Recent Trends in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of TMSF 2019

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Recent Trends in Structural  Engineering
Assessment of Pushover Response Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 Structural Details
	3 Experimental Details: Pushover Analysis Results
	4 Prediction Equations Using RSM
	5 Effect of Parameters on Response (Confined Model)
	6 Validation of the Developed Model
	7 Conclusions
	References
Application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in Concrete Performance Appraisal
	1 Introduction
	2 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
	3 Illustrative Example
	4 Results and Discussions on POD of Data
	5 Principal Component Regression
	6 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Curing Methods on the Artificial Production of Fly Ash Aggregates
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Aggregates Production
		2.3 Curing Methods
		2.4 Experimental Methodology
		2.5 Testing of Aggregates
		2.6 Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)
	3 Experimental Test Results
	4 Grey Relational Analysis
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Influence of Incorporating Phase Change Materials on Cementitious System—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of PCMs Exploited by Previous Researchers
	3 Effect of PCMs on Thermal Properties of Cementitious System
		3.1 Thermal Conductivity
		3.2 Thermal Energy Storage
	4 Effect of PCMs on Hydration Properties of Cementitious System
	5 Effect of PCMs on Fresh Properties of Cementitious System
	6 Effect of PCMs on Density, Porosity, and Water Absorption of Cementitious System
		6.1 Density
		6.2 Porosity
		6.3 Water Absorption
	7 Effect of PCMs on Mechanical Properties of Cementitious System
		7.1 Compressive Strength
		7.2 Flexural Strength
		7.3 Modulus of Elasticity
	8 Effect of PCMs on Shrinkage Properties of Cementitious System
	9 Microstructural Studies on Cementitious System with PCMs
	10 Categories of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and Forms of PCM Incorporation into the Cementitious System
	11 Conclusions
	References
Review on Characteristics of Sewage Sludge Ash and Its Partial Replacement as Binder Material in Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Trends
	3 Characteristics of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)
		3.1 Density and Specific Gravity
		3.2 Diameter and Particle Size Distribution
		3.3 Specific Surface Area
		3.4 Loss on Ignition (LOI)
		3.5 Chemical Composition of SSA
		3.6 Microstructure
	4 Application of Sewage Sludge Ash
		4.1 Use in Cement Manufacturing
		4.2 Use in Binder Application
	5 Comparison of the Chemical Composition of SSA with Cement and Fly Ash
	6 Research Opportunities to Enhance Sewage Sludge Ash Use in India
	7 Discussions
	8 Conclusions
	References
Characterization of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Indian Standard Gradation and Particle Packing Gradations
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
		2.1 Theory and Design of Bailey Gradation
		2.2 Test Methods
		2.3 Rheological and Mechanical Aspects of Self-Compacting Concrete
		2.4 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	References
A Review on Properties of Sustainable Concrete Using Iron and Steel Slag Aggregate as Replacement for Natural Aggregate
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Steel and Iron Byproducts
	3 Workability of Concrete Containing Steel Slag Aggregate
	4 Density of Steel Slag Aggregate Concrete
	5 Mechanical Properties of Various Steel Slag Aggregate Concrete
		5.1 Effect of Steel Slag Aggregate on Compressive Strength of Concrete
		5.2 Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Slag Aggregate Concrete
	6 Performance in Geopolymer Concrete and Geopolymer SCC
	7 Conclusion
	References
Review of Low to High Strength Alkali-Activated and Geopolymer Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Prime Material
		2.1 Fly Ash
		2.2 Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGFS)
		2.3 Metakaolin (MK)
	3 Compressive Strength
		3.1 Fly Ash-Based Concrete
		3.2 GGBS-Based Concrete
	4 Metakaolin-Based Concrete
	5 OPC Based
	6 Conclusion
	References
Hydrodynamic Performance of Spar-Type Wind Turbine Platform Combined with Wave Energy Converter
	1 Introduction
	2 Spar with Array of Cone–Cylindrical Point Absorber
		2.1 Description of Spar-Type Platform and Point-Absorber WEC
		2.2 Numerical Modeling of Spar with Array of Wave Energy Converter
		2.3 Numerical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study of Dynamic Characteristics of Circular Liquid Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Principles
	1 Introduction
	2 Acoustic Modelling
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Deformed Shapes
		4.2 Impulsive Frequency
		4.3 Convective Frequency
		4.4 Effect of Thickness of Tank Wall
	5 Conclusions
	References
