Recent Trends in Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Contents
Textile Wastewater Treatment: Possible Approaches with an Emphasis on Constructed Wetlands
	1 Introduction
	2 Textile Wastewater Characteristics
	3 Environmental Impacts of Textile Wastewater
	4 Textile Wastewater Treatment
		4.1 Physico-chemical Treatment Methods
		4.2 Biological Treatment Methods
	5 Constructed Wetlands
		5.1 Constructed Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Treatment
		5.2 Design Parameters and Operational Conditions of Constructed Wetlands
	6 Conclusions
	References
Constructed Wetland for Metals: Removal Mechanisms and Analytical Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Constructed Wetlands
	3 Description of Constructed Wetland Components
	4 Heavy Metals Management in the Constructed Wetlands
		4.1 Heavy Metal Removal Pathways Followed by Constructed Wetlands
	5 Factors Affecting Heavy Metal Removal Processes in Constructed Wetlands
	6 Scope of Future Studies
	7 Conclusion
	References
Role of Aerated Constructed Wetlands for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Municipal Wastewater
		2.1 Types of Municipal Wastewater
		2.2 Vital Contaminants and Sources in Municipal Wastewater
		2.3 Current Treatment Methods for Municipal Wastewater
	3 Constructed Wetlands (CW)
		3.1 Constructed Wetlands and Their Types
		3.2 Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
	4 Aerated Constructed Wetlands
		4.1 Criteria for Plant Selection in Aerated Constructed Wetlands
		4.2 Benefits of Aerated Constructed Wetlands
		4.3 Factors Affecting Aerated Constructed Wetland Performance
	5 Future Consideration on the Sustainability of Aerated Constructed Wetlands
	6 Conclusion
	References
Constructed Wetlands for Remediating Organic Hydrocarbons: An Approach for the Sustainable Environmental Cleanup
	1 Introduction
	2 Constructed Wetland Systems
	3 Organic Hydrocarbons and Their Types
	4 Removal Processes of Various Organic Hydrocarbons in Constructed Wetland
	5 Destructive and Non-destructive Methods
		5.1 Destructive Methods
		5.2 Non-destructive Methods
	6 Metabolic Potentials of Constructed Wetlands for Degradation of Organic Pollutants
		6.1 Organic Hydrocarbon Degradation Efficacy of Bacteria in Constructed Wetlands System
		6.2 Organic Hydrocarbon Degradation Efficacy of Fungi and Algae in Constructed Wetlands System
	7 Conclusions
	References
Constructed Wetlands as an Effective Tool for Textile Effluent Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Role of CWs
	3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell for Wastewater Treatment and Energy Recovery: An Emerging Technology
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Wetland
		1.2 Constructed Wetlands (CWs)
	2 Components of Wetlands
		2.1 Hydrology
		2.2 Subgrades, Sediments and Litter
		2.3 Vegetation Used in Wetlands
		2.4 Microbes and Bacteria
	3 Types of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
		3.1 Free Water Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (FWSF-CW)
		3.2 Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF-CWs)
		3.3 Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland (HF-CW)
		3.4 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VF-CW)
	4 Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell System (CW-MFC)
		4.1 Principle of Wastewater Treatment via Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)
		4.2 Advantages of CW-MFC
		4.3 Applications of CW-MFC
		4.4 Energy Demand for Effective Contaminant Removal
	5 Advancement in CW-MFC System and Future Perspective
	6 Conclusions
	References
Aerated Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Food Industry Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Constructed Wetlands (CWs) Types
		2.1 Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland
		2.2 Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland
		2.3 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
		2.4 Hybrid Constructed Wetland
		2.5 Baffled Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland
		2.6 Aerated Constructed Wetland
		2.7 Multi-Tropic Free Flow Engineered Wetland
	3 Types of Wastewater from Food Industries
		3.1 Beverage Production Industry Wastewater
		3.2 Slaughterhouses and Meat Industries’ Wastewater
		3.3 Dairy Industries’ Wastewater
		3.4 Starch Factory Wastewater
	4 Biochemical Mechanisms for the Microbial Biodegradation of Food Industry Wastewaters in CWs
		4.1 Nitrogen Removal
		4.2 Phosphorus Removal
	5 Mechanisms of Phytoremediation of Food Industry Wastewater in CWs
	6 Factors Influencing Wastewaters Treatment in CWs
	7 Conclusions
	References
Use of Algae in Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Wastewater Treatments
