Recent Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Technology: Select Proceedings of ICAMMT 2022

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
The Chip Formation Mechanism for the Machining of the EN8 Unalloyed Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
		4.1 The VMS and Chip Type
		4.2 The Study Using SEM
	5 Conclusions
	References
Parameter Optimization for Titanium Superalloy for Electrical Discharge Machining Using Advanced Optimization Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
	3 Jaya Algorithm
	4 Optimization
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Deep Review: Techniques, Findings and Limitations of Traffic Flow Prediction Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Architectures
	4 Conclusion, Limitations, and Future Work
	References
Effect of Normalizing Followed by Deep Cryogenic Soaking on Mechanical Properties of P91 Martensitic Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 X-Ray Diffraction Spectra for Normalized and Normalized Followed by Cryogenic Soaking Samples
		3.2 Variation of Volumetric % of RA and Hardness with ATT
		3.3 Optimization of ATT
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Tempering Variables on Mechanical Properties of P91 Martensitic Steel and Determination of Hollomon–Jaffe Parameter
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 X-Ray Diffraction Spectra in Tempering
		3.2 Variation in Hardness and Impact Toughness in Tempering
		3.3 Hollomon–Jaffe Parameter
	4 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Multi-pass Friction Stir Processing on Microhardness and Wear Properties of AA2014/SiC–CNT Hybrid Surface Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Materials
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Strength Characterisation of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Recycled Concrete Aggregate
		1.2 Improvement of Properties of RCA
		1.3 Applications in Construction Activities
		1.4 Design Mix of RAC
	2 Research Significance and Objectives
	3 Experimental Programme
		3.1 Materials
		3.2 Recycled Concrete Aggregate
		3.3 Design Mix
		3.4 Casting and Curing of Trial Samples
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Effect of Nano-TiO2 Content (wt.%) on Hardness of Epoxy Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 XRD Analysis
		3.2 SEM–EDS Analysis
		3.3 FTIR Analysis
		3.4 Hardness
	4 Conclusions
	References
Development and Characterization of Nano-SiO2-Enhanced Polymer Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 XRD Analysis
		3.2 SEM–EDS Analysis
		3.3 FTIR Analysis
		3.4 Vickers Microhardness
	4 Conclusions
	References
Optimization Techniques Used in Machining Processes: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Conventional Optimization Approaches
	3 Non-conventional Optimization Approaches
	4 Hybrid Optimization Techniques
	5 Conclusion
	References
Coupled Temperature Displacement Finite Element Analysis of Friction Welding of Similar and Dissimilar Metals
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Modelling of Friction Welding
		2.1 General Assumptions
		2.2 Geometry and Meshing
		2.3 Boundary Conditions
		2.4 Material Modelling
	3 Results and Discussions of FEM
		3.1 Stress Distribution
		3.2 Temperature Distribution
		3.3 Axial Shortening/Upsetting
		3.4 Comparative Study of FEM with Experimental Observations
	4 Results and Discussions of RSM
		4.1 Effect of Parameters on Stress
		4.2 Effect of Parameters on Temperature
		4.3 Effect of Parameters on Upset
	5 Conclusions
	References
Microstructural Effect of Stir-Cast and Squeeze Stir-Cast AZ91 Mg Under Variable Dry-Sliding Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentations
		2.1 Fabrication
		2.2 Dry-Sliding Wear Tests
		2.3 Characterization of Fabricated AZ91 Mg Alloys
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Effect of SC- and SCC-AZ91 Mg Alloys on Microstructural Structures
		3.2 The Behavior of Frictional Force
		3.3 Wear Behavior and Microstructural Correlation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Behaviour Analysis of Layered Beam Using ANSYS
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Verification
	4 Conclusions
	References
Thermal Performance Analysis of Eccentric Helical Coil Tube in Tube Heat Exchanger Using CFD
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Eccentric HCTT
		2.1 Grid Independent Test
		2.2 Governing Equations
		2.3 Boundary Condition and Setup
		2.4 Thermal and Hydraulic Performance Parameter
	3 Model Validation
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Effect of Dean Number
		4.2 Effect of Inclination Angle (β) of Inner Tube
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Performance of Roughened Triangular Duct of Solar Air Heater
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
		2.1 Numerical Procedure
		2.2 Governing Equations
		2.3 Grid Independence Test
		2.4 Boundary Conditions and Solutions
	3 Data Reduction
	4 Model Validation
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Effect of Roughness Element in Nusselt Number
		5.2 Effect of Roughness Element in Friction Factor
