Recent Trends in Mechanical Engineering: Select Proceedings of PRIME 2021 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Development of a Combined Evaporative Cooling System with Eco-Friendly Nozzles and Encapsulated Phase Change Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup Designing and Investigation
		2.1 Aqueous Salt Solutions for Cooling Application
		2.2 Phase Change Material-Based Water Cooler
		2.3 Eco-Friendly Convergent Nozzles
	3 Design Characteristics, Transient Flow and Thermal Analysis of Convergent Nozzles
		3.1 CFD Analysis and Selection of Suitable Nozzle
	4 Results of CFD Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 CFD Analysis Results of Nozzle Having 10.8 cm Inlet Diameter
		4.2 CFD Analysis Results of Nozzle Having 12 cm Inlet Diameter
	5 Experimental Analysis
	6 Findings
	7 Conclusion
	References
Multi-objective Optimization of Green Drilling Parameters on HcHcr Steel Using GRA-TOPSIS with PCA Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Work Material
		2.2 Design of Experiment
		2.3 Experimental Procedure and Measurement
		2.4 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
		2.5 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Multi-objective Optimization Using GRA-PCA
		3.2 Confirmatory Experiments for GRA-PCA
		3.3 ANOVA for GRA-PCA
		3.4 Multi-objective Optimization Using TOPSIS-PCA
		3.5 Confirmatory Experiments for TOPSIS-PCA
		3.6 ANOVA for TOPSIS-PCA
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Analysis of Supersonic Axisymmetric Inlet with Single Ramp
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometry Specifications
	3 Mesh
		3.1 Boundary Conditions
		3.2 Solver
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Bibliography
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy AA2024-T4
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Investigation
	3 Numerical Investigation
		3.1 Heat Transfer Model
		3.2 Finite Element Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Temperature Distribution
		4.2 Validation of the Thermal Model
		4.3 Tensile Test Study
		4.4 Microstructural Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Artificial Neural Network-Based Expert System for Bi-directional Prediction of the Parameters of Single-Layer Deposition by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Statistical Modelling and Data Generation
		2.3 ANN Modelling for Forward and Backward Mappings
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Intermixing on Thermal Performance of Converged-Diverged Microchannel Heat Sinks for High Heat Flux Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definition
		2.1 Geometry Description
		2.2 Meshing Description
		2.3 CFD Simulation Assumptions and Boundary Conditions
		2.4 Conjugate Heat Transfer Module
		2.5 Optimization Module
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Validation
		3.2 Grid Independence Test
		3.3 Enhanced Observational Study
	4 Conclusion
	References
Static Analysis for Stress Concentration Due to Elliptical Notches of Laminated Plates
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 Displacement Fields
		2.2 Strains Derived from Displacement Field
		2.3 Stress Strain Relations
		2.4 Stress Concentration Factor (SCF)
		2.5 Minimum Potential Energy Approach
		2.6 Governing Equation
		2.7 Solution Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of Subsonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor Blade
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fuzzy Logic-Based PID Controller Design for Car Suspension System with Magneto-Rheological Damper
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of Quarter Car Suspension System
		2.1 MR Damper of Suspension System
	3 Fuzzy Logic-Based PID (FLPID) Controller
		3.1 Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller
		3.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller
	4 Simulation Results
		4.1 Road Profiles
		4.2 Analysis of Road Input Disturbance
	5 Conclusions
	References
Multi-frequency Approximation for a Hysteretically Damped Tuned Mass System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Tuned Mass System with Hysteretic Damping
	2 Direct Numerical Simulation
		2.1 Multi-frequency Approximation
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
CFD Analysis of Particle Shape and Size on Impact Velocity and Effect of Stand-off Distance in the Cold Spray Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Model, Material, and Methodology
		2.1 Geometry
		2.2 Computational Field and Boundary Condition
		2.3 Governing Equations and Material Properties
		2.4 Numerical Simulation
	3 Outcomes and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Shape and Size on Impact Velocity and Temperature
		3.2 Effect of Standoff Distance on Impact Velocity and Temperature
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of Evaporator Coil Performance with Ethylene Glycol
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Rig Fabrication
		2.1 Components of Experimental Setup
		2.2 Geometry of Evaporator Coil
	3 Experimental Procedure
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Combined Ejector Refrigeration Cycle Using Eco-Friendly Refrigerants
