Recent Research on Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Marine Geosciences and Geochemistry: Proceedings of the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia 2019

About the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia 2019
	Proceedings Volume 1: New Prospects in Environmental Geosciences and Hydrogeosciences
	Proceedings Volume 2: Advances in Geophysics, Tectonics and Petroleum Geosciences
	Proceedings Volume 3: Recent Research on Geomorphology, Sedimentology, and Geochemistry
	Proceedings Volume 4: Research developments in Geotechnics, Geo-Informatics and Remote Sensing
About the Conference Steering Committee
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Geomorphology, Soil Science, Landslides, Coastal Processes, and Geoarchaeology (T9): Geomorphology: Fault Slip and Incision Rates
1 Cosmogenic Surface Exposure Dating Applications from Turkey; Moraines, Alluvial Fans, Fluvial Terraces, Lava Flows and Incision Rates
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Glacial Deposits and Surfaces
		3.2 Alluvial Fans, Landslides and Faults
		3.3 Fluvial Terraces
		3.4 Lava Flows
		3.5 Erosion Rates
	4 Conclusions
	References
2 Tectonic Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Muğla-Yatağan Fault (SW Turkey)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
3 Slip Rate Estimation on the North Anatolian Fault Using Geomorphology and Paleoclimate Chronology: The Ganos Fault, Turkey
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geomorphological Setting and Drainage Development
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
4 Energy Relief Analysis of the Northern Marche-Romagna Region, Northern Apennine, Central Italy
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Data and Method
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Geomorphology, Soil Science, Landslides, Coastal Processes, and Geoarchaeology (T9): Soil Science
5 Evaluation of Electromagnetic Induction Method to Map Soil Salinity in Semiarid Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Soil Properties
		3.2 Calibration of EM38 Readings
		3.3 Spatial Variation of Soil Salinity
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
6 Comparison of Organic Carbon Stock of Regosols Under Two Different Climates in Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Particle Size, Bulk Density, Organic Carbon, and pH of Both Soils
		3.2 Soil Organic Carbon Stocks of Both Soils
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
7 Organic Carbon Stocks Evaluation After Three Years of No-Tillage Practice in a Vertisol, Northern Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
8 Spectral Characteristics of Soil Types in Northwestern Jordan Considering Iron Oxides Effects and Colors
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Settings, Methods, and Materials
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Soil Chemical and Color Properties
		3.2 Spectral and Chemical Characteristic
		3.3 Correlation of Soil Colors with Chemical and Spectral Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
9 Examining Wind-Eroded Sediment Especially the Content of Toxic Elements, Southern Hungary
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Sample Area and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
10 Time-Scale Variation of Organic Carbon in Paddy Soil in Sanjiang Plain, China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Location of Sanjiang Plain
		2.2 Test Soil and Sample Collection
		2.3 Measurement Item and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Soil Carbon Variance Analysis
		3.2 Soil Carbon-Level Regression Analysis
			3.2.1 Relationship Between Organic Carbon of Different Soils and Rice-Cultivation Time
			3.2.2 Effect of Rice-Cultivation Time on Carbon Content in Different Soil Components
	4 Conclusions
	References
Geomorphology, Soil Science, Landslides, Coastal Processes, and Geoarchaeology (T9): Landslides and Debris Flows
11 Stability Assessment of a Cliff and Hazard Characterization Methodology of the “Landslide”: Application to Korbous Cliff (Cap-Bon, Tunisia)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Slope
		3.2 Rainfall
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
12 Landslide Susceptibility Modeling Using GIS and MAUT Combined with Artificial Neural Network Models; Case of Aghribs Watershed (Neogen Basin of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Location of the Study Area
		2.2 Inventory Map
	3 Results
		3.1 Land Slide Risks Map Applying MAUT
		3.2 ANN Results
		3.3 Interpolation by Using Thiessen’s Polygons
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
13 Landslide Distribution Analysis in the Foglia River Basin, Northern Apennines, Italy
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Landslides and Lithology
		3.2 Landslides and Land Use
		3.3 Landslides and Slope
		3.4 Landslides and Altitude
		3.5 Landslides and Orientation of the Slope
	4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
	References
14 Spatial Distribution of Debris Flow-prone Catchments in Hengduan Mountainous Area in Southwestern China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Results
