Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design

Cover......Page 1
About the Cover......Page 3
Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design: Seventh Edition......Page 4
 Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
About the Author......Page 20
 Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete......Page 22
 Reinforced Concrete Members......Page 23
 Factors Affecting Choice of Reinforced Concrete for a Structure......Page 27
 Historical Development of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete as Structural Materials......Page 28
 References......Page 31
 The Design Process......Page 33
 Limit States and the Design of Reinforced Concrete......Page 34
 Structural Safety......Page 38
 Probabilistic Calculation of Safety Factors......Page 40
 Design Procedures Specified in the ACI Building Code......Page 41
 Load Factors and Load Combinations in the 2014 ACI Code......Page 43
 Loadings and Actions......Page 48
 Design for Economy......Page 58
 Sustainability......Page 59
 Accuracy of Calculations......Page 61
 References......Page 62
 Behavior of Concrete Failing in Compression......Page 64
 Compressive Strength of Concrete......Page 67
 Strength Under Tensile and Multiaxial Loads......Page 80
 Stress–Strain Curves for Concrete......Page 88
 Time-Dependent Volume Changes......Page 94
 High-Strength Concrete......Page 106
 Lightweight Concrete......Page 108
 Fiber Reinforced Concrete......Page 109
 Durability of Concrete......Page 111
 Behavior of Concrete Exposed to High and Low Temperatures......Page 112
 Reinforcement......Page 114
 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement......Page 120
 Prestressing Steel......Page 121
 References......Page 123
 Introduction......Page 126
 Flexure Theory......Page 129
 Simplifications in Flexure Theory for Design......Page 140
 Analysis of Nominal Moment Strength for Singly Reinforced Beam Sections......Page 145
 Definition of Balanced Conditions......Page 152
 Code Definitions of Tension-Controlled and Compression-Controlled Sections......Page 153
 Beams with Compression Reinforcement......Page 163
 Analysis of Flanged Sections......Page 173
 Unsymmetrical Beam Sections......Page 186
 References......Page 193
 Analysis of Continuous One-Way Floor Systems......Page 194
 Design of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections with Rectangular Compression Zones......Page 216
 Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam Sections......Page 241
 Design of Continuous One-Way Slabs......Page 249
 References......Page 263
 Introduction......Page 264
 Basic Theory......Page 266
 Behavior of Beams Failing in Shear......Page 271
 Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams for Shear—ACI Code......Page 281
 Other Shear Design Methods......Page 308
 Hanger Reinforcement......Page 313
 Tapered Beams......Page 315
 Shear in Axially Loaded Members......Page 316
 References......Page 323
 Introduction and Basic Theory......Page 325
 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected to Torsion......Page 336
 Thin-Walled Tube Analogies......Page 337
 Design for Torsion and Shear—ACI Code Approach......Page 344
 ACI Code Design Method for Torsion......Page 358
 References......Page 379
 Introduction......Page 380
 Mechanism of Bond Transfer......Page 385
 Development Length......Page 386
 Hooked Anchorages......Page 394
 Headed and Mechanically Anchored Bars in Tension......Page 399
 Design for Anchorage......Page 400
 Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural Members......Page 406
 Reinforcement Continuity and Structural Integrity Requirements......Page 416
 Splices......Page 434
 References......Page 438
 Introduction......Page 440
 Elastic Analysis of Stresses in Beam Sections......Page 441
 Cracking......Page 451
 Deflections of Concrete Beams......Page 460
 Consideration of Deflections in Design......Page 468
 Vibrations......Page 479
 Fatigue......Page 481
 References......Page 483