Repairs and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures: Case Studies
	1 Introduction
	2 Conclusion
	References
Strength and Fire Behaviour of Concrete Reinforced with PET Fibres
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Material Used
		3.2 Equipment Used
		3.3 Mix Design
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Influence of Fibre Percentage on Compressive Strength
		4.2 Influence of Aspect Ratio and Fibre Content on Split Tensile Strength of Concrete
		4.3 Influence of Fibre Content on Flexural Strength of Concrete
		4.4 Influence of Fire on Compressive Strength of Concrete
	5 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste in Goa for Re-use in New Construction
	1 Introduction
	2 Method of Obtaining Recycled Material
		2.1 Concrete and Cement Plaster
		2.2 Flooring
		2.3 Steel
		2.4 Glass and Plastic
		2.5 Masonry
	3 Experimental Programme
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
		5.1 Compression Test on Concrete and Discussion
		5.2 Compression Test on Cubes
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Review of Ultra-Fine Materials as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Cement Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Usage of Ultra-Fine Material as Supplementary Cementitious Material
	3 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Infrared Thermography for Damage Detection in Concrete Structures Using Finite Element Modelling
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Situation and Challenges Regarding IRT
	3 Gaps in Research
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Preparation of Concrete Specimen
		4.2 Experimental Procedure
	5 Model Development
		5.1 Geometrical Settings and Material Properties
		5.2 Loading and Boundary Conditions
	6 Results and Discussions
		6.1 Experimental Results
		6.2 FEM Model Results
		6.3 Comparison Between Experimental and FEM Model Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Pozzolanic Performance of Bagasse Ash and Rice Husk Ash
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Experimental Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Overview of Indian Steel Industry and Its Impact on Construction Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Growth and Evolution
	4 Steel Production and Its Type
	5 Current Scenario and Initiatives by Government
	6 Analysis of Indian Steel Industry
	7 Conclusions
	References
Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Coconut Shell Ash in Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Brick Manufacturing Using Laterite Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Equipment
		2.1 Lateritic Powder
		2.2 Lime Powder
		2.3 Stone Dust
		2.4 Cement
		2.5 Human Hair
		2.6 Rice Husk
		2.7 Fly Ash
		2.8 Water
		2.9 Equipments
		2.10 Trowel
		2.11 Weighing Scale
		2.12 Measuring Cylinder
		2.13 Vibrating Table
		2.14 Mould
		2.15 Mixing Tray
		2.16 Universal Testing Machine
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Casting of Bricks: Manual
		3.2 Casting of Bricks: Machine
	4 Observation and Results
		4.1 Compressive Test on Machine-Made Bricks
		4.2 Flexure Test on Machine-Made Bricks
		4.3 Water Absorption Test on Machine-Made Bricks
		4.4 Alternate Wetting and Drying Method on Machine-Made Bricks
		4.5 Compressive Test on Machine-Made Bricks After Alternate Wetting and Drying Method
	5 Conclusion
	References
Recent Trends in Geotechnical  Engineering
A Numerical Study on Interference Effects of Closely Spaced Strip Footings on Cohesionless Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Interference Factor Due to Bearing Capacity (IF(new))
		3.2 Interference Factor Due to Settlement (ξδ)
		3.3 Tilt of Footings
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Need for Unsaturated Soil Mechanics: A Brief Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical Developments in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics
	3 Soil–Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC)
	4 Utility of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Prediction–Protection–Prevention of Landslides
	5 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Seismic Behaviour of Soil Nailed Wall
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Numerical Modelling
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design and Development of Efficient Under-Drainage System for Lined Canals
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Continuous Increment in Load
		3.2 Sustained Loading
		3.3 Loading–Unloading–Reloading
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Correlation Equation on the Influence of Length to Diameter Ratio on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lateritic Rocks in Goa
	1 Introduction
	2 Correlation Equation Using Dimensional Analysis
	3 Previously Proposed Correlation Equations for Correction of UCS
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Is Global Warming Hampering the Stability of Substructure?