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Thermodynamic Modeling and Analysis
		3.1 First Law Analysis
		3.2 Second Law Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Emission Characteristics of Split Injection System in Low-Temperature Combustion Diesel Engine: A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 LTC Strategies
		1.2 Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
		1.3 Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
		1.4 Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
	2 Conclusion
	References
Selection of Suitable Material for the Solar Panel Using SWARA and COPRAS Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Production of Sunflower Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engine: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Production Methodology
		2.1 Catalysts
	3 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Review of Cold Spray Coating Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Bonding Mechanism and Impact Phenomena
	3 Preparation of Powders
	4 Overview of Some Nano-Metallic Powders Used for Cold Spray Coating
	5 Comparison of Cold Spray to Competitive Technologies and Advantages
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Comprehensive Review on Dynamics of Droplet Impact on Airfoil Surface and Its Adverse Impact on Airfoil Performance Characteristics
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamics of Droplet Strike on the Surface of the Airfoil
	3 Flow Field Characteristics in Presence of Rainfall
		3.1 Mechanism of Interaction of Water Droplet with Solid Wall
	4 Conclusion
	References
Thermodynamic Analysis of an Integrated OTEC-Based Multi-Generation Plant for Hydrogen and Freshwater Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Analysis
		2.1 PTC-1000 Solar Collector
		2.2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Unit (OTEC)
		2.3 Multi-Effect Distillation Plant (MED)
		2.4 Boiler
		2.5 Overall Energy Efficiency
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Electrodeposited Copper Ions
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection
	3 Prediction Model and Analysis
		3.1 Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)
		3.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
		3.3 Linear Regression
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Physical Properties and Tribological Wear Behavior of Al-Based Composite Alloy Using Unidirectional Tribo Tester
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Used
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Synthesis of (Al, Cu)3Ti Powder Mix
		3.2 Investigation of Physical, Mechanical Properties, and Wear Study
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Recognition of Prior Learning in INDIA: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Initiatives in India Leading Towards RPL
		2.1 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)—Skill Knowledge Provider (SKP) Scheme
		2.2 National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)—Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
	3 RPL Process: “The RPL Process Comprises of Five Steps, Specified in Fig. 1”
		3.1 Mobilization
		3.2 Counselling and Pre-screening
		3.3 Orientation
		3.4 Final Assessment
		3.5 Certification and Payout
	4 PPP-Based RPL Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Skill Development Ecosystem: A Brief Study on Policies and Projects in Context of India
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Skill Development Ecosystem in India
		1.2 Skill Development Hierarchy in India
	2 Overview of Key Policies and Reports
		2.1 National Skill Development Policy 2015
		2.2 National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF)
		2.3 Annual Report by NSDC, 2015–16
		2.4 Annual Report of 2016–17 by MSDE
		2.5 New Education Policy (NEP) 2020
	3 Overview of Key Skill Development Projects
		3.1 Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
		3.2 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna (PMKVY)
		3.3 Udaan
		3.4 Seekho Aur Kamao (Learn and Earn)
		3.5 Other State Level Projects
	4 Reviews by International Bodies of Indian Skill Development Ecosystem and Policies
		4.1 The Australian Education International of Australian Government
		4.2 European Center for the Development of Vocational Training
	5 Conclusion
	References
Prediction of CI Engine Exhaust Emissions and Performance Using ANN
	1 Introduction
		1.1 ANN Feasibility
	2 ANN Introduction
		2.1 ANN Structure
		2.2 Activation Function
		2.3 Loss Function and Learning Algorithm
		2.4 ANN Application in Mechanical Engineering
	3 Performance and Emissions Using ANN in CI Engine
		3.1 Bio-Diesel
		3.2 Nanoparticles
		3.3 Alcohols and CNG
	4 Conclusion
	References
Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Solar Dish Stirling Heat Engine with Bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle
	1 Introduction
	2 Solar Stirling-ORC Combined Cycle Thermodynamic Model
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Tribological Properties of Mild Steel Improved by Laser Cladding Process Using Different Coating Powder
	1 Introduction
	2 Laser Cladding Procedure
		2.1 Preparation of Substrate and Coating Powder
		2.2 Methods to Use Coating Powder