	3 Use of Algae in Wastewater Treatment
	4 Algal Bioremediation for Municipal Sewage Wastewater
	5 Oxidation/Algal/Aeration ponds
		5.1 Some of the Most Common Algal Species Used in Wastewater Treatments
		5.2 Below are Some Examples of Microalgae That have been Used in Wastewater Treatment
	6 Algal/Bacterial Consortium
	7 The Use of Algae of Favorable Characteristics in Wastewater Treatment
		7.1 Euglena sp.
	8 Microalgal Biofilm
	9 The Various Biotechnological Benefits that Result from Microalgal-Based Wastewater Treatment
	10 The Use of Algal Biomass Resulting from the Treatment of Wastewater in Biofuel Generation
		10.1 Modifications of the System to Shift it Toward Biofuel Production
	11 Biological Method for Removing Heavy Metals from Water
	12 Algae Absorption
	References
Constructed Wetlands: The Traditional System
	1 Introduction
	2 History
		2.1 Early Stage of Development
		2.2 Period 1980–2000
	3 Types of Constructed Wetland
		3.1 Types of CW Based on Hydrology
		3.2 Types of CW Based on Macrophytic Growth
	4 Construction of CW
		4.1 Site Selection
		4.2 Pretreatment
		4.3 Configuration
		4.4 Inlet Structure, Feeding Arrangements, and Outlet Structures
		4.5 Vegetation Planting
		4.6 Establishment of Vegetation
	5 Operation and Maintenance
	6 CW Biotreatment Kinetics
	7 Advantages, Limitations, and Future Prospects of a CW
	8 Conclusion
	References
The Need for Auto-Tailored Wetlands for the Treatment of Untampered Wastes of Wineries and Breweries
	1 Introduction
	2 Nature of the Effluents of Wineries and Breweries and Their Disposal Systems
		2.1 Brewery Sludge
		2.2 Brewery Solid Waste
		2.3 Distillery Wastewater
	3 The Harmful Impacts of Inappropriate Disposal of the Effluents from the Local Wineries and Breweries
	4 Microbial Remediation of the Wastes of Wineries and Breweries and the Concept of Auto-Tailored Wetlands
	5 The Impact of Auto-Tailored Wetlands for Remediation of Winery and Brewery Waste on the Social, Economic and Environmental Milieu
	6 Conclusion
	References
Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Toxic Pollutants Removal
	1 Introduction
	2 Performance of Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetlands for Toxic Organic Compounds
		2.1 Pharmaceutical Compounds
		2.2 Pesticides
		2.3 Treatment of Wastewater with Textile Dyes in HFCW
	3 Heavy Metals and Acid Mine Drainage Controlled by Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetlands
		3.1 Treatment of Industrial Effluents Containing Heavy Metals
		3.2 Pollution from Mining Activities Treatment
	4 Innovations in Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetlands for Toxic Compounds Removal
		4.1 Artificial Aeration
		4.2 Electrochemically Assisted Constructed Wetlands
		4.3 Novel Package Materials
	5 Conclusions
	References
Microbial Consortium for the Treatment of Brewery Effluents-Recommendation for Brewery Effluent Treatment in Constructed Wetlands
	1 Introduction
	2 Microbial Community Used for the Effluent Treatment
		2.1 Microalgae Consortium
		2.2 Electrocoagulation Treatment and Cyanobacterial Cultivation
		2.3 Treatment Using Scendesmus Obliquus
	3 Conclusion
	References
In-silico Integration in Environmental Remediation
	1 Introduction
	2 What Role Does Bioinformatics Play in Bioremediation?
	3 Toxicity Prediction
	4 UM-BBD (University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database)
	5 OxDBase—Database of Biodegradative Oxygenases
	6 Biocyc and Metacyc
	7 Bionemo
	8 Methods Involved in NGS for Xenobiotic Degradation
	9 Conclusion
	References