Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering: Select Proceedings of STAAAR 2022 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Abbreviations
Design
A Suitable Battery Technology to Integrate with Solar Photovoltaic Panels for Residential Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Studies
		2.1 Solar PV Modules
		2.2 Various Battery Technologies
		2.3 Circuit Diagram of PV System Charging Various Battery Technologies
	3 Simulink Model and Parameter
		3.1 Simulink Model Parameters
		3.2 Simulink Model of a PV System Charging Various Batteries
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Different Batteries Charge at Varying Solar Irradiation and Constant Temperature of 25 °C
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Performance Analysis of PLA-Based Spacer of Artificial Knee Joint Using FEA
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Material of Spacer
		2.2 Modeling and Designing of the Spacer
		2.3 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Spacer
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Stress Distribution in the Spacer
		3.2 Strain Distribution on Spacer
		3.3 Deformation in the Spacer
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Operating Condition on Permanent Magnet Heating System
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Aluminum Vessel (Thickness 1 mm)
		3.2 Aluminum Vessel (Thickness 2 mm)
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design, Analysis, and Fabrication of Battery-Operated Mobile Rice Thresher Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing Method and Innovation
	3 Design and Analysis
		3.1 Design
		3.2 Analysis
	4 Design Calculation
	5 Fabrication Process
	6 Result and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Automated Machine for Preparation and Treatment of Viscous Fluids
	1 Introduction
	2 Circuit Diagram
	3 Construction
	4 Working
	5 Design Calculations
		5.1 Design of Wedge Hopper
		5.2 Design of Conveyor Belt
		5.3 Design of Lead Screw
		5.4 Thermal Insulation Calculation
	6 Analysis
		6.1 Horizontal Conveyor Setup
		6.2 Vertical Conveyor Setup
		6.3 Chimney
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Pallet Transfer Mechanism for Machining Centers
	1 Introduction
	2 Pallet Transfer Mechanism
	3 Working Mechanism
	4 Analysis of Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Kitchen Countertop Dimensions for Indian Population
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Manpower Optimisation in Housekeeping Activities Employing MOST: A Methodological Approach for Manufacturing Sectors
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Literature Critique
	4 Scope of the Study
	5 Procedure Adopted
		5.1 Plant Survey
		5.2 Work Division
		5.3 Making Standards for Each Area
		5.4 Visualise Some Employees for Process Standardisation
		5.5 Elemental Breakdown and MOST Analysis
		5.6 MOST Analysis When a Cleaning Machine is Utilised
		5.7 Extrapolation of Data to Entire Plant Area
		5.8 Manpower Calculation
	6 Final Execution
	7 Results and Discussion
	8 Concluding Remarks
	References
Finite Element Analysis on Coconut Tree Climbing Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of the Coconut Tree Climbing Mechanism
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Jaw
		3.2 Bracket
		3.3 Universal Joint
		3.4 Springs
		3.5 Ring
	4 Conclusions
	References
Identification of Reliability for an Automobile Sub-system Maruti Suzuki Alto
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Clutch System
		3.2 Rear Brake
		3.3 Suspension
		3.4 Front Brake
	4 Conclusion
	References
Manufacturing
Surface Modification by Abrasive Water Jet Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Biomedical Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation
		2.1 Surface Modification
		2.2 Surface Characterization and Wettability
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Surface Modification
		3.2 Wettability
	4 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Cold Extrusion on Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Formed MMC
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Selection of Matrix Materials
		2.2 Selection of Reinforcement Materials
		2.3 Material Fabrication
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Formation of In-situ TiB2 Particles
		3.2 Microstructural Analysis
		3.3 Macro Hardness
		3.4 Tensile Properties
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation and Optimization of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Inconel 925 Superalloy Using the Taguchi Gray Relation
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Identification
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Design of Experiment
		3.2 Grey Relational Analysis for Multi-optimization
	4 Results
		4.1 Taguchi Analysis for MRR
		4.2 Taguchi Analysis for Surface Roughness
		4.3 Taguchi Gray Relational Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Multi-response Optimization of Friction Stir Welded Joint of AA6061 Using Hybrid GRA and PC Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Grey Relational Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Materials Removal in EDM Over Ti-6Al-4V Using Graphite Powder-Mixed Pungai Oil
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology
		2.1 Workpiece
		2.2 Electrode Material
		2.3 Dielectric Fluids
		2.4 Experimental Procedure
		2.5 Calculation of MRR and TWR