		5.3 Effect of Roughness Element in Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Parameter (TPP)
	6 Conclusion
	References
Structural Analysis of Aircraft Wing Considering Titanium Alloy
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Material Selection and Theoretical Modal Analysis of Air Foil Wing
		2.2 Modal Analysis of Air Foil Wing
		2.3 Structural Analysis of Air Foil Wing
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of T6 Heat Treatment on Compressive Strength of Al6082 Reinforced with Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
		2.1 Selection of Materials
		2.2 Synthesis of MWCNTs Reinforced Al6082 Composites
		2.3 Heat Treatment of Nanocomposites
		2.4 Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Morphological Analysis
		3.2 T6 Heat Treatment Cycle
		3.3 Compressive Strength
	4 Conclusions
	References
Application of Digital Image Processing on Machined Surfaces: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Image Processing Application
	3 Methodology
	4 Review Literature
	5 Conclusion
	References
Arm Fracture Detection Using Deep Convolution Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Method and Material
		2.1 Proposed Methodology
		2.2 Database
		2.3 Image Pre-processing
		2.4 Feature Extraction
		2.5 Convolution Neural Network
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Manufacturing Techniques and Effect of Stacking Sequence on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of FRP Hybrid Composites: An Overview
	1 Introduction
	2 Hybrid Composites
	3 Fabrication of Hybrid Composite
		3.1 Hand Lay-Up Technique
		3.2 Compression Moulding
		3.3 Pultrusion
		3.4 Bag Moulding Processes
		3.5 Resin Transfer Moulding
		3.6 Filament Winding
	4 Effect of Stacking Sequence
		4.1 Effect of Symmetrical Stacking Sequence
		4.2 Effect of Unsymmetrical Stacking Sequence
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study of Gap Flow Simulation for Machining Gap in Electric Discharge Machining process—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Effect of Various Parameter on Gap Flow Field
		2.1 Effect of Inlet Velocity on Gap Flow Field
		2.2 Effect of Machining Depth on Gap Flow Field
		2.3 Combine Effect of Depth and Velocity on Gap Flow Field
	3 Conclusion
	References
Fabrication and Structural Analysis of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation of Metal Matrix Composite
		2.1 Stir Casting Process
		2.2 Sample Preparation and Procedure
		2.3 Casting Parameters
	3 Testing of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite
		3.1 Hardness Test
		3.2 Tensile Test
		3.3 Charpy Impact Test
		3.4 Izod Impact Test
		3.5 Micro Structure Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Brief Review of Technical Parameters and Its Applications Used in Cold Spray Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Working Principle
	3 Types of Cold Spray Coating System
		3.1 High-Pressure Cold Spray System (HPCS)
		3.2 Low-Pressure Cold Spray System (LPCS)
	4 Cold Spray Parameters
		4.1 Gas Temperature and Pressure
		4.2 Standoff/Spraying Distance
		4.3 Transverse Speed of Spray Nozzle
		4.4 Spraying Angle
		4.5 Substrate Temperature
		4.6 Spraying Nozzle
		4.7 Substrate Preparation
	5 Application of Cold Spray Process
		5.1 Metallic Cold Spray Coatings
		5.2 Metal Matrix Composite Cold Spray Coatings
		5.3 Ceramic Cold Spray Coatings
		5.4 Nanocrystalline Cold Spray Coatings
		5.5 Polymer Cold Spray Coatings
	6 Challenges in Cold Spray Process
	7 Conclusion
	References
Finite Element Analysis of Uniaxial Compression Test
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Models and Materials
		2.2 Boundary Conditions and Analyses
	3 Computational Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Biodegradable Zinc-Based Alloys for Implants
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Material Preparation
		2.2 Microstructure
		2.3 Mechanical Testing
		2.4 Biocompatibility Studies
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Microstructure
		3.2 Hardness
		3.3 Tensile Test
		3.4 Compression Test
		3.5 Fractography
		3.6 Biocompatibility Studies
	4 Conclusions
	References
Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Bimodular Beam
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description and Analytical Model
	3 Application
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design Analysis of a UAV for Medical Transport Purposes
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Underlying Principles of Drones
	2 Design Analysis
		2.1 Materials Used
		2.2 Different Components of the Drone
		2.3 CFD Analysis of Turbulence
	3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Optimization of the EDM Using a Genetic Algorithm on Machining of Al7075/SIC/WS2 Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Fabrication of Specimen
		2.2 Taguchi’s Design of Experiment
		2.3 Experimentation on EDM
		2.4 Regression Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 The Impact of Process Variables on the Characteristics of Machining
		3.2 Genetic Algorithm (GA)-Based Optimization
	4 Conclusion
	References