		3.1 Spatial Distribution of Debris-Flow Catchments in Different Units
		3.2 Distribution of Debris Flow Catchments with Annual Rainfall Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Geomorphology, Soil Science, Landslides, Coastal Processes, and Geoarchaeology (T9): Coastal Processes
15 Evolution of Shoreline Kinematics at the Bejaia Bay (East Algeria) from 1989 to 2017
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
16 Impact of Beach Surface Moisture on Aeolian Sand Transport Rate and Vertical Mass Flux Distribution, the Case of Atlantic Coast, Southern Morocco
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Settings and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
17 Relative Sea-Level Changes on the Southwestern Arabian Gulf since the Last Glacial Maximum
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method and Material
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
18 Shoreline Change Analysis Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System along Southeast Romanian Coast
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
19 Lithogolical and Geochemical Analysis of Mainland and Spit Sandy Beach Sediments: SE Baltic Sea (Lithuania)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
20 Modeling of Lithodynamic Processes in the Area of Sea Port (Russia)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Geomorphology, Soil Science, Landslides, Coastal Processes, and Geoarchaeology (T9): Geoarchaeology and Geoheritage
21 Geophysical Investigations of the Bronze Age Archaeological Site in the Trans-Urals, Russia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Survey Methodology and Initial Analysis of Measurements
	3 Results of Geophysical Investigation
		3.1 Results of Magnetic Survey
		3.2 Results of GPR Survey
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
22 Reconstruction of Roman Aqueduct Route that Supplied the Ancient City of Tomis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods.
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
23 The Usefulness of Geomorphology for Finding the Landscapes Drawn by Leonardo Da Vinci in the Montefeltro Region (Central Italy)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
24 Landscape as a Cultural Resource: Science, Poetry, and Ancient Music for the Enhancement of the Marche Region, Central Italy
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Reference
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Marine Geosciences (T14): Sedimentology—Environmental, Tectonic and Diagenetic Processses
25 Sedimentology and High-Frequency Cycles of the Upper Pleistocene of the Bizerte Coast (N-E Tunisia)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Results
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
26 On the Presence of Halokinetic Sequences, from Latest Aptian to Late Albian, NW Salt Province of Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
27 Geological Processes Enhancing the Reservoir Quality of Aptian “Tight” Proven Reservoirs in Northwestern Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
28 Petrophysics and Reservoir Properties of the Turonian-Coniacian Bireno and Douleb Carbonate Members in Northern-Central Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Turonian-Coniacian Sedimentological Characteristics
		3.2 Petrophysical Properties
		3.3 Diagenesis Influence on the Porosity
	4 Conclusions
	References
29 Effect of Volcanics on the Reservoir Quality of Coniacian Rudist-Rich Carbonates in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Lithostratigraphy of the Douleb Member in the Studied Well
		3.2 Petrophysical Properties: Porosity–Permeability, Diagenesis, and Oil Shows
	4 Conclusions
	References
30 Facies and Architecture of a Tide-Dominated Estuary in the Lower Cretaceous Sidi Aich Formation of the Chotts Basin, Southern Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Facies Associations and Depositional Model
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
31 New Insights on the Marine to Non-marine Oligo-Miocene Deposits of Northern Tunisia: Sedimentary Events and Paleogeography
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Tellian Bejaoua Group: New Biostratigraphic Data
		3.2 Bejaoua Group Versus Fortuna Group: Sedimentary Events and Lithostratigraphic Chart Updates
	4 Paleogeographic Reconstruction
	5 Conclusions
	References
32 Methane-Derived Carbonates Formation Triggered by the Latest Albian Anoxia in Northwestern Tunisia Basins
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
33 A Sedimentological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Assessment of the Upper Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE1d) of the Mouelha Member in the Fkirine Area (El Djehaf Anticline, Northern Tunisia)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Sedimentological Results
		3.2 Mineralogical Results
		3.3 Geochemical Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
34 The Diagenetic Nodules Significance in the Cretaceous Carbonate of the Akrabou Formation from Errachidia Region, Southern Morocco
