Recourse to force

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 14
The legacy of Sir Hersch Lauterpacht......Page 15
The use of force under the UN Charter system......Page 16
Adaptability of the Charter as a quasi-constitutional instrument......Page 19
War in the pre-Charter era......Page 23
The Charter's constraints on violence......Page 25
Anticipated problems in banning violence: between the desiderata of perpetual peace and perfect justice......Page 28
The drafters' vision......Page 33
The Charter and uses of force......Page 34
Collective use of armed force: original intent......Page 35
The practice: uncoupling Article 42 from Article 43......Page 38
The role of the General Assembly: original intent......Page 45
Adapting General Assembly powers: “Uniting for Peace”......Page 47
Inventing “Chapter 6 1/2”......Page 53
Expanding the concept of threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, and acts of aggression......Page 54
Self-defense: the drafting history......Page 59
Analyzing practice of collective self-defense......Page 65
4 Self-defense against state-sponsored terrorists and infiltrators......Page 67
Israel–Egypt (1956)......Page 69
OAS–Dominican Republic (1960)......Page 70
Israel–Lebanon (1982)......Page 71
US–Nicaragua (1980–1986)......Page 74
Turkey–Iraq (1995)......Page 77
The law of countermeasures against terrorism......Page 78
5 Self-defense against ideological subversion......Page 83
Warsaw Pact–Hungary (1956)......Page 84
US–Dominican Republic (1965)......Page 86
USSR–Czechoslovakia (1968)......Page 87
Conclusions......Page 89
6 Self-defense against attacks on citizens abroad......Page 90
Belgium–The Congo (1960, 1964)......Page 92
Turkey–Cyprus (1964)......Page 93
US–Dominican Republic (1965)......Page 95
Israel–Uganda (1976)......Page 96
US–Grenada (1983)......Page 100
US–Egypt (1985–1986)......Page 102
US–Libya (1986)......Page 103
US–Panama (1989)......Page 105
US–Afghanistan and Sudan (1998)......Page 108
Conclusions......Page 110
Anticipatory use of force in self-defense as a legal concept......Page 111
The Cuba missile crisis (1962–1963)......Page 113
Israeli-Arab War (1967)......Page 115
Israel–Iraq (nuclear reactor) (1981)......Page 119
Conclusions......Page 121
The “self-help” dilemma......Page 123
Israel–Argentina (1960)......Page 126
India–Portugal (1961)......Page 128
Turkey–Cyprus (1974)......Page 131
Morocco (Mauritania)–Spain (1975)......Page 135
Indonesia–East Timor (1975)......Page 141
Argentina–UK (Malvinas/Falklands) (1982)......Page 143
Conclusions......Page 145
Definition......Page 149
India–Bangla Desh (1971)......Page 153
Tanzania–Uganda (1978)......Page 157
Vietnam–Kampuchea (1978–1979)......Page 159
France–Central African Empire (1979)......Page 165
France, UK, and US–Iraq (the Kurds, 1991)......Page 166
ECOMOG–Liberia, Sierra Leone (1989–1999)......Page 169
NATO–Yugoslavia (Kosovo) (1999)......Page 177
Conclusions......Page 185
10 What, eat the cabin boy? Uses of force that are illegal but justifiable......Page 188
Index......Page 206