Recent Trends in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition: 6th International Conference, RTIP2R 2023, Derby, UK, December 7–8, 2023, Revised Selected ... in Computer and Information Science)

Preface
Organization
Contents – Part I
Contents – Part II
Artificial Intelligence and Applied Machine Learning
Building a Heroin Abuse Prediction Model: A Generalized Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Dataset Details
		2.2 Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Performance Evaluation Metrics
		2.4 Methods Used
		2.5 Feature Importance
	3 Results
		3.1 Result of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
		3.2 Result of Machine Learning Analysis
	4 Discussion
	References
Fake News Detection Using Transfer Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Methodology
		3.1 ULMFiT (Universal Language Model Fine-tuning)
	4 Experimental Setup
		4.1 Fake News Dataset Pre-processing
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning Envisioned Accident Detection System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Phase 1 - Vehicle Detection
		3.2 Phase 2 - Vehicle Tracking
		3.3 Phase 3 - Accident Classification
	4 Results
		4.1 AUC-ROC Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Revolutionizing Drug Discovery: Unleashing AI’s Potential in Pharmaceutical Innovation
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Technology
	3 Enabling Technology
		3.1 AI in Drug Design (DD)
		3.2 AI in Poly-Pharmacology (PP)
		3.3 AI in Drug Repurposing (DR)
		3.4 AI in Drug Screening (DS)
	4 Result
	5 Limitation
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Empathy-Driven Chatbots for the Arabic Language: A Transformer Based Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Data Collecting and Translating
		3.2 Data Cleaning and Processing
		3.3 Word-Vector Dictionary (Embedding Matrix)
		3.4 Model Evaluation
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Hyperparameters
		4.2 Experimental Environment
		4.3 Pre-training
		4.4 Fine-Tuning
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Image Classification Using Federated Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
	3 Proposed Methods
		3.1 Objective
	4 Proposed Dataset
	5 Experimental Set and Result Analysis
		5.1 Implementation Detail
		5.2 Result Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Preserving Accuracy in Federated Learning via Equitable Model and Efficient Aggregation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Creating Decentralized Datasets
		3.3 Structure of Neural Networks
		3.4 Aggregation Model
		3.5 Equitably Updating the Clients
		3.6 Comparator Algorithm
	4 Experimental Evaluations
		4.1 IID Partitioning and Evaluation
		4.2 Non-IID Partitioning and Evaluation
		4.3 Applying Equitable Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fake News Investigation Using Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Novelty
		1.2 Motivation
		1.3 Background Knowledge
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Problem Statement Modelling and Research Contributions
		2.2 Methodology
		2.3 Logistic Regression
		2.4 Decision Tree Classification
		2.5 Random Forest Classification
		2.6 Gradient Boost Classification
	3 Experimental Setup and Result Analysis
		3.1 Dataset Discription
		3.2 Pre-processing
		3.3 Results
		3.4 Conclusion
		3.5 Future Scope
	References
Deep Learning Based Bug Detection in Solidity Smart Contracts
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Bug Injection Technique
		3.2 Data Pre-processing Pipeline
		3.3 Network Architecture
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of CNN Pre-trained Model for Stock Market Trend Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Model Architecture
		3.2 CNN Architecture
		3.3 Labeling of Stock\'s Close-Price
		3.4 Image Generation
	4 Results
		4.1 Dataset and Evaluation Criterion
		4.2 Experimentation with Different Pretrained Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Energy-Efficient Design for STAR-IRS Assisted V2V Users
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Work
		1.2 Motivation and Contribution
		1.3 Organization
	2 System Model and Problem Formulation
		2.1 System Model
		2.2 Channel Model
		2.3 Energy Efficiency Evaluation
		2.4 Problem Formulation
	3 Proposed Scheme
		3.1 Markov Decision Process Model
		3.2 Environment
		3.3 Agent
		3.4 State Space
		3.5 Action Space
		3.6 Reward
	4 Performance Evaluation
		4.1 Simulation Parameters
		4.2 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Intelligent Resource Allocation Techniques with Applications to Cloud Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Machine Learning Techniques in IoT-Based Smart Grid Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Applications of Machine Learning in Modern Power Grids
	3 Cyber Security in Modern Power Grids
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Transformation of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: Adapting Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Adaptation of AI and IoT in CSR
	3 Enabling Technologies
		3.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
		3.2 Internet of Things (IoT)
		3.3 Blockchain
	4 Array of Challenges Using AI and IoT in Transformation CSR
	5 Recommendations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Various Active Learning Strategies Analysis in Image Labeling: Maximizing Performance with Minimum Labeled Data
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background and Motivation
		1.2 Hypothesis
		1.3 Objective and Contribution
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Literature Review
	4 Proposed Methodology
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Processing
		4.3 Approaches Used
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Work
	References
Applied Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
Potato Leaf Disease Classification Using Federated Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Federated Learning (FL)