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
35 Sedimentology and Paleo-environment of Phosphate Facies of the High Atlas of Marrakech (Morocco)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
36 Evolution of Upper Triassic Fluvial Systems Across North West Africa; the Interplay of Local Versus Regional Drainage Systems
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
37 Sedimentology of Mixed Siliciclastic–Carbonate Eocene Deltaic Deposits in a Strike-Slip Basin, Eastern Oman
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Stratigraphy and Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
38 Radiochronological Studies of Modern Lake Sediments of the Kola Peninsula (Russia) Using Unsupported Pb-210 Isotope
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
39 Dolomitization Fluid and Genesis of Dolomite in the Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Upper Yangtze
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Setting and Analytical Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Petrographic and Mineralogical Characteristics
		3.2 Geochemical Characteristics
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Dolomitization Fluid Properties
		4.2 Origin of Dolomites
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Marine Geosciences (T14): Stratigraphy—How to Restore the Arrow of Time
40 Back to the Field: The Limits of Standard Scales in High-Resolution Stratigraphy. Examples from Northwest Africa and the Middle East
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 SW Iran: Chemostratigraphy as an External Control on Biostratigraphy
	4 Aptian of the EAB: The Need of Regional Biostratigraphic Scales
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
41 Lithofacies Analysis of Lower Acacus Reservoir and Its Impact on Reservoir Quality Utilizing Borehole Images, Ghadamis Basin—Northwest Libya
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Image Integration Using Core Data
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Well-1
	5 Conclusion
	References
42 Orbital Tuning of the Berriasella Jacobi Ammonite Zone in Central Tunisia (Southern Paleotethys)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
43 New Insights About Significant Maastrichtian Chronostratigraphic Boundaries in Central-Eastern Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Significant Bioevents
		3.2 Chronostratigraphic Correlation
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
44 The Zone of Allochthonous “Nappes” of the North of Tunisia: A Witness of the Early Stages of the Formation of the North-Maghrebian Chain
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
45 Stratigraphy of the Paleogene Tethyan Carbonate Banks and the Diachronous Arabian Plate Convergence
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Microfacies Analysis and Facies Associations
		3.2 Lithostratigraphic and Biostratigraphic Correlation
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
46 Sequence Stratigraphy of the Oligocene and Miocene Successions from Selected Wells in Garmian District, Kurdistan Region/Iraq
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Chronostratigraphy
		3.2 Biostratigraphy
		3.3 Sequence Stratigraphy
	4 Conclusions
	References
47 In and Out of the Salt: How to Overcome Stratigraphic Uncertainty in Evaporitic Systems? A Case Study from the MSC in the Deep Levant Basin
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Salt Stratigraphy and Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
48 Facies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat Prospectivity of the Pindiga Formation and Fika Shale, Gongola Sub-basin, Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Facies Analysis and Environment of Deposition
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
49 Seismic Stratigraphical Analysis of the Shelf Deposition Between Tekirdağ-Şarkoy, Turkey, Since Last Glacial Maximum
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Seismic Stratigraphy
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Marine Geosciences (T14): Paleontology—Evolutionary, Biostratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Significance
50 Ichthyofauna from the Phosphorites of El-Kouif Locality (Algerian-Tunisian Border Area)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Geographic and Geological Settings
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
51 Benthic Foraminifera from the Saïda Clays Formation (Jebel Brame, Northwestern Algeria) Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Biostratigraphy: Study of Assemblages
		3.2 Paleoecology
	4 Conclusions
	References
52 Diatom Microflora of Ouled Djilali Section (Messinian Diatomites from Lower Chelif Basin, North-Western Algeria)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
53 Micropaleontology and Biostratigraphy of the Upper Albian of Jabal Msella in Northeastern Tunisia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
54 Biostratigraphy and Microfacies of Azkand Formation in Qarah Chaugh- Dagh Section, Kirkuk Area (Northeastern Iraq)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Microfacies