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Mathematical Proof to Prove the Effect of Global Warming on Substructures
		3.1 Scenario 1
	4 Scenario 2
		4.1 The Stress on Pile Due to Temperature Variation
	5 Scenario 3
		5.1 Synclinal Folds
		5.2 Anticlinal Folds
	6 Conclusion
	7 Further Scope
	References
Estimation of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil for Shallow Foundation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Soil Sampling
		2.2 Laboratory Analysis
		2.3 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Recent Trends in Transportation Engineering
Experimental Investigations on RBI Grade 81 Stabilized Lateritic Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
		2.1 Lateritic Soil
		2.2 RBI Grade 81
	3 Methods
	4 Test Results and Discussions
		4.1 Chemical Analysis
		4.2 Compaction
		4.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength
		4.4 California Bearing Ratio
		4.5 Durability
	5 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Ggbs on Strength of Aluminium Refinery Residue Stabilized by Alkali Solution
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Measure of Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC)
		4.2 Briefs About the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of ARR
	5 Conclusion
	References
Laboratory Investigation of Black Cotton Soil Modified with Bioenzyme and Aggregates for Pavement Subgrade
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
		2.1 Black Cotton Soil
		2.2 Bioenzyme
	3 Methodology
	4 Result and Discussions
		4.1 Variation in UCS of Soil
		4.2 Comparison of UCS Values for Virgin Soil and Stabilized Soil with Different Dosage of Bioenzyme and 20% of Aggregates
		4.3 Variation of Soaked and Unsoaked CBR of Soil for Different Dosage of Bioenzyme
		4.4 Variation of Free Swell Index of Soil
	5 Conclusion
	References
Recent Trends in Environmental Engineering
Removal of Pharmaceutical Drug from Water Using Activated Kaolinite–TiO2 Nanocomposite
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Preparation of Standard LVF Solution
		2.2 Preparation of Activated Kaolinite (AK) Nanoparticle
		2.3 Preparation of AK–TiO2 Nanocomposite
		2.4 Experimental Methodology
	3 Characterization of AK–TiO2
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Mechanism
	6 Conclusions
	References
Green Synthesis of Bioleached Flyash Iron Nanoparticles (GBFFeNP) Using Azadirachta Indica Leaves and Its Application as Fenton’s Catalyst in the Degradation of Dicamba
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Green Synthesis of Bioleached Fly Ash Nano Iron Particles (BFFeNP) Using Azadirachta Indica
		2.2 Catalytic Role of Bioleached Flyash Iron Nanoparticles (BFFeNP’s) in Fenton’s Oxidation of Dicamba
		2.3 Analytical Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Characterization of Green Synthesized Bioleached Flyash Iron Nanoparticles (BFFeNP’s)
		3.2 Catalytic Role of Bioleached Flyash Iron Nanoparticles (BLFFeNP’s) in Fenton’s Oxidation of Dicamba
	4 Conclusions
	References
River Water Resource Management and Flood Control Using GIS
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Proposed Remedies/Structures
		3.1 Interpretation of All the Tests Conducted on Soil Samples
	4 Conclusions
	References
Recent Trends in Construction  Technology and Management
Production of Artificial Aggregates Using Industrial By-Products Admixed with Mine Tailings—A Sustainable Solution
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Significance of the Study
	2 Sequential Aspects of Experimental Investigation
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Aggregate Production
		2.3 Mix Proportions
		2.4 Testing of Aggregates
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Relative Density and Rate of Absorption
		3.2 Aggregate Impact and Crushing Value
		3.3 Individual Pellet Strength
	4 Conclusion
	References
Predicting the Service Life of Reinforced Concrete by Incorporating the Experimentally Determined Properties of Steel–Concrete Interface and Corrosion
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Cracking Mechanism of Concrete Cover Due to Reinforcement Bar Corrosion
	2 Summary of the Past Researches
	3 Research Significance
	4 Model for Service Life Prediction of Corroded Structures
	5 Experimental Results, Analysis and Service Life Prediction
		5.1 Experimental Data Collection on the Properties of Steel–Concrete Interface
		5.2 Analysis of Experimental Data, Discussions and Service Life Prediction
	6 Conclusions
	References
Automation of Curing Using Prefabricated Sensors
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Mix Design
		2.3 Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Test Results of Automation System
		3.2 Test Results of Concrete Compressive Strength
	4 Conclusion
	References
