Redesigning Wiretapping: The Digitization of Communications Interception

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 Information Security and Communications Interception
	1.2 The Scant Bibliography on Communications Interception
	1.3 British Literature on Analog Communications Interception
	1.4 American Literature on Analog Communications Interception
	1.5 Information Security, Bureaucracy, Secrecy and Surveillance
	1.6 A Polemical Contribution to the Literature on Information Security
Chapter 2: The Context
	2.1 Regulating and Policing Telecommunications Networks
	2.2 The State and Telecommunications Providers
	2.3 The Onset of Digitization and Informatization
	2.4 Deregulation of the Telecommunications Sector
	2.5 Privatization and Deregulation as Anathemas Wiretapping
	2.6 The Introduction of Wiretapping Legislation
	2.7 Implications for Information Security
Chapter 3: The Government and Telecommunications: A Complex History
	3.1 Messenger Boys and Telephones
	3.2 Telephony´s Takeover in the United Kingdom
	3.3 Challenging the Motives Behind Nationalization
	3.4 The Socio-Political Context of the Nationalization of Telephony
	3.5 United States: Regulating Deregulation
	3.6 American Telephony and the National Interest
	3.7 Regulatory Discretion as a Platform of Negotiation
	3.8 Summary: Regulation as a Political Choice
Chapter 4: The Interception of Communications in Historical Context
	4.1 Britain: Bobbies on the Line
	4.2 United States: Telephones and Alcohol
	4.3 Early Uses of Wiretapping
	4.4 The Legal Pretexts of Wiretapping
	4.5 The Regulatory Dysfunction of Historical Wiretapping
	4.6 Wiretapping in Practice
	4.7 Considerations on the Actual Extent of Wiretapping
	4.8 The Industry-State Telecommunications Interface
	4.9 Discussion: A Debate That Isn´t
	4.10 Summary: A Fine Line Between Discretion and Abuse
Chapter 5: The Techniques of Communications Interception
	5.1 The Micro-mechanics of Analog Communications Interception
	5.2 DNR-Based Hardwired Taps
	5.3 Cross-Connect Box Hardwired Taps
	5.4 Loading Coil-Based Hardwired Taps
	5.5 REMOBS Unit-Based Softwired Taps
	5.6 Enter Digital Telephony
	5.7 Digitization as a Barrier to Communications Interception
	5.8 Communications Interception and Custom Calling Services
	5.9 Enter Digital Wireless Telephony
	5.10 Battling for Standards
	5.11 The Switch Solution
	5.12 United States: Intercepting the Internet with DragonWare and DCS 1000
	5.13 United Kingdom: Active, Semi-Active and Passive Interception on the Internet
	5.14 Towards a Permanent Interception Presence
	5.15 Summary
Chapter 6: The Views of the Negotiators
	6.1 Interception of Communications as a Social Tool
	6.2 The Technological Promise of RIPA and CALEA
	6.3 The Ability to Intercept in the Digital Environment
	6.4 Law Enforcement´s Knowledge Gap
	6.5 Shifting the Communications Interception Paradigm
	6.6 TSPs as Guarantors of Communications-Interception Legality
	6.7 TSPs as New Trenches of Communications Security and Control
	6.8 The TSP/Law Enforcement Interface Under RIPA and CALEA
	6.9 Exchanging State Monopoly for Chaos
	6.10 Communications Interception in a Global Deregulatory Environment
	6.11 The Cultural Shift of Deregulation
	6.12 The Financial Shift of Deregulation
	6.13 Negotiating Over Digital Communications Interception
	6.14 Law Enforcement Disunited
	6.15 The Industry Mosaic
	6.16 Challenging RIPA: The Illusion of Negotiations
	6.17 Challenging RIPA: The Fraud Card
	6.18 Challenging CALEA: Climbing the Hill
	6.19 Defending RIPA: Backdoor Lobbying
	6.20 Defending CALEA: The Rhetoric of Emotion
	6.21 Citizen Participation: The Crucial Absence
	6.22 Communications Interception and Accountability
	6.23 Summary
Chapter 7: The Trajectories of Communications Interception
	7.1 Comparing Transatlantic Case Studies
	7.2 Communications Interception in a Deregulated Market Environment
	7.3 Industry´s Elevated Role in Communications Interception
	7.4 Deregulation an Anathema to Communications Interception
	7.5 Blackboxing the Communications-Interception Debate
Chapter 8: Epilogue: Surveillance in the Information Society
	8.1 A Political Economy of Information Security
	8.2 The Effects of the 9/11 Attacks
	8.3 The Pluralism of Information-Security Policy-Making
	8.4 Sociotechnical Trends in Communications Interception
	8.5 Questions for Future Research
References