		2.3 Feeding Methods of Cladding Materials
		2.4 Parameters of the Laser Cladding Process
	3 Discussion of Results
		3.1 Microstructure and Phase Analysis of the Coated Layer
		3.2 Microhardness of the Composite Coating
		3.3 About the Wear Resistance of the Coating
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Numerical Study for Estimation of the Solar Irradiance on Dome Shaped Solar Collectors/Stills
	1 Introduction
	2 Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation on Curved Surface
		2.1 Mathematical Modelling of Radiation Influx
		2.2 Radiation on Hemispherical Surface
		2.3 Radiation on Dome Surface
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Vibrational Analysis of Ceramic-Based Nose Cone Using ANSYS
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulae
	3 Modeling and Analysis
	4 Materials
	5 Result and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 AM in the Industry 4.0 Framework
	3 Exhuming the Potential of AM in a Multitude of Explorations
		3.1 Product Development (PD)
		3.2 Process Optimization
	4 Summary of the Current Developments in AM Technologies and Industry 4.0
	5 Conclusion, Challenges, and Future Scopes
	References
A Comparison of Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Specimens Based on Filament Quality
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Wind Energy for Power Generation in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Global Scenario of Wind Energy
	3 Wind Map of India
	4 Wind Power of Turbine
	5 Potential of Wind Energy
	6 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Portable Graphene Water Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Polymer Heat Sink for Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of a Polymer-Based BTMS System
	3 Domain Discretization, Boundary Conditions and Assumptions
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Implications of Volumetric Porosity-Based Interpretation of Mechanical Properties Associated to Structures with Constant Engineered Porosity
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description and Solution Method
		2.1 Background
		2.2 Problem Statement
		2.3 Objective
		2.4 Solution Method
		2.5 Contribution
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Numerical Results for Validation of Applied Methodology
		3.2 Mapping of Young’s Moduli of Porous Lattice Structure with Empirical Parameters Related to Pores Shape at Constant Bulk Porosity Level
	4 Conclusions
	References
Intake Boosting Techniques in Internal Combustion Engines to Increase Engine Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Turbochargers
		2.1 Electrically Turbocharged Engine
		2.2 Dual-Stage Turbocharger
		2.3 Turbo-Compounding
	3 Dual Intake Manifold
	4 Air Intake Temperature
		4.1 Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
		4.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions
		4.3 Unburnt Hydrocarbons’ (UHCs) Emissions
		4.4 Cold Air Intake
	5 Conclusion
	References
Buckling Analysis of Square Composite Plate with Rectangular Cutout
	1 Introduction
	2 Analyzed Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Ply Orientation
		3.2 Effect of Size of the Plate
		3.3 Effect of Cutout
		3.4 Effect of Variation in Aspect Ratio of Cutout (Horizontally)
		3.5 Effect of Variation in Aspect Ratio of Cutout (Vertically)
		3.6 Effect of Orientation of Cutout
	4 Conclusion
	References
Stochastic Fracture Analysis of FGM Plate with Edge Crack Under Mechanical Loadings using XFEM
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 Stochastic Analysis Using Perturbation Method
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Developments in Hybrid Abrasive Flow Machining: A Review on Models and Analyses
	1 Introduction
	2 Recent Developments in Hybrid AFM
		2.1 Mathematical Models and Experimental Analysis of Hybrid AFM Processes
		2.2 Models on AFM and Its Hybrid Forms
		2.3 Hybridizations in CFAAFM
	3 Conclusion
	References
Multichannel Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design: Review and Research Directions
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Design to Optimize and Against Uncertainty
		2.2 Green and Sustainable Design Supply Chain Network
		2.3 Closed-Loop Supply Chain
		2.4 Multichannel Supply Chain
	3 Research Directions
	4 Summary
	References
Solar Bubble Dryer Preliminary Simulation Studies
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Development and Thermal Analysis of Prototype Bubble Drier
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
CFD Analysis of Cabinet Dryer for Optimum Air and Temperature Distribution
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Studies
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Experimentation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Fluid Flow Through an Elbow
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Experimental Study
	4 CFD Analysis
		4.1 k - ε Turbulence Model
		4.2 k - ω Turbulence Model
		4.3 Modeling and Meshing of Computational Domain
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Bending Strength of 3d Printed Composite Gears
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objective
	2 3D Printing
		2.1 Materials for 3D Printing
