Reformation Thought: An Introduction

Reformation Thought
	Detailed Contents
	1: The Reformation: An Introduction
		The Cry for Reform
		The Concept of “Reformation”
			The Lutheran Reformation
			The Reformed Church
			The Radical Reformation (Anabaptism)
			The Catholic Reformation
		The Importance of Printing
		The Use of the Vernacular in Theological Debates
		The Social Context of the Reformation
		The Religious Concerns of the Reformers: A Brief Overview
	2: Christianity in the Late Middle Ages
		The Growth of Popular Religion
		The Rise in Anti-Clericalism
		The Rise of Doctrinal Pluralism
		A Crisis of Authority within the Church
		An English Case Study: Lollardy
	3: Humanism and the Reformation
		The Concept of “Renaissance”
		The Concept of “Humanism”
			Classical Scholarship and Philology
			The New Philosophy of the Renaissance
		Kristeller’s View of Humanism
		Ad Fontes – Back to the Fountainhead
		Northern European Humanism
			The Northern European Reception of the Italian Renaissance
			The Ideals of Northern European Humanism
			Eastern Swiss Humanism
			French Legal Humanism
		Erasmus of Rotterdam
			The Critique of the Vulgate Text
			Editions of Patristic Writers
		Humanism and the Reformation – An Evaluation
			Humanism and the Swiss Reformation
			Humanism and the Wittenberg Reformation
			Tensions between the Reformation and Humanism
	4: Scholasticism and the Reformation
		“Scholasticism” Defined
		Scholasticism and the Universities
		Types of Scholasticism
			Realism versus Nominalism
			“Pelagianism” and “Augustinianism”
			The Via Moderna
			The Schola Augustiniana Moderna
		The Impact of Medieval Scholasticism upon the Reformation
			Luther’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism
			Calvin’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism
	5: The Reformers: A Biographical Introduction
		Martin Luther (1483–1546)
		Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531)
		Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560)
		Martin Bucer (1491–1551)
		John Calvin (1509–64)
	6: The Return to the Bible
		Scripture in the Middle Ages
			The Concept of “Tradition”
			The Vulgate Translation of the Bible
			The Medieval Vernacular Versions of Scripture
		The Humanists and the Bible
		The Bible and the Protestant Reformation
			The Canon of Scripture
			The Authority of Scripture
			The Role of Tradition
			Methods of Interpreting Scripture
			The Right to Interpret Scripture
			The Translation of Scripture
		The Catholic Response: Trent on Scripture and Tradition
	7: The Doctrine of Justification by Faith
		A Foundational Theme: Redemption through Christ
		Justification and Martin Luther’s Theological Breakthrough
			Luther’s Early Views on Justification
			Luther’s Discovery of the “Righteousness of God”
			The Nature of Justifying Faith
			Consequences of Luther’s Doctrine of Justification
		The Concept of “Forensic Justification”
		Divergences among the Reformers on Justification
			Justification and the Swiss Reformation
			Later Developments: Bucer and Calvin on Justification
		Theological Diplomacy: “Double Justification”
		The Catholic Response: Trent on Justification
			The Nature of Justification
			The Nature of Justifying Righteousness
			The Nature of Justifying Faith
			The Assurance of Salvation
	8: The Doctrine of the Church
		The Background to the Reformation Debates: The Donatist Controversy
			The Context of the Reformation Views on the Church
		Luther on the Nature of the Church
		The Radical View of the Church
		Tensions within Luther’s Doctrine of the Church
		Calvin on the Nature of the Church
			The Two Marks of the Church
			The Structures of the Church
			Calvin on the Church and Consistory
			Calvin on the Role of the Church
		The Debate over the Catholicity of the Church
		The Council of Trent on the Church
	9: The Doctrine of the Sacraments
		The Background to the Sacramental Debates
		The Sacraments and the Promises of Grace
		Luther on the Sacraments
			Luther on the Real Presence
			Luther on Infant Baptism
		Zwingli on the Sacraments
			Zwingli on the Real Presence
			Zwingli on Infant Baptism
		Luther versus Zwingli: A Summary and Evaluation
		Anabaptist Views on the Sacraments
		Calvin on the Sacraments
		The Catholic Response: Trent on the Sacraments
	10: The Doctrine of Predestination
		The Background to the Reformation Debates over Predestination
		Zwingli on the Divine Sovereignty
		Melanchthon’s Changing Views on Predestination
		Calvin on Predestination
		Predestination in Later Reformed Theology
	11: The Political Thought of the Reformation
		The Radical Reformation and Secular Authority
		Luther’s Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms
		Zwingli on the State and Magistrate
		Bucer on Magistrate and Ministry
		Calvin on Magistrate and Ministry
	12: The Religious Ideas of the English Reformation
		The Social Role of Religious Ideas: Germany and England
		English Humanism
		The Origins of the English Reformation: Henry VIII
		The Consolidation of the English Reformation: Edward VI to Elizabeth I
		Justification by Faith in the English Reformation
		The Real Presence in the English Reformation
	13: The Diffusion of the Thought of the Reformation
		The Physical Agencies of Diffusion
			The Vernacular
			Books
			The Interchange of People
		The Diffusion of Ideas: The Key Texts
			The Catechisms
			Confessions of Faith
			Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion
	14: The Impact of Reformation Thought upon History
		An Affirmative Attitude Toward the World
		The Protestant Work Ethic
		Reformation Thought and the Origins of Capitalism
		Reformation Thought and Political Change
		Reformation Thought and the Emergence of the Natural Sciences
		Reformation Ecclesiologies and the Modern World
		Conclusion
	Appendix 1: A Glossary of Theological and Historical Terms
	Appendix 2: English Translations of Major Primary Sources
	Appendix 3: Standard Abbreviations of Major Journals and Sources
	Appendix 4: How to Refer to Major Primary Sources
	Appendix 5: Referring to the Psalms in the Sixteenth Century
	Appendix 6: Updating Reformation Bibliographies
	Appendix 7: Chronology of Political and Intellectual History
	Index