introduction
	8.2. Early Neolithic household autonomy
		8.2.1. Theme 1: The complete house
		8.2.2. Theme 2: Constructing individualities
		8.2.3. Theme 3: Symbols of the household
		8.2.4. Theme 4: Leaving and continuing the house
	8.3. Suprahousehold integration
		8.3.1. Theme 9: Living close together
		8.3.2. Theme 10: A paradox of division and cohesion
		8.3.3. Theme 11: Building and destroying together
		8.3.4. Theme 12: Constructing similarities
		8.3.5. Theme 13: Sharing social and economic space
		8.3.6. Theme 14: Symbols of community
		8.3.7. Theme 15: On common ground
		8.3.8. Theme 16: Constructing community space
	8.4. Post-6500 BC household autonomy
		8.4.1. Theme 5: Ritually breaking with the past
		8.4.2. Theme 6: Giving each other space
		8.4.3. Theme 7: Building independently
		8.4.4. Theme 8: More productive space
	8.5. Summary and reflections
9. Social Competition and Social Stratification
	9.1. Introduction
	9.2. Social competition
		9.2.1. Themes 17 and 18: Concealing and displaying
	9.3. Social stratification
		9.3.1. Theme 19: The elite residence
		9.3.2. Theme 20: Ruling the settlement
		9.3.3. Theme 21: The pre-citadel
	9.4. Summary and reflections
10. Mobility
	10.1. Introduction
	10.2. The architecture of mobility in prehistoric Anatolia
		10.2.1. Theme 22: Living light
		10.2.2. Theme 23: Shortening house histories
		10.2.3. Theme 24: The pastoral home
		10.2.4. Theme 25: Ritual in the landscape
	10.3. Summary and reflections
11. Warfare
	11.1. Introduction
	11.2. Architectural indicators of warfare
		11.2.1. Theme 26: Fortifying the settlement
		11.2.2. Theme 27: Fortifying houses
		11.2.3. Theme 28: Results of warfare
	11.3. Summary and reflections
12. Looking Forward and Back
	12.1. Evaluating the methodology used in this book
	12.2. Building blocks of Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic social organisation
	12.3. Reflections: the epistemology of architecture and social organisation
Bibliography
Appendix 1: Results of Content Analysis: Architectural
Indicators of Household Autonomy
Appendix 2: Results of Content Analysis: Architectural
Indicators of Suprahousehold Integration
Appendix 3: Results of Content Analysis: Architectural Indicators
of Social Competition and Social Stratification
Appendix 4: Results of Content Analysis: Architectural Indicators of Mobility
Appendix 5: Results of Content Analysis: Architectural Indicators of Warfare
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