		2.2 Material Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
	3 Spur Gear Design
		3.1 Experimental Stress Analysis as Applied to Gear Design Problem
		3.2 Estimation of Experimental Bending Stress
	4 Comparison of Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Efficient Robot with Wireless Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Desigining of the Prototype
	4 Results and Implementation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Future Scope
	References
A Recent Development in Indirect Type Solar Dryer: A Comprehensive Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Classification of Solar Dryers
	2 Literature Review of Indirect Solar Dryer
	3 Research Gap and Future Recommendation
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Review on Cold-Formed Steel Building Components
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Cold-Formed Steel (CFS)
		1.2 Advantages of CFS Members
	2 Classification of CFS Sections and Their Behaviour
		2.1 Individual Structural Framing Members (ISFM)
		2.2 Panels and Decks
	3 Literature Review
	4 Research Gap and Recommendation for Future Work
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Review of Recent Advancement in Solar Collector Systems for Water Heating
	1 Introduction
	2 Solar Water Heating System (SWHS)
		2.1 Active Systems
		2.2 Passive Systems
	3 Components of Solar Water Heating System (SWHS)
		3.1 Flat Plate Solar Collector (FPSC)
		3.2 Energy Analysis of Collector and Performance Study of SWHS
	4 Literature Survey of Solar Water Heating System
	5 Research Gap and Future Work
	6 Conclusion
	References
Feasibility Study of Adsorption Refrigeration System for Air Conditioning System
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
	3 Result and Discussion
	References
Design and Development of an IoT-Based Gas Monitoring System for Underground Coal Mines
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 System Architecture of the Proposed Gas Monitoring System
	4 Development of Gas Monitoring System
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding for Joining of High Strength Aluminum Alloy
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Prediction Value of Tensile Strength and Confirmation Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Through Slots and Dwarf Finned Heat Sinks on Electronic Cooling Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methodology
		3.1 The Heat Sink and the Heating Coil
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Temperature History for Steady State Analysis and Experiments with 9, 6, 5 and 3 Fin HS Configuration
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Framework for Leagile Production System Using Analytical Hierarchical Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Framework of Enablers to Leagile Production System Using AHP Methodology
	3 Inference and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Various Concepts on Variable Inertia Flywheel in Rotating System
	1 Introduction
	2 Two-Terminal Mass System
		2.1 Various Designs of VIF
		2.2 Fluidic Variable Inertia Flywheel
		2.3 Hybrid Variable Inertia Flywheel
	3 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Study of a Revolving Piezoelectric Tapered-Bimorph Beam Subjected to Pulsating Axial Load Considering Various Boundary Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modeling
	3 Numerical Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Analysis of Buoyant Balloon for Airborne Wind Turbines
	1 Introduction
	2 Selection of Airfoil with XFLR5
	3 Numerical Simulation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Pin–Fin Array for Natural Convection
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model Formation
	3 Numerical Model Validation
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Effect of Height of Fins on Average Nusselt Number
		4.2 Effect of Longitudinal Spacing of Fins on Nusselt Number
		4.3 Influence of Rayleigh Number on Nusselt Number
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study of Traction Forces at Elevated Temperatures During Micro-Scratch Tests on 45S5 Bioglass
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
	3 Experimental Details
		3.1 Sample Preparation
		3.2 Operating Parameters
		3.3 Experimental Procedure
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Study on Green Manufacturing Research from 2010 to 2020: A Bibliometric Research
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept of Green Manufacturing
	3 Research Method and the Bibliometric Indicators
	4 Results and Findings
		4.1 Publication Year
		4.2 Most Prolific Institutions
		4.3 Most Prolific Authors
		4.4 Most Prolific Countries
		4.5 Most Cited Papers
		4.6 Journals with Highest Publications
		4.7 Important Keywords in the Publications of Green Manufacturing
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Effect of Variation in Layer Thickness on Tensile Strength of a 3D-Printed Object Produced from PLA Filament
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation and Determination
		2.1 PL Filament and Specimen Preparation
		2.2 Experimental Setup
		2.3 Determination of Permissible Tensile Load
		2.4 Results and Discussions
	3 Conclusion
	References
