Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRAMERD 2022

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow
Performance of a Single-Turn Pulsating Heat Pipe at Varying Gravity
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical Model and Governing Equations
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Flow Velocity
		3.2 Heat Flow Rate
		3.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient
	4 Conclusion
	References
Free Convection from Isothermally Heated Hollow Tube with Annular Fins
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
	3 Numerical Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Effect of L/D on Thermal Plume
		4.2 Effect of S/L on Thermal Plume
		4.3 Effect of Ra on Thermal Plume
		4.4 Variation of Qnet
		4.5 Variation of Nunet
		4.6 Behaviour of Fluid Flow Plume
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chaotic Dynamics of Fluid Conveying Pipe
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Model
	3 Galerkin Discretization
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study of Flow Distribution in the Falling Film Evaporator Manifold
	1 Introduction
	2 Limitations of the Theory Proposed
		2.1 Uniform Flow Distribution Aspects
		2.2 Impact of E (Length of Header to Diameter of the Header)
		2.3 Impact of Opening Ratio M (Summation of All Outlet Area to the Area of Manifold)
		2.4 Impact of Friction
	3 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Core Geometrical Characteristics on Performance and Pressure Drop of Rotary Regenerator
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Effect of Length of Regenerator Core
		3.2 Effect of Diameter of Regenerator Core
		3.3 Effect of Separator Gap
	4 Conclusions
	References
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger for Various Baffle Angles
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Analysis
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Study on Indoor Air Quality of Air-Conditioning System Using Duct Insulation and Filters for Industrial Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Modelling
		2.1 Numerical Values Obtained for Heat Gain Through Ducts Using ANSYS-15
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Solution Obtained for Steady-State Thermal Condition Using ANSYS-15
		3.2 Fluid Fluent Results
		3.3 Steady State Thermal Results with Filter
		3.4 Transient Thermal Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimization Applications in Engine
Maximization of Compressive Strength of Fused Deposition Modeled Antibacterial Polylactic Acid by Taguchi Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Maximization of Compressive Strength
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Drivers and Barriers in Green Supply Chain Management Using Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Consideration of the Manufacturing Industry
		2.2 Focused Group Discussion
		2.3 Application of F_AHP Approach
		2.4 Application of F_TOPSIS Approach
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Results
		3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Optimization of LPG Refrigeration System Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Mathematical Modeling
	3 Implementation of ABC Algorithm and Result Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Generalized Oppositional Differential Evolution Algorithm for Parameter Extraction of Different Photovoltaic Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of PV Models
		2.1 PV Cell Model with a Single Diode (PVCSD)
		2.2 PV Cell Model with Double Diodes(PVCDD)
		2.3 PV Module Model(PVM)
	3 Parameter Extraction Strategy
	4 Generalized Oppositional Differential Evolution Algorithm (GODEA)
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Results for PVCSD
		5.2 Results for the Model of PVCDD
		5.3 Results for PVM
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Community Engagement on Social Networking Sites During the Kerala Floods in 2018
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Problem Definition
		1.3 Research Questions
		1.4 Method of Investigation
	2 Relevant Works
	3 Material and Methods
		3.1 Case Description—Kerala Flood 2018
		3.2 Proposed Framework
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Data Visualization
		4.2 Word Frequency
	5 Conclusions
	References
Application of Evolutionary Technique for Mapping onto Network on Chip
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Analysis
	3 Implementation of Genetic Algorithm on 2D Mesh Topology
	4 Simulation and Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Optimization of Resistance Spot Welded Dissimilar Metals Utilizing Advanced Hybrid Taguchi-MARCOS Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Analysis and Methodology
	3 MARCOS Method
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Prioritizing the Factors Affect in Covid-19 Vaccines, a Fuzzy-AHP Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Framework
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Fuzzy Set
		4.2 Proposed Approach
		4.3 Calculation
		4.4 Overall Weightage Calculation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Apriori Versus FP-Growth for Recommendation System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Apriori Algorithm
		3.2 FP Growth Algorithm
	4 Dataset
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of EDM Process Parameters in Machining of Titanium Alloy Used for Aerospace Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Experimental Techniques
		2.1 Set-Up
		2.2 Electrode and Work Piece Material
		2.3 Design of Experiments
		2.4 Single Objective Optimization Using Taguchi Technique