Status of Bio-printing Inks and Their Compatibility with Current Printing Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 3D Bioprinting Techniques
		2.1 Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
		2.2 Stereolithography (SLA)
		2.3 Direct Ink Writing (DIW)
		2.4 Inkjet Printing
	3 Summary of the 3D Bio-printing Process
	4 Conclusion
	References
Firefighting and Extinguishing Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey on Fire Detection Robots
	3 Motivation
	4 Design Flow
	5 Implementation
	6 Robotic Structure
	7 Functioning of Robot
	8 Results
	9 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Noise Reduction of Jet/Aircraft Engine Fitted with N10 Chevron Nozzle and Comparative Analysis with N8 Nozzle at Varied Tip Angle (β)
	1 Introduction
	2 Chevrons Configuration
		2.1 Catia Model
	3 Model Computional Fluid Dynamics Study
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Acoustic Power Level Contours
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Study on Effect of Process Parameters on AJM of Partially Biodegradable Hybrid Composite Using TOPSIS Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Fabrication of Composite Samples
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Synthesis of Composites
	3 Experimentation and Result Analysis
		3.1 Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM)
		3.2 Taguchi’s Analysis
		3.3 TOPSIS (Technique of Order-Preference-Similarity to the Ideal-Solution)
		3.4 Confirmatory Experiment for Taguchi Analysis and TOPSIS Approach
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Artificial Roughness on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in a Solar Air Heater: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 HT Enhancement Techniques
	3 Basics of Artificial Roughness Element
	4 HT Enhancement of SAH
	5 HT Enhancement of SAH
	6 Conclusions
	References
An Overview of Extrinsic Strategies of Self-healing Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Extrinsic Strategy
		2.1 Microencapsulation
		2.2 Hollow Fibre
		2.3 Vascular Network
	3 Applications
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Study on Chemical Composition, Morphology, and Hardness of Spheroidal Graphite (SG) and Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI)
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 XRD Analysis
		3.2 Morphology
		3.3 Hardness
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Parametric Variance on Wear and Mechanical Behavior of the Polymer Hybrid Composite: A Brief Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Short Review of Wear and Mechanical Behavior Using Different Reinforcement
	3 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Analysis of Performance of Solar Water Heater for Optimizing Tilt Angle Under Effect of Wind Speed
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Work
		1.2 Experimental Apparatus
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Total Heat Loss Coefficient (UTotal)
	3 Result’s Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	5 Nomenclature
	References
AI Pathfinding Algorithm in 3D Game Development Strategy Optimization System
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Research
		2.1 Path Pathfinding
		2.2 Priority Search
		2.3 A* Algorithm
	3 Experimental Research
		3.1 Improvement Plan
		3.2 Optimization of Heuristic Function
	4 Experimental Analysis
		4.1 Comparison of Heuristic Functions
		4.2 Experiment Comparison of Pathfinding Technology
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimal Design of Garden Landscape Space Environment Based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Optimal Design of Garden Landscape Space Environment Based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm
		3.1 Interactive Genetic Algorithm
		3.2 Optimization Design of Garden Landscape Space Environment
		3.3 Application of Interactive Genetic Algorithm in the Optimal Design of Garden Landscape Space Environment
	4 Experiment and Research
		4.1 Experimental Background
		4.2 Experimental Process
	5 Analysis and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Prediction of Global Climate Change Based on Grey Model and Climate Governance Partnership
	1 Introduction
	2 Prediction Method and Model Construction
		2.1 Introduction to Prediction Methods
		2.2 Advantages of Grey Prediction Model
		2.3 Construction of Grey Prediction Model
	3 Prediction and Analysis of Global Climate Change
		3.1 Data Acquisition
		3.2 Data Prediction
		3.3 Data Analysis
	4 Countermeasure for Climate Change
		4.1 Real-Time Monitor Climate Dynamic Changes and Provide Scientific Information on Climate Governance
		4.2 Enhance Mutual Trust and Consensus of Governments and Build a Platform for Communication and Cooperation Amongst Multiple Subjects
		4.3 Widely Popularize Climate Change Knowledge and Promote the Internalization of the Dissemination of Environmental Protection Concepts
		4.4 Supervise the Emission Reduction Behaviour of Enterprises and Reduce the Economic Losses of Enterprises
	5 Conclusions
	References
Simulated Evacuation Analysis of a Secondary Building Based on Pathfinder, PyroSim, and Revit