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Impact of Process Parameters on MRR
		3.2 Impact of Process Parameters on TWR
	4 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Weld Energy on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic Spot Welded Al/CuNi Dissimilar Sheets
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Materials and Methods
		2.2 Weld Quality Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Tensile Properties and Critical Stress Intensity Factor
		3.2 Vickers Microhardness
		3.3 Microstructural Characteristics
		3.4 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Practical Implications of Lean Manufacturing Implementation Based on Kaizen Suggestions: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Case Study on a SME, a Kitchenware Manufacturing Unit
		3.1 Case Organization
		3.2 Description of Project’s Objectives and Duration
		3.3 Kaizen Standards for LM Practices Implementation
	4 Crucial Insights from This Case Study
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Experimental Investigations on Al 1100 Sheet Metal Using Deep Drawing Technique Through Conical Die Without Blank Holder
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Universal Testing Machine UTM
		2.3 Die and Punch Geometry
		2.4 Experimental Procedure
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Outcomes of 50 mm Blank Diameter
		3.2 Outcomes of 55 mm Blank Diameter
		3.3 Comparison of 50 mm and 55 mm Blank Cup Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Robotics
Review of Comprehensive Survey on Recent Trends in Parking Brake System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 Survey on Fully Mechanical Parking Brake System
		2.2 Survey on Fully Electro-Mechanical Park Braking System
		2.3 Survey on Fully Electronic Park Braking System
		2.4 Survey on Electronic Hill Start/Hill Hold
	3 The Proposed Model of an Electro-Hydraulic Automatic Braking System
	4 Methodology of Operation and Investigation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Revolution of Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Healthcare: A Keyword Co-occurrence Network Analysis Using CiteSpace
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Review
		1.2 Objectives
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Thematic Cluster
		3.2 Burst Keywords
	4 Conclusion
	References
Engineering to Order Applications for the Manufacturing Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Gap Analysis
		2.1 Methodology and Work Process for the Case Study
	3 ETO Manufacturing Production Planning and Control Frameworks
	4 Basics of Automation Cycle of ETO and Cloud Relation
		4.1 ETO Process Merging Sales and Engineering
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Emergency Medical Service Mobile Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 System Design
	4 Workflows
	5 System Architecture
	6 Result
	7 Conclusions
	8 Discussion and Future Work
	References
Study of Kinematics for Industrial Robots
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of 5-DOF Industrial Robotic Manipulator
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Machine Learning Based Air Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting System
	1 Introduction
	2 Pollution Prediction Method
	3 Random Forest ML Algorithm in Pollution Prediction
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Edge Detection-Based Medibot and Adoption of Deep Learning for Hand Gesture Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Prototype—Medibot
		2.1 Edge Detection Algorithm
	3 Design Implementation
		3.1 Hardware Implementation
	4 Machine Learning Model for Static Hand Gesture Recognition
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development of Low-Altitude Autonomous Drone for Crop Wheat Monitoring and Disease Identification
	1 Introduction
	2 Yellow Rust Symptoms
	3 Development of Crop Monitoring System
		3.1 Fabrication of Prototype Drone System
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design and Analysis of Morphed Wings
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Design
	3 Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Automatic Weld Features Identification and Weld Quality Improvement in Laser Sensor Integrated Robotic Arc Welding
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Plan
	3 Weld Seam Position and Width Finding by the Point Laser Sensor
		3.1 Need of Weld Seam Position and Width Finding
		3.2 Calibration of Laser Sensor
		3.3 Weld Seam Position Deviation and Width Measurement by the Laser Sensor
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Setting of Welding Parameters for Getting Optimal Weld Quality
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mechanical Malfunction Detection in Vehicle Using Artificial Intelligence
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Solution
	3 Methodology
	4 Signal Analysis
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Thermal
The Performance and Emissions of Engines Powered by Biodiesel Derived from Cottonseed Oil
	1 Introduction
	2 Biodiesel Production from Cottonseed Oil
	3 Experiment Setup and Procedure
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Fuel Consumption and Brake Thermal Efficiency
		4.2 Emission of CO
		4.3 Emission of NOx
	5 Conclusions
	References
Heat Transportation Phenomenon in Sliding Contact
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Temperature Rise in Sliding Contact
		2.1 Average Contact Surface Temperature (CST) Rise