		2.5 Multi-Objective Optimization Using Grey Relational Analysis
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 ANOVA for MRR
		3.2 ANOVA for Tool Wear Rate
		3.3 ANOVA for Surface Roughness
		3.4 Grey Relational Technique
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Dynamics
Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Rubber Tappers Using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Sampling Frame
		2.2 Data Collection Method
		2.3 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Finite Element Analysis of Cranked Beam with Reinforcement Detailing of SP 34 (1987)
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Geometry and Validation
		2.1 Methodology
		2.2 The Finite Element Mesh
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design and Analysis of Coir Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Based Internal Car Door Panel
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Design of Internal Car Door Panel
		3.1 Properties and Dimensions of Internal Car Door Panel
		3.2 Human Safety Criterion
	4 Result Analysis
		4.1 Effect of Impact Force in Side Collision
		4.2 Load on the Armrest
	5 Conclusion
	References
Pedobarography-Based Prosthetic Foot Design and Optimization Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Plantar Pressure Distribution Data
		2.2 Foot Modeling, Meshing Optimization Process
	3 Topology Optimization Results
		3.1 Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Scope
	References
Atlas Generation of Leg Mechanisms for Walking Platforms Using Creative Synthesis
	1 Introduction
	2 Living Creatures Coupler Curves
	3 Creative Design Procedure
		3.1 Analysis of Existing Mechanisms
		3.2 Design Specifications and Constraints
		3.3 Kinematic Number Synthesis
		3.4 Specialized Kinematic Chains
		3.5 Particularization
	4 Coupler Curves from Novel Mechanisms
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Curve Angle on Prestressed Box-Girder Bridges
	1 Introduction
	2 Validation
	3 Methodology
	4 Result and Disscusion
		4.1 Effect of Curve Angle
		4.2 Proposed Equation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design, Analysis and Optimization of Chassis for a Utility Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Constraints
	3 Design Methodology
		3.1 Chassis Design
		3.2 Design Procedure
		3.3 Use of Different Cross Section
		3.4 Track Width and Wheel Base
	4 Material Selection
	5 Structural Analysis
		5.1 Front Impact Analysis
		5.2 Side Impact Analysis
		5.3 Roll Over Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Semi-automated Manual Transmission
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Requirements for Conversion of Manual to Semi-automatic
	4 Technical Specifications of Gearbox
		4.1 Transaxle
		4.2 Clutch
	5 Design of Gear Shifter
		5.1 The Shifter
		5.2 The Selector
	6 Working
		6.1 For Gear Shifts not Involving Change of Shift Gates
		6.2 For Gear Shifts Involving Change of Shift Gates
		6.3 For Engaging Reverse Gear
	7 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Interdependence of Structural Irregularity in Connected Buildings
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling in ETABS
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Modeling and Analysis
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Inclination Angle of the Wall Fin on the Hydrogen–Air Micro-combustion
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometry and Numerical Scheme
		2.1 Geometry
		2.2 Governing Equations
		2.3 Numerical Scheme
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Grid Independence and Validation
		3.2 Influence of Wall-Fin Inclination Angle on the Combustion Efficiency
		3.3 Effect of Wall-Fin Inclination Angle on the Outer-Wall Temperature
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modeling of a Severe Accident in a VVR-Type Research Reactor Using MELCOR Accident Analysis Code
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Description of the VVR-Type Reactor
		2.2 Modeling of the Accident Scenario
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Thermal Management of Thermo-Electric Refrigeration System Applying Nanofluids Through a Minichannel Heat Sink
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Nanofluids and Its Use to Enhance Heat Transfer
		1.2 Thermoelectric Refrigeration
	2 Governing Equations
		2.1 Thermoelectric Refrigerator
		2.2 Estimation of Nanofluid Thermophysical Properties Used in Table 1
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Validation of the Model
		3.2 Variation of Nusselt Number
		3.3 Cooling Capacity Comparison
		3.4 Variation of Input Power
		3.5 Variation of COP with Nanoparticle Concentration
		3.6 Cooling Capacity Variation with Nanoparticle Concentration
		3.7 Temperature Distribution at the TEC
	4 Conclusions
	References
Mathematical Approach to Find Warpage Deformation of FDM Build Parts
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Analysis
	3 ANOVA Analysis
	4 Surface Plots for Warpage
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Study of Pressure Drop Calculation for Newtonian Slurry Through a Multi-segmented HDPE Pipeline
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Mathematical Formulas and Relations
		3.1 Different Flow Parameters and Relations
		3.2 Relationship Between Critical Deposition Velocity and Pipeline Diameter
	4 CFD and Flow Simulation
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Variation of Pressure Drop with Varying Bend Angles of the Pipeline
		5.2 Variation of Pressure Drop with Varying Inlet Velocity of the Pipeline