		3.2 Unit I: Fine to Coarse-Grained Larger Foraminiferal Bioclastics Packstone.
		3.3 Unit II: Fine to Very Coarse Larger Foraminiferal Bioclastics Packstone to Boundstone
	4 Biostratigraphic Analysis
		4.1 Assemblage Zone I
		4.2 Assemblage Zone II
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Marine Geosciences (T14): Marine Geosciences—Form Molecular Proxies to Geophysical Surveys
55 A Brief Overview of Some Molecular Proxies Commonly Used to Unravel Part of the Earth’s Climate History
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Marine Biomarkers
		2.1 The Alkenones
		2.2 The GDGTs
		2.3 The Highly Branched Isoprenoids (HBIs)
	3 Terrestrial Biomarkers
	4 Conclusions
	References
56 Multidisciplinary Study of Marine Archives: Reconstruction of Sea-Level, Sediment Yields, Sediment Sources, Paleoclimate, Paleoceanography and Vertical Movement on Margins: Examples from the Western Mediterranean Sea
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Settings and Materials
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Sediments: An Archive of Glacio-Eustatic Variations and Their Impacts
		3.2 Sediments: An Archive of Sediment Fluxes
		3.3 Sediments: An Archive of Onshore Sources
		3.4 Sediments: An Archive of Paleoclimate and Microbial Activities
		3.5 Sediments: An Archive of Vertical Movements and Geodynamic
	4 Conclusions
	References
57 Some Features of Hydrological Processes in the Ponto-Caspian Seas During the Late Pliocene—Early Pleistocene
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Mechanism of Formation of the Transgressive Caspian Seas in the Pliocene–Pleistocene
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
58 Acquisition of Geophysical Data in Shallow Water Environments Using Autonomous Vehicles: A Tool for Marine Geology, Archeology and Environmental Studies
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 The Valli di Comacchio Coastal Lagoon
		3.2 The Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy)
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Geochemistry and Metallogenesis: Processes and Products (T7): Sedimentary Geochemistry and Mineralogical Characterization
59 Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Clay Minerals from the Ouled Bou-Sbaa Phosphate Deposit (Meskala Basin, Morocco)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Field Work
		2.2 Laboratory work
	3 Results
		3.1 Physical–chemical Parameters
		3.2 X-Ray Diffraction
		3.3 Infrared Spectroscopy
		3.4 X-ray Fluorescence
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
60 Preliminary Geochemical Results from Sediments of Pantelleria, Linosa, and Malta Basins (Sicily Channel)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
62 Can the High Subcritical Water Contribute to Explain the Neoproterozoic BIFs?
	Abstract
	1 Introduction: Formation of Ferric Iron in Archean BIFs
	2 Methods
	3 Preliminary Results on NIFs of the Arabian-Nubian Shield
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
63 Mineralogy and Petrography of Palaeocene Limestones of the Ewekoro Formation, Dahomey (Benin) Basin, Nigeria
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology and Stratigraphy of Dahomey Basin
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Geochemistry and Mineralogy
		4.2 Petrography
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
64 Geochemical Analysis for Evaluating the Climatic Controls on the Depositional Environment of the Siliciclastic Miocene–Pliocene Sequence at Al-Rehaili Area, Northern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Setting, Data, and Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
65 Short-Term Maturation of Clays in a Chlorinated Sodic Mineral Water (Ain Echfa, Tunisia)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Evolution of the Mineralogical Composition During Maturation
		3.2 Evolution of the Chemical Composition During Maturation
		3.3 Variation in the Cooling Kinetics and pH During Maturation
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
66 DNA Detection After Interaction with Clay Minerals and Soils: An Analytical Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Validation of Colorimetric Method for DNA Essay
		3.2 Equilibrium Adsorption of DNA with or Without Humic Acid HA on Clay Mineral
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Geochemistry and Metallogenesis: Processes and Products (T7): Magmatic and Metamorphic Processes and Products
67 Early Ediacaran Volcanism of Taourirte Area (Western High Atlas, Morocco): Evidence for the Onset of a Post Pan-African Extension Event
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Results
		3.1 Taourirte Area: Mapping, Units and Field Relations
		3.2 Petrography
		3.3 Geochemistry
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
68 A New Clue on Neoproterozoic Underplating-Related Magmatism and Origin of Adakites in Zaranda (North-Central Nigeria)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Background, Sampling and Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Petrography