		2.2 Flash Temperature Rise
	3 Result and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Analysis on Chosen Parameters of Environment-Friendly Adelfa Biodiesel on a CI DI Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Performance Characteristics
	5 Emission Characteristics
	6 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of Biogas Power Generation from Organic Wastes on Small Scale
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Biogas Generation
		2.2 Anaerobic Digestion
		2.3 Biogas Filtration
		2.4 Biogas to Electricity
	3 Technical Process
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Electricity Conversion
		4.2 Flash Test
	5 Conclusion
	References
Domestic Wood Cookstove Design Featuring a Conical Tube-Shaped Air Inlet Section for Efficient Wood Burning and Combustion Under Ideal Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Analysis of Domestic Cookstove
		2.1 Air Requirement for Combustion
		2.2 Wood Consumption Rate (WCR)
		2.3 Design Description
		2.4 Design Specifications
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Design of Air Inlet Section
		3.2 Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Study on Performance Enhancement Analysis and Environmental Impact of Flat-Plate Solar Water Heater Integrated with Nanofluids
	1 Introduction
	2 Solar Thermal Systems (STSs)
		2.1 Flat-Plate Collector (FPC)
	3 Environmental Analysis of FPSWH
		3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
		3.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
	4 Analysis of FPSWH Using Nanofluids
		4.1 Performance Evaluation Strategy of FPSWH
		4.2 Effect of Nanofluids on the Performance of FPSWH
		4.3 Use of Hybrid Nanofluids in FPSWH
	5 Conclusion
	References
CFD Analysis of Solid Particle Erosion in Pipe Bends
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Computational Model
		2.2 Boundary Conditions
		2.3 Numerical Computations
		2.4 Validation of Numerical
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Bend Size on Erosion Rate
		3.2 Effect of Bend Angle on Erosion Rate
		3.3 Effect of Bend Radius on Erosion Rate
		3.4 Effect of Velocity and Particle Size on Erosion Rate
	4 Conclusions
	References
Materials/Composites
Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Corn-Based Reinforced Composites Using Taguchi Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Material Selection and Experimental Design
		2.1 Material Selection and Their Fabrication
		2.2 Experimental Design
	3 Mechanical Tests Perforated on Prepared Specimens
		3.1 Compression and Tensile Tests
		3.2 Izod Impact Test
	4 SEM and XRD
		4.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		4.2 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
	5 Results
		5.1 Taguchi Approach
		5.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
		5.3 Confirmation Test
		5.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		5.5 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
		5.6 Validation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optical and Microstructural Study of Wide Band Gap ZnO@ZnS Core–Shell Nanorods to be Used as Solar Cell Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Core–Shell Particles Synthesis
		2.1 Chemicals Used for Synthesis
		2.2 ZnO@ZnS Core–Shell Preparations
	3 Material Characterization
		3.1 Instruments Specification
		3.2 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Elevated Refractive Index of MoS2 Amorphous Nanoparticles with a Reduced Band Gap Applicable for Optoelectronics
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Section
		2.1 Chemicals and Materials
		2.2 Synthesis of MoS2 Nanoparticles
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Structural Analysis
		3.2 Optical Studies
		3.3 Morphological Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) Plant Ash, Moringa Filler Powder Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composite Properties for Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Hyacinth Plant Ash Particle Extraction
		2.2 Composite Production
		2.3 Hardness Properties
		2.4 Absorption Studies
		2.5 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Hardness Strength
		3.2 Absorption Studies (Water and Chemical)
		3.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Friction and Wear Behaviour of Amygdalus-Based Green Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Design of Experiments
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Specific Wear Rate
		3.2 Coefficient of Friction
		3.3 Optimization and Confirmation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Relationship of Noise Level with Pavement Distresses
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objective of the Study
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Highways
		2.2 Field Data Collection
	3 Model Development
	4 Ground Truth Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Study on Various Factors Influences the Mechanical Behavior of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composite
	1 Introduction
	2 Natural Fibers
	3 Natural Fibers Hybrid Composite
	4 Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of NFPC’s
		4.1 Selection of Fibers
		4.2 Selection of Polymers
		4.3 Fiber Treatment
		4.4 Length of Fibers and Fillers
		4.5 Loading of Fibers and Fillers
		4.6 Fiber Orientation
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanocomposite
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Stir Casting Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Tensile Test