Selection of Total Quality Management Implementation Success Factors for Vocational Education Institutes Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Analytic Hierarchy Process for Selecting Success Factors
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Determination of Pressure and Force Coefficient of Bridges Due to Wind: Practical Investigation and Simulation Using LS-DYNA
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Validation
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion and Future Prospective
	References
Investigation of the Aerodynamic Phenomenon on a Box-Cell Highway Bridge with Varying Wind Attack Angles Using Incompressible Computational Fluid Dynamics
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Overview
	2 Literature Review
	3 Introduction to LS-DYNA Incompressible CFD Solver
		3.1 Fluid Mechanics Equation
		3.2 Governing Equation
	4 ICFD Numerical Simulation and Validation
		4.1 Geometries, Boundary Condition and MESH
		4.2 Numerical Model and Simulation Results
	5 ICFD Numerical Simulation and Validation
		5.1 Preprocessing
		5.2 Solver
		5.3 Boundary Condition
		5.4 Calculation of Wind Speed
		5.5 Bridge Deck Without Shape Modification
	6 Result and Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Design and Development of Arachis Hypogaea (Peanut) Decortication Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology for Development
		2.1 Design Consideration
		2.2 Detailed Design of Machine Components
		2.3 Design of Impeller
	3 Velocity Components of Blower (Analytically)
	4 Computational Fluid Dynamics of Blower
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 CFD Analysis of Velocity Components of Blower
		5.2 Force of Air Exerted by the Blower on Shell
	6 Product Specification
	7 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Response of Simply Supported Beam Carrying Rotating Unbalance and a Damper with CuO Nanolubricants
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory
	3 Methods and Materials
		3.1 Nanolubricants
		3.2 FEA Model
	4 Experiment
	5 Measurement Scheme
	6 Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Vane Shape on the Performance of the Water Rotor
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Discussion
	3 Numerical Procedure
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design and Aerodynamic Analysis of Small HAWT Using a Novel Computational Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Airfoil and Its Operation
	3 Evaluation of Blade Shape
	4 Procedure of Blade Design
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Investigation on the Thermal Performance of Hybrid Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material in Heat Exchanger
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Validation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Mixing Tank
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Mathematical Formulation
	4 Validation
		4.1 Principle of Heat Transfer Process
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
CFD Analysis of an Automotive Turbocharger for Enhanced Engine Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Governing Equations
		2.2 Boundary Conditions
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Velocity Simulation
		3.2 Pressure Simulation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Determination of Critical Failure Surface in Soil Slope Stability
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Modeling
		2.1 Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
		2.2 Determination of FOS of the Slope
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Homogeneous Soil Slope [13]
		3.2 Comparative Study of Convergence Curve for Soil Slopes
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prediction of End-Milling Optimal Parameters Using ANN-Based NSGA-II Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup and Materials
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Full Factorial Design Analysis
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Validation of Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Study of FDM Manufactured Parts to Analyze Dimensional Accuracy
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment Details
		2.1 Design of Experiment
		2.2 CAD Design and 3D Printing
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of Length Overall (LO)
		3.2 Analysis of Width Overall (WO)
		3.3 Analysis of Thickness (T)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Application of Thermal Analysis to Study the Effect of Inoculation on the Solidification of Ductile Cast Iron
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of a Cost-Effective Floating Waste Cleaning Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System
	3 Required Tools
		3.1 Hardware Tools
		3.2 Software Tools
	4 Conclusion
	References
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Pesticide Flow-Repellent Helmet for Farmers
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and CFD Set up
		2.1 3D Computational CAD Model
		2.2 Mesh Generation
		2.3 CFD Solver Set up
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Adoption of Green Practices by Indian SMEs
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Hypothesis Development