	4 Dataset
	5 Experiment Results
	6 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Sugarcane Bud Detection Using YOLOv5
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Methods
		3.2 YOLOv5 Architecture
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Future Works
	References
ELA-Conv: Forgery Detection in Digital Images Based on ELA and CNN
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Active Approaches
		1.2 Passive Approaches
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Image Preprocessing
		3.2 Error Level Analysis
		3.3 CNN Architectures
		3.4 Dataset Description
		3.5 Proposed System
		3.6 Model Training
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Evaluation Metrics
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Leveraging Wavelets and Deep CNN for Sleep Pattern Recognition in Road Safety: An EEG Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Acquisition
		2.2 Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Continuous Wavelet Transform
		2.4 Dataset Generation
		2.5 Data Preparation and Transfer Learning
		2.6 Performance Assessment Metrics
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Recognition and Transcription of Archaic Handwritten Modi Script Document: A Thought-Provoking Crucial Research Area
	1 Introduction
	2 Modi Script Datasets
	3 Modi Script Document Preprocessing Methodologies
		3.1 Degradation Detection and Removal
		3.2 Skew Detection and Correction
	4 Modi Script Document Segmentation Methodologies
		4.1 Text Line Segmentation
		4.2 Character Segmentation
	5 Modi Script Alphabet Recognition Methodologies
	6 Future Directions
	7 Conclusion
	References
An Arabic Chatbot Leveraging Encoder-Decoder Architecture Enhanced with BERT
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 English Chatbots
		2.2 Arabic Chatbot
	3 Proposed Model
		3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing
		3.2 Proposed Model
	4 Experiments Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
FNMD: An Evaluation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Fake News Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Data Set
		3.2 The Implementation Process
	4 Experimental Results and Discussion
		4.1 Input Features
		4.2 Analysis of Results
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Implications
	6 Limitations
	7 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Enhancing Robotic Systems for Revolutionizing Healthcare Using Markov Decision Processes
	1 Introduction
	2 Recent Related Work
		2.1 Reinforcement Learning for Healthcare Robotics
		2.2 Application of MDPs in Specific Healthcare Domains
		2.3 Human-Robot Collaboration Using MDPs
		2.4 Incorporation of Uncertainty Modeling Techniques
		2.5 Ethical Considerations in Healthcare Robotics and MDPs
	3 MDPs and Their Variants
		3.1 Completely Observable MDP (COMDP)
		3.2 Partially Observable MDP
	4 COMDP in Robotics
	5 POMDP in Robotics
	6 Human-Robot Interaction
		6.1 Types of Interaction
		6.2 Understanding Human Intentions Using MDPs
	7 Ethical and Privacy Considerations in Healthcare Robotics
	8 Conclusion
	References
Optimizing Drone Navigation Using Shortest Path Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Haversine Method
		3.2 Dijkstra\'s Algorithm
		3.3 Travelling Salesman Problem Algorithm
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Trees Detection from Aerial Images Using the YOLOv5 Family
	1 Introduction
	2 YOLOv5 Deep Learning Object Detection Model
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Pre-processing
		3.3 Model Training
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Visualization of the Evaluation Metrics for the Four YOLOv5 Models
		4.2 Training and Validation Losses of the Four YOLOv5 Models
		4.3 Evaluation and Accuracy of the Model
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
A Study on Automatic Detection, Length and Mass Estimation of Fishes in Aqua Farming Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Dataset
	4 Methodology
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Comparitive Analysis of Various Transfer Learning Apporaches in Deep CNNs for Image Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Literature Review
	4 Proposed Methodology
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Data Augmentation
		4.3 Models Used
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Work
	References
Biometrics and Applications
Iris Recognition System in the Context of Authentication
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Iris Recognition Process
		3.2 Hamming Distance
		3.3 Artificial Neural Network
		3.4 Support Vector Machines
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance of Hamming Distance
		4.2 Performance of Feed Forward Neural Network
		4.3 Performance of Support Vector Machine
		4.4 Comparative Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning for Biometric Attack Detection and Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Litreature
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Architecture
		3.2 Video Segmentation Phase
		3.3 The Data Pre-processing Phase
		3.4 The Distribution of the Replay Attack Database
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Biometric Authentication Based on Blockchain and Watermarking
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Works
	3 Threats and Solutions in Biometric Authentication Systems
	4 Biometric Authentication Based on Blockchain and Watermarking
		4.1 Architecture of the Proposed System
		4.2 Preprocessing of Biometric Data
		4.3 Watermarking Biometric Data
		4.4 Using the Blockchain in Our Biometric Authentication System
	5 Implementation
	6 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
Hybrid Transfer Learning Approach for Emotion Analysis of Occluded Facial Expressions
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset and Preprocessing
		3.2 Model Building
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Directions
	References
Author Index