Inventory Management for Transmission Line Projects
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Inventory Management
		1.2 Costs Related to Inventory
		1.3 Cost-Trade Off Curve
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Assumptions
		2.2 Objective of Economic Order Quantity Model
		2.3 Cost Calculation
		2.4 Order Detail and Data Collection
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Resource Buffers in Construction Projects
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Planning of a Project with CCPM
		1.2 Execution of a Project and Its Improvement Process
		1.3 Review of the Previous Work
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Project Execution Phase Using Buffer
		2.2 Steps Implemented in the Project
		2.3 Calculating Percentage Chain Completion for Critical Chain
		2.4 Instantaneous Burn Rate
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Productivity Analysis of Shuttering Works for Sewage Treatment Plant
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Method Productivity Delay Model
		2.2 Data Collection Sheet
		2.3 Productivity Analysis
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Pre-Engineered Building Design of Gas-Insulated Substation Housed Under Pressurized Ventilation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Technical Parameters of PEB
		2.2 Design Process
		2.3 Load Combinations
	3 Case Study: Design of 765 KV GIS Sub-station in Nizamabad
		3.1 Description of the Structure and Geometry
		3.2 Structural System Configuration
		3.3 Load Calculations
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Developing a Standard Template for Activity Linkage and Resource Estimation of MEP Works
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Construction Planning
		1.2 Scheduling
		1.3 Resource Estimation
		1.4 MEP Works
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Case Study
		2.2 Parameters for Template Development
		2.3 Resource Estimation
	3 Result and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Multi-criteria Decision-making Approach for Selecting a Bridge Superstructure Construction Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Need of This Study, Scope and Objectives
	3 Correlation Among the Bridge Types and Construction Methods
	4 Research Methodology
		4.1 Qualitative Comparison
		4.2 Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM)
		4.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
		4.4 The Criteria
		4.5 The Constraints
		4.6 Questionnaire Survey
		4.7 Analysing Survey Responses and Calculations
	5 Decision-Making Model
		5.1 Client’s Selection Model
		5.2 Contractor’s Selection Model
	6 Designer’s Selection Model
	7 Conclusion
	References
Safety Stock in Inventory Management and Wastage Analysis at Construction Sites
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Safety Stock Calculation
		2.2 Safety Stock Automation
		2.3 Impact of Causes of Wastage on Cost and Time
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Multi-dimensional Study on Impact of Energy Efficiency on Life Cycle Cost of a Single-Family Residential Building
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Model Development
		2.2 Selection of Materials and Equipments
		2.3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Influence of Particle Size of Bottom Ash on Mechanical Properties of M30 Grade Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Materials and Their Characterization
		2.2 Bottom Ash Characterization
	3 Mix Proportion of Concrete
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Studies on Concrete Using the Partial Replacement of Cement by Glass Powder and Fine Aggregate as Manufactured Sand
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective
	3 Experimental Study
		3.1 Materials
		3.2 Preparation of Waste Grounded Glass Powder
		3.3 Mix Proportion, Casting of Specimens
	4 Tests on Specimen
		4.1 Workability Test
		4.2 Alkalinity Test
		4.3 Strength Test
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Discussion on Workability Outcome Values
		5.2 Discussion on Alkalinity Test Results
		5.3 Discussion on Strength Tests
	6 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of Using Eggshell Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Fiber Reinforced Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
		2.1 Eggshell Powder
		2.2 Manufactured Sand
		2.3 Glass Fibers
		2.4 Cement
		2.5 Water
		2.6 Coarse Aggregates
		2.7 SP430 Fosroc
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Mix Design
		3.2 Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Cubes
	4 Results
		4.1 Results for 0% Glass Fiber
		4.2 Results for 0.025% Glass Fiber
		4.3 Results for 0.03% Glass Fiber
		4.4 Results for 1% Glass Fiber
		4.5 Comparison of Compressive Strength for Different Percentages of Glass Fiber
	5 Conclusion
	References