		3.2 Geochronology
		3.3 Geochemistry
		3.4 Sr-Nd Isotopes
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
69 Eruptive History and Petrologic Evolution of the Lechmine N’Aït El Haj Maar (Middle Atlas, Morocco)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Tephrostratigraphy
		3.2 Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
70 Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Weathered Products of Basaltic Volcanites of Trias in the Débadib Structure (El Kef, Tunisia)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Mineralogy, Petrography and Paragenesis
		4.2 Chemical Composition
	5 Conclusions
	References
71 Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry of Amphibolites in Parts of the Proterozoic Ilesa Schist Belt, Southwestern Nigeria
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Geologic Setting and Petrography
		3.2 Geochemistry
		3.3 Amphibole and Plagioclase Chemistry
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
72 Sensibility of Tourmaline Chemistry to Granitic Magma Composition and Oxygen Fugacity
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting and Analytical Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
73 Compositional Evolution and Substitutions of Tourmaline from the Metamorphosed Sikait Pelitic Belt, Southern Eastern Desert (Egypt)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Geologic Setting
	2 Petrography and Geochemistry
	3 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
74 Meteorites of Morocco: A Model of Science Development in the Arab Countries
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 What is a Meteorite and How to Identify It?
	3 Meteorites of Morocco and Arab Countries
	4 Strategy Adopted for Meteoritics Promotion in Morocco
	5 Results and Recommendations
	References
Geochemistry and Metallogenesis: Processes and Products (T7): Origin and Exploration of Mineral Deposits
75 Mineralogy, Petrography, and Geochemical Studies of the Greenstone Belt Rocks and the Associated Gold Mineralization of Aoueouat at Tasiast Mine, Mauritania
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
76 Mineralogy and Paragenesis Associations of Polymetallic Deposits (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag) of Boudoukha and Sidi Kambar—NE Algeria
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology
		2.1 The Boudoukha Deposit
		2.2 The Sidi Kambar Deposit
	3 Geochemical and Mineralogical Analyses
	4 Conclusion
	References
77 Mineralogy and Geochemical Features of the Post-Gondwana Pedogenic North West Manganese Deposit in South Africa
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Sampling and Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Mineralogy of Mn Oxides
		3.2 Geochemistry
	4 Genetic Model of the Ore Deposit
	5 Conclusions
	References
78 Origin of the Tala Hamza Igneous Rocks-Hosted Zinc-Lead Deposit, NE Algeria
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Results
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
79 Genesis of the Rift-Related Fe-Mn Sediment-Hosted Deposit, Masilah Basin (Yemen)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Field Observations
		3.2 Mineralogy
		3.3 Major and Trace Element Geochemistry
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
80 Application of Multi-Element Soil Geochemistry and Particulate Gold Exploration in the Kambele Plain, Batouri Gold District, Southeast Cameroon
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting and Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Concentration of Elements in the Soil Samples
		3.2 Element Association
		3.3 Particulate Gold
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
81 Tailings are a Reliable Source of Mineral Reserves (Kazakhstan)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
82 Evaluation of the Heat of Combustion of Ten Nigerian Coal Deposits and Their Potential as Alternative Energy Sources
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Field Work and Samples Collection
		2.2 Heat of Combustion, Proximate and Ultimate analyses of the Coals
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Field Results
		3.2 Heat of Combustion of the Coals
		3.3 Proximate and Ultimate Characteristics of the Coals
		3.4 The Potentials of the Coals as Sources of Energy
	4 Conclusions
	References
83 Acid Activation of Ypresian Clay from Central Tunisia, Synthesis of Porous Materials and Clarification of Soybean Oils
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Specific Surface of the Samples Before and After Acid Activation
		3.2 X-ray Diffraction of Raw and Activated Clay (Fig. 1 a-b-c)
		3.3 Chemical Analysis
		3.4 SEM Investigations Before and After Treatment
		3.5 Bleaching Tests of Soybean Oils
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References