Regime Changes and Socio-economic History of Rural Myanmar, 1986-2019

Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Introduction: The History of Myanmar’s Political and Economic System, and the Structure of This Book
2 Agricultural and Rural Policies Amid Regime Changes
	2.1 Agricultural Land Policy
		2.1.1 The Period of Post-Independence Civil Administration
		2.1.2 The Period of the “Burmese Way to Socialism”
		2.1.3 Military Period
		2.1.4 Democratisation Period
	2.2 Procurement System
	2.3 System of Planned Cultivation
	2.4 The Three Pillars Amid Changing Politico-Economic Systems
	2.5 Changes in Rural Village Policy
3 Agriculture and Rural Villages in the National Economy
	3.1 Trends in Agriculture Amid Regime Changes
		3.1.1 Land Utilisation
		3.1.2 Six Categories of Agricultural Land
		3.1.3 Sown Area of Major Crops
		3.1.4 Positioning of Agriculture in the National Economy
	3.2 Cultivation Rights and Landless Households
	3.3 Village Social Economy from the Viewpoint of Employment and Consumption
		3.3.1 First Population and Housing Census in 31 Years
		3.3.2 Employment and Unemployment Rates in Urban and Rural Areas
		3.3.3 Rural Economy Viewed by Employment Structure
		3.3.4 Consumption Structure of Rural Households
4 A Socio-economic History of Two Villages
	4.1 The Origins of the Villages
		4.1.1 Zeepinwea (Zîpinwê) Village
		4.1.2 Thindaunggyi (Thindaunjî) Village
	4.2 Climate and Topography
		4.2.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.2.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.3 Population History
		4.3.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.3.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.4 Transformation of Occupational Structure
		4.4.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.4.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.5 Changes in Farmland Holdings
		4.5.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.5.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.6 Transformation of Agricultural Production
		4.6.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.6.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.7 Fertiliser Input and Yield
		4.7.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.7.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.8 Changes in Agricultural Prices
		4.8.1 Zeepinwea Village
		4.8.2 Thindaunggyi Village
	4.9 Expansion of the Non-agricultural Sector
	4.10 Transformation of the Village Life
		4.10.1 Transportation Infrastructure
		4.10.2 Electrification
		4.10.3 Water for Domestic Use
		4.10.4 Information
		4.10.5 Houses
		4.10.6 Education
		4.10.7 Religion
		4.10.8 Social Expenditure
5 Revitalising a Village Through Buddhism: Thindaunggyi Village and Shwetheindaw Paya
	5.1 History of the Development of Shwetheindaw Paya
	5.2 Revenue Structure of Shwetheindaw Paya
	5.3 Expenditure Structure of Shwetheindaw Paya
	5.4 Economic Ripple Effects of Shwetheindaw Paya
6 Villagers on the Move: Mixed Multi-ethnic Settlement in Zeepinwea Village
	6.1 Factors of Increase and Decrease in the Number of Households
	6.2 Households that Moved Out of the Village
	6.3 Households that Moved into the Village
	6.4 Migrations of Individual Villagers
7 Myanmar Village Society: Comparing with Japan and Thailand
	7.1 Genealogies of Village Society Theories
		7.1.1 Japan
		7.1.2 Thailand
		7.1.3 Myanmar
		7.1.4 Two Genealogies of Theories on Village Society
	7.2 Myanmar Villages from the Viewpoint of Group Formation
		7.2.1 Land and Water Management and the Villages
		7.2.2 Religion and the Villages
		7.2.3 Groups and Organisations Within the Villages
	7.3 The Village as an Object of Cognition and as a Subjective Social Sphere
		7.3.1 Myanmar Type Multi-household Compound
		7.3.2 The “Logic of Interpersonal Relationship”, the “Logic of Frequent Contact”, and the “Relatives of the Place”
		7.3.3 The Cyclical Structure of Forming Groups and Recognising in Myanmar Villages
8 A Myanmar Village is a Community of Life
	8.1 Defining “Collective” and “Community”
	8.2 Political Power, the Village, and Groups and Organisations for Production
		8.2.1 Farmland Management and the Villages
		8.2.2 Taxation in Kind and the Villages
		8.2.3 Irrigation and Drainage Management and the Villages
		8.2.4 Cooperatives and the Villages
		8.2.5 Common Land and the Villages
		8.2.6 Agricultural Production and the Villages
		8.2.7 Labour Exchange and Collaborative Labour in the Villages
	8.3 Groups and Organisations for Life
		8.3.1 Village Common Funds and Finances
		8.3.2 Mutual Financing Associations and the Villages
		8.3.3 Congratulation and Condolence Associations
		8.3.4 Governmental Organisations and Autogenous Organisations
	8.4 Faith-Related Groups and Organisations and the Villages
	8.5 A Myanmar Village is a Community of Life
	8.6 Collective Failure
9 Conclusion: Change and Continuity in the Social Economy of Rural Myanmar
Epilogue
Bibliography
Index