		5.3 Variation of Pressure Drop with Varying Concentration of Solids in the Slurry
		5.4 Variation of Pressure Drop with Varying Areas of Cross Section of the Pipeline
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Novel Applications of IOT in Industries
Development of Automobile Recommender System Using Machine Learning and AHP Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Statement of the Problem
		2.1 Problem
		2.2 Factors
	3 Algorithm
		3.1 User Specific Purpose
		3.2 General Purpose
	4 Validation of Algorithm
	5 Conclusions
	References
Correlation of Structural Irregularity in Circular Buildings Using Vital Signs
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling and Analysis of Buildings
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Deterministic Wind Speed Prediction with VMD Based Kernel Random Vector Functional Link Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 VMD
		2.2 KRVFLN
	3 Performance Measurement
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References:
Convolutional and Artificial Neural Network Collated to Descry Brain Tumor
	1 Overview
	2 Introduction
		2.1 Aim
		2.2 Significance
		2.3 Motivation
		2.4 Contribution
	3 Related Work
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Preparing Data
		4.2 Data Preprocessing
		4.3 Model Architecture
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Perspectives
	References
Comparative Analysis, Hardware Design and Simulation of Solar Tracker System
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 Objective
	3 Solutions and Methodologies
		3.1 Proposed Idea
		3.2 Modelling of Solar Tracker System
	4 Proposed Hardware Model
		4.1 Design of Solar Tracker Using Arduino
		4.2 Model Descriptions
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Simulation of Solar Tracker System
		5.2 Experiment on Fixed Plate Solar Collector
		5.3 Experiment on Tracking Solar Collector
		5.4 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Power Generation Improvement in Unsymmetrical PV Arrays During Partial Shading via MR Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Proposed Modules Position Relocation (MR) Technique
	4 Performance Under Partial Shading Scenario
		4.1 Performance During Shading Scenario A
		4.2 Performance During Shading Scenario B
		4.3 Performance During Shading Scenario C and D
	5 Conclusion
	References
Arc Faults Detection Using VMD Based DTEO in a PV-Battery Based DC Microgrid
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Arc Faults in PV-Battery Based DC Microgrid
		2.1 Building of PV-Battery Model
		2.2 Arc Faults Analysis
	3 Decomposition of Signals and Their Selection
		3.1 Variational Mode Decomposition
		3.2 Sparse-Kurtosis Index
	4 VMD Based DTEO Detection Scheme
		4.1 TEO
		4.2 Discrete Teager Energy Operator (DTEO)
	5 Simulation Results and Discussion
		5.1 Fault Resistance Variation
		5.2 Performance Evaluation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Stability and Quality Analysis of Solar Energy-Based Electrical Network Using an Improved Artificial Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Analysis
		2.1 Solar PV Cell
		2.2 Boost Converter
		2.3 Modeling of Boost Converter
	3 Controllers Design
		3.1 PID Controller
		3.2 Fuzzy Rule Base
		3.3 Proposed NARX-ANN Technique
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Wildfire Prevention—An Image Processing Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Convolutional Neural Network
		3.3 Binary Image Classification
	4 Experimental Summary and Discussion of Results
		4.1 Implementation
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical and Control System Design, Stress, Static, Dynamic and Control Analysis of 4-Axes SCARA Robot for Automation in Poultry and Vegetable Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Market Analysis
	3 Design of 4-Axes SCARA Robot and End Effector
		3.1 SCARA Robot
		3.2 End Effector Design
	4 Static Loading Analysis
		4.1 Altair HyperWorks
	5 Forward Kinematics of the RRPR SCARA Robot
		5.1 Link Coordinate Diagram
		5.2 Forward Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis
	6 Control System Analysis
	7 Results and Discussions
	8 Conclusion
	References
Frequency Stability Improvement in a Four-Area Power System with FOPID Controller
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Model and Optimisation Technique
		2.1 Considered Model
		2.2 FOPID Control Structure
		2.3 Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm (SOSA)
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Energy Resources: Energy Storage and Renewable Resources
Clean Energy Products, Their Circulation and Earnings Compilation Model
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Clean Energy Products
	2 Clean Energy Product-Services Circulation and Earnings Compilation Model for Rural Area
	3 Strategies for Adoption of Clean Energy Products in Rural Areas
	4 Conclusion and Policy Implications
	References
A Feasibility Study to Obtain Biodiesel from Avocado Waste in the Lambayeque Region, Peru
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Physicochemical Parameters of the Waste
		3.2 Method for Obtaining Biodiesel from Avocado Waste
		3.3 Factors
		3.4 Production of Biodiesel Obtained from Avocado Waste
		3.5 Use of Biodiesel Obtained from Avocado Waste
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Studies on Corrosion Performance of Reheated AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Weight Loss Determination
		2.2 Electrochemical Experimentation
		2.3 Micrograph Study
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Weight Loss Determination
		3.2 Electrochemical Experimentation