	4 Research Methodology
	5 Findings
	6 Conclusions and Implications
	References
Real-Time Welding Defect Detection and Classification Using Artificial Intelligence and Its Implementation in Manufacturing Plants
	1 Introduction
	2 Survey of Defect Detection
	3 Convolution Neural Network
	4 Real-Time Workflow of the Proposed System Inside a Plant
	5 Model Architecture Outline
		5.1 Dataset
		5.2 Image Pre-processing and Preparation
		5.3 Modeling (Fig. 7)
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Studies of Friction for Different Forging Lubricants Using Ring Compression Test
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Ring Compression Test
		2.2 Finite Element Modeling
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Deformation of Rings
		3.2 Calibration Curves
	4 Conclusion
	References
Neural Network-Based Flow Curve Modeling of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Models
		2.1 Material and Experiment
		2.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model
		2.3 Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 ANN Model
		3.2 FNN Model
		3.3 Interpolation and Extrapolation by the FNN Model
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Personal Air Vehicles: A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Worldwide Design and Development Efforts
	2 PAVs as UAM: State-of-the-Art
	3 Design and Operational Challenges
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Comparative Study of Standard Profiles of High-Altitude Airships Based on Initial Sizing
	1 Background and Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modeling and Sizing Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Network Topology Model for Wear Behavior Prediction of Ti6Al4V Clad Magnesium Substrates
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Levenberg–Marquardt Backpropagation Algorithm for Multilayer Feedforward Network
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Forging on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminium Alloy Composites: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Hardness
		2.2 Tensile Strength
		2.3 Wear
	3 Conclusion
	4 Summary
	References
A New Journey of Hard Turning with Coated Carbide Insert: A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Hard Turning
		1.2 Cutting Tool Material
		1.3 Cutting Tool Coatings
		1.4 White Layer Formation
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Forces, Surface Roughness, and Tool Life
		2.2 White Layer
		2.3 Force Modeling
	3 Conclusions
	References
A Critical Review of Thermal-Barrier Coatings and Critical Examination on Post Heat Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Thermal-Barrier Coating
	3 Heat Treatment
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Critical Review on Design and Examination of High-Temperature Thermal Spray Carbon-Based Composite Coatings at High Temperature
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of High-Temperature Thermal Spray Carbon-Based Composite Coatings
		2.1 Design for Low Friction
		2.2 Design for Wear Resistance at High Temperature
		2.3 Design for Hardness Residual Stress at High Temperature
		2.4 Residual Stress at High Temperature
	3 Benefits and Application of High-Temperature Thermal Spray Coating
	4 Future Perspectives, Challenges, and the Conclusion
	References
The Role of Blockchain Technology: COVID-19 Pandemic Point of View
	1 Introduction
	2 Role of BCT in Various Application Areas
		2.1 Healthcare
		2.2 Food Industry
		2.3 Education
		2.4 Labor Migration
		2.5 Logistics
		2.6 Insurances
		2.7 Medicalchain
		2.8 Agridigital
		2.9 APPII
		2.10 Handshake
		2.11 Provenance
	3 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigations of Butanol as a Diesel Engine Fuel Blends
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Combustion Characteristics
		3.2 Emissions Characteristics
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Detailed Review of Friction Stir Processing
	1 Introduction
	2 Friction Stir Processing
		2.1 Principles and Process
		2.2 Operation Parameters
	3 Friction Stir Processing (FSP) Technique in Aluminum Alloys
		3.1 Friction Stir Processing (FSP) for Aluminum Alloys Without Reinforcement
		3.2 Friction Stir Processing (FSP) for Particle Reinforced Aluminum Alloys
	4 Applications of FSP for Aluminum Alloys
	5 Conclusions
	References
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Unmodified Diesel Engine Running on Waste Plastic Fuel, Diesel, and n-Butanol Blends
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials and Preparations
		2.2 Pyrolysis Setup
		2.3 Production of WPF
		2.4 Blend Preparation and Engine Setup
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Physicochemical Properties
		3.2 Performance Characteristics
		3.3 Emissions Characteristics
	4 Conclusions
	References
Correction to: Application of Thermal Analysis to Study the Effect of Inoculation on the Solidification of Ductile Cast Iron
	Correction to:  Chapter “Application of Thermal Analysis to Study the Effect of Inoculation on the Solidification of Ductile Cast Iron” in: A. Maurya et al. (eds.), Recent Trends in Mechanical Engineering, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7709-1_73