 Continuity in Reinforced Concrete Structures......Page 485
 Continuous Beams......Page 489
 Design of Girders......Page 510
 Joist Floors......Page 511
 Moment Redistribution......Page 513
 References......Page 515
 Introduction......Page 516
 Tied and Spiral Columns......Page 517
 Interaction Diagrams......Page 523
 Interaction Diagrams for Reinforced Concrete Columns......Page 525
 Design of Short Columns......Page 544
 Contributions of Steel and Concrete to Column Strength......Page 565
 Biaxially Loaded Columns......Page 566
 References......Page 579
 Introduction......Page 580
 Behavior and Analysis of Pin-Ended Columns......Page 585
 Design of Columns in Nonsway Frames......Page 603
 Behavior of Restrained Columns in Sway Frames......Page 614
 Calculation of Moments in Sway Frames Using Second-Order Analyses......Page 617
 Design of Columns in Sway Frames......Page 622
 Torsional Critical Load......Page 640
 References......Page 643
 Introduction......Page 645
 Behavior of Slabs Loaded to Failure in Flexure......Page 647
 Analysis of Moments in Two-Way Slabs......Page 650
 Distribution of Moments in Slabs......Page 654
 Design of Slabs......Page 660
 The Direct-Design Method......Page 665
 Equivalent-Frame Methods......Page 680
 Use of Computers for an Equivalent-Frame Analysis......Page 702
 Shear Strength of Two-Way Slabs......Page 708
 Combined Shear and Moment Transfer in Two-Way Slabs......Page 726
 Details and Reinforcement Requirements......Page 745
 Design of Slabs Without Beams......Page 750
 Design of Slabs with Beams in Two Directions......Page 776
 Construction Loads on Slabs......Page 786
 Deflections in Two-Way Slab Systems......Page 788
 Use of Post-Tensioning......Page 792
 References......Page 797
 Review of Elastic Analysis of Slabs......Page 800
 Design Moments from a Finite-Element Analysis......Page 802
 Yield-Line Analysis of Slabs: Introduction......Page 804
 Yield-Line Analysis: Applications for Two-Way Slab Panels......Page 811
 Yield-Line Patterns at Discontinuous Corners......Page 821
 Yield-Line Patterns at Columns or at Concentrated Loads......Page 822
 References......Page 826
 Soil Pressure Under Footings......Page 827
 Structural Action of Strip and Spread Footings......Page 835
 Strip or Wall Footings......Page 842
 Spread Footings......Page 845
 Combined Footings......Page 859
 Pile Caps......Page 869
 References......Page 872
 Shear Friction......Page 873
 Composite Concrete Beams......Page 884
 References......Page 893
 Introduction......Page 894
 Struts......Page 897
 Ties......Page 903
 Nodes and Nodal Zones......Page 904
 Other Strut-and-Tie Elements......Page 911
 Layout of Strut-and-Tie Models......Page 913
 Deep Beams......Page 917
 Continuous Deep Beams......Page 929
 Brackets and Corbels......Page 942
 Dapped Ends......Page 953
 Beam–Column Joints......Page 960
 Bearing Strength......Page 972
 T-Beam Flanges......Page 974
 References......Page 977
 Introduction......Page 980
 Bearing Walls......Page 983
 Shear Walls......Page 987
 Lateral Load-Resisting Systems for Buildings......Page 988
 Shear-Wall–Frame Interaction......Page 990
 Coupled Shear Walls......Page 991
 Design of Structural Walls—General......Page 996
 Flexural Strength of Shear Walls......Page 1006
 Shear Strength of Shear Walls......Page 1012
 Critical Loads for Axially Loaded Walls......Page 1024
 References......Page 1032
 Introduction......Page 1034
 Seismic Response Spectra......Page 1035
 Seismic Design Requirements......Page 1040
 Seismic Forces on Structures......Page 1044
 Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Members......Page 1048
 General ACI Code Provisions for Seismic Design......Page 1049
 Beams in Special Moment Frames......Page 1053
 Columns in Special Moment Frames......Page 1067
 Joints of Special Moment Frames......Page 1077
 Structural Diaphragms......Page 1079
 Structural Walls......Page 1081
 Foundations......Page 1089
 References......Page 1090
Appendix A: Design Aids......Page 1092
Appendix B: Notation......Page 1142
Index......Page 1150