		3.3 Micrograph Study
	4 Conclusions
	References
Performance Study on Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) with Parametric Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Solar-Assisted Electric Vehicle
	3 Solar-Assisted Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Fuel Cell Stack Model Correlation
		4.2 Parametric Optimization
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study on Bio-corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy Using Sodium Chloride Solution
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Weight Loss Measurement
		2.2 Electrochemical Test
		2.3 Surface Morphology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Weight Loss Analysis
		3.2 Electrochemical Corrosion and OCP Behaviour
		3.3 Surface Morphology
	4 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Appraisal of Mahua Biodiesel-Powered Compression Ignition Engine to Improve Performance Characteristics by RSM Coupled WASPAS Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation of Mahua Biodiesel
	3 Experimental Setup
		3.1 WASPAS Methodology
		3.2 Genetic Algorithm
		3.3 Simulated Annealing Algorithm
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Ammonium Picronitrate: An Organic Crystal for Generation of Higher Harmonics and Photonic Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Material Synthesis
		2.2 Selection of Suitable Solvent
		2.3 Crystal Growth
	3 Characterization Techniques
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction
		4.2 FT-IR Spectral Analyses
		4.3 Surface Analysis by SEM and AFM
		4.4 TGA-DTA Analysis
		4.5 Chemical Etching and Laser Damage Threshold Studies
		4.6 Photoluminescence (PL) Studies
		4.7 Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Studies
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Nonlinear Control for Renewable Energy-Based Micro-Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Micro-Grid Structure
		2.1 Distribution Generation Modeling (DG)
	3 Controllers for Micro-Grid
		3.1 PI Controller Model
		3.2 Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller (BSMC) for PV Converter
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of 700 KW Solar PV Grid-Connected System: An Empirical Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Identification
		2.1 Specification of Solar Panel
	3 Performance Analysis Using SCADA System
		3.1 Performance Ratio (PR)
		3.2 Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF)
		3.3 Inverter Losses (IL)
		3.4 PV Loss Due to Temperature
	4 Experimental Calculation
		4.1 Irradiance
		4.2 Performance Ratio
		4.3 Total Generation
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
		5.1 Future Scope
	References
Power Quality Improvement of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer with PI Controller
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of the System
		2.1 PV Modelling
		2.2 Wind Turbine Modelling
		2.3 Fuel Cell Modelling
	3 Controller Design
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Simulink Results
		4.2 Simulink Results PI Controller Controls the DVR
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hydro Governor Damping Controller to Improve Dynamic Stability of Wind-Integrated Power System
	1 Introduction
	2 Wind Energy Integrated Power System
	3 Objective Function
	4 DEWOA Optimization Technique
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Gear Pair Analysis: Double Circular Arc with Involute Profile
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Double Circular Arc with Involute Tooth Profile Gear Pair
	3 Mathematical Formulation for the Double Circular Arc with Involute Gear Pair
		3.1 Coordinate Equations for the Involute Segment of the Complete Double Circular Arc
		3.2 Coordinate Equations for the Upper Convex Circular Arc Segment of the Complete Double Circular
		3.3 Coordinate Equations for the Lower Concave Circular Arc Segment of the Complete Double Circular Arc
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Plate Heat Exchanger Using Al/H2O Nanofluid: An Experimental Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Investigation
		2.1 Nanofluid Preparation
		2.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure
		2.3 Data Reduction
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient
		3.2 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
	4 Conclusions
	References
Wear and Corrosion Behaviour of WS2 Reinforced Al-Based Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Non-traditional Machining Processes: Application of a Simple Optimization Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Simple Optimization (SOPT) Algorithm
		2.1 Handling of Constraints in the SOPT Algorithm
		2.2 SOPT Algorithm
		2.3 Settings for SOPT
	3 Non-traditional Machining Processes
		3.1 Ultrasonic Machining Process (USM)
		3.2 Abrasive Jet Machining Process (AJM)
		3.3 Wire Electric Discharge Machining Process (WEDM)
		3.4 Water Jet Machining (WJM)
	4 Optimization Models for Non-traditional Processes
		4.1 Optimization Model for USM
		4.2 Optimization Model for AJM of Brittle Material
		4.3 Optimization Model for AJM of Ductile Material
		4.4 Optimization Model for WEDM
		4.5 Optimization Model for Water Jet Machining
	5 Conclusion
	References
Storage, Handling, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Hazardous Waste Management in Nuclear Medicine Department
		3.1 Storage
		3.2 Collection
		3.3 Disposal
		3.4 Waste Handling Agency
	4 Hazardous Waste Management in the Radiation Therapy Department
		4.1 Radioactivity Survey
		4.2 Record Keeping
		4.3 Waste Storage
		4.4 Waste Disposal
	5 Conclusion
	References