		3.2 Compression Test Result
		3.3 Hardness Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Investigation of Polyethylene-Based Composite Phase Change Material in Cylindrical Shell and Coil Thermal Energy Storage
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Importance of Composite Thermal Storage Material
	2 Numerical Modeling
		2.1 Mesh and Time-Independent Analysis
		2.2 Governing Equations
		2.3 Methodology for Computation
	3 Material Properties
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Temperature Variation in Charging
		4.2 Melting Fraction Profile During Charging
	5 Conclusion
	References
Structural, Dielectric, Impedance, Ferroelectric Studies of Zinc Doped Bismuth Ferrites for Hydroelectric Cell Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Structural Analysis
		3.2 Morphological Analysis
		3.3 Optical Properties
		3.4 Dielectric Properties
		3.5 Ferroelectric Properties
		3.6 Hydroelectric Cell Properties
	4 Conclusion
	References
Investigation on the Dynamic Behavior of Functionally Graded Plates Resting on Two Parameter Elastic Foundation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Mechanical Properties on Bamboo E-Glass-Reinforced Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Flowchart
		2.2 Materials and Methods
		2.3 Preparation of Specimen Plates
		2.4 Test Standards
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Test Results Analysis
		3.2 Comparative Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Green Synthesis of ZnO-CoFe2O4 Nanocomposite and Study of its Structural and Electrical Behavior Along with Hydroelectric Cell Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Synthesis of CoFe2O4 and ZnO Nanoparticles
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Structural Measurements
		3.2 Morphology Analysis
		3.3 Dielectric Measurements
		3.4 Impedance Spectra Analysis
		3.5 P-E Loop Properties
		3.6 Hydroelectric Cell Application
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Investigation of Casuarina Filler Reinforced Polymer Composite
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Casuarina Filler Powder
		2.2 Epoxy Resin and Hardener
		2.3 Hand Lay-Up Technique
	3 Characterizations of Composite Materials
		3.1 Tensile Test
		3.2 Flexural Test
		3.3 Impact Test
		3.4 Degradability Test–Soil Burial Test
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Tensile Strength
		4.2 Flexural Strength
		4.3 Impact Strength
		4.4 Degradability Test–Soil Burial Test
		4.5 Fabricated Component
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Analysis of Foaming Agent Contents in AA7075/SiC Closed Cell Aluminum Composite Foam
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Material Synthesis
		2.3 Microstructure Characterization
		2.4 Compressive Testing
		2.5 Energy Absorption
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructural Observations
		3.2 Compression Deformation Behavior
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of SiC Particulate Content on the Abrasive Wear Parameters of AA5052 Matrix
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Experiment Setup
		2.1 Material and Method Used for AMMC Fabrication
		2.2 Analysis of Microstructure
		2.3 Evaluation of Density
		2.4 Abrasive Wear Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructure
		3.2 Density
		3.3 Abrasive Wear
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Lemon Seed Oil Blended with Hydrogen in CI Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
		2.1 Outline of Oil
		2.2 Extraction of Oil
		2.3 Hydrogen
		2.4 Fuel Preparation
		2.5 Engine Set-Up
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency
		3.2 Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption
		3.3 Carbon Monoxide
		3.4 Hydrocarbon
		3.5 Oxides of Nitrogen
		3.6 Smoke Opacity
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Investigation on Neem Oil–Water Emulsion in a Thermal Barrier Coating Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Overview of Neem Oil
		2.2 Plasma Spray Technique
		2.3 LHR Engine
		2.4 Fuel Preparation
		2.5 Experimental Setup
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 BTE
		3.2 BSFC
		3.3 HC
		3.4 CO
		3.5 NOx
		3.6 Smoke
	4 Conclusion
	References
Review and Challenges of Green Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Green Polymers
		2.2 Plant Oil-Based Composites
	3 3. Discussions
		3.1 Nanofillers in the Polymer Composite Materials
		3.2 Nanoclay
		3.3 Carbon Nanotube and Graphene
	4 Challenges of Natural Fiber and Nanofiller-Based Polymer Composites
	5 Futures of Polymer-Based Natural Fiber with Nanofillers
	6 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Properties of Fiber Metal Laminate Hybrid Composite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Materials
		2.2 Methods of Fabrication
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fabrication of Cooling Storage Device and Optimization Its Parameters for Thermal Energy Storage Application by Using Glycerine as a Phase Change Material (PCM)
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Thermoelectric Cooling
		2.2 Phase Changing Materials
		2.3 Thermal Energy Storage Application
	3 Methodology and Research Work
		3.1 Methodology
		3.2 Research Set-Up
		3.3 Research Work
		3.4 Data from Research on the Cooling Process
		3.5 Heat Load Calculations
	4 Grey Relation Analysis (GRA)
	5 Results
	6 Comparison
	7 Conclusion
	References