	1 Researching Background
	2 Ease of Use Safety Evacuation Analysis of Secondary Buildings Based on Revit and Pathfinder
		2.1 Model Assumptions
		2.2 Revit-Based BIM Model of an Academic Building
		2.3 Pathfinder-Based Evacuation Model for Buildings
		2.4 Simulation
		2.5 Simulated Evacuation
	3 PyroSim Software-Based Fire Simulation Analysis of the Building
		3.1 Simulation
		3.2 Flue Gas Analysis
		3.3 Analysis of the Temperature Distribution in the Tangential Plane of the Z-axis on the Second Floor
	4 Related Work
	References
Fire Evacuation System Based on UWB Indoor Positioning Technology and Small Program
	1 Introduction
	2 System Building
		2.1 Small Program System
		2.2 Indoor Positioning System
		2.3 Escape Route Planning and Transmission System
	3 Simulation and Simulation
		3.1 Calculation of Evacuation Time in Japan
		3.2 Pathfinder Model Construction and Personnel Model Design
		3.3 Model Operation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Research on the Related Technology of WebSocket Network Communication in the Public Area Comprehensive Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Relevant Technologies
		3.1 B/S Structure and C/S Structure
		3.2 SSH Frame
		3.3 WebSocket Overview
		3.4 SIP Overview
		3.5 VLC Overview
		3.6 WebRTC Overview
	4 Conclusion
	References
Safety Detection System of Perovskite Battery Materials Based on Intelligent Identification Algorithm
	1 Perovskite Solar Cells
	2 Neural Network Algorithm
	3 Model Design and Application
		3.1 Optical Design Based on FDTD Numerical Simulation
		3.2 Calculation of Electronic Characteristics Based on the First Principle
		3.3 Device Software Based Device Performance Simulation and Scheme Design
	4 Analysis of Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Application of Industrial Robot in Injection Molding of Thin-Walled Porous Plastic Parts
	1 Introduction
	2 Injection Molding of Thin-Walled Porous Plastic Parts
	3 Automatic Loading and Unloading of Industrial Robot
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimize of Power Supply Driving Circuit for Agricultural Blade Welding Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Optimize and Simulation of Driving Board
		3.1 Drive Board Devices and Parameters
		3.2 Driving Board Circuit Principle
		3.3 Circuit Simulation Analysis
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
The Analysis of the Assessment of Head Protection Test of C-NCAP Version 21
	1 Introduction
	2 Requirements on Appearance and Size
	3 Requirements for Deployment Form
	4 Dynamic Protection Requirements
	5 Evaluation Method of Head Chest Integrated Air Curtain (Relationship with Far Side Airbag Evaluation in Euro NCAP)
	6 Requirements for Air Curtain Pressure Maintaining
	7 Summary
	References
Hospital Interior Public Space Environment Design System Based on 3D Virtual Spatial Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Space Design
		2.1 Space Design Analysis of Behavioral Habits and Behavioral Types
		2.2 According to 3D Virtual Spatial Algorithm
		2.3 Functional Module Research
	3 The Design of Hospital Indoor PS Environment
		3.1 Experimental Background
		3.2 Experimental Method
	4 Hospital Indoor PS Environment Performance Test
		4.1 Hospital Indoor PSES Five Design Modules Running Data Test Table
		4.2 Data Analysis of Applicability Tests in Hospital Indoor PSES
	5 Conclusions
	References
Information Construction Management System for Deep Foundation Pit Engineering Based on BIM Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on the Design of Information Construction Management System of Deep Foundation Pit Project Based on BIM Technology
		2.1 The Application Idea of BIM Technology in Deep Foundation Pit Engineering Monitoring
	3 Investigation and Research on the Design of Information Construction Management System of Deep Foundation Pit Project Based on BIM Technology
		3.1 System Environment
		3.2 Database Construction
		3.3 Project Overview
		3.4 Monitoring Data Algorithm Based on BIM System
	4 Analysis and Research on the Design of Informationized Construction Management System for Deep Foundation Pit Engineering Based on BIM Technology
		4.1 Overall Functional Design
		4.2 Evaluation of Foundation Pit Monitoring Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Construction of Landscape Simulation Design System for Characteristic Towns Based on Improved Fish Swarm Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction of Landscape Simulation Design System for Characteristic Towns Based on Improved Fish Swarm Algorithm
		2.1 Development Characteristics of Characteristic Towns
		2.2 Characteristics and Classification of Virtual Reality Technology
		2.3 Advantages of Virtual Reality Technology in Landscape Design
		2.4 Realization Mode of Landscape Simulation System
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Road Generation Module
		3.2 Block Generation Module
		3.3 Building Generation Module
		3.4 Algorithm Implementation
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Design Issues
		4.2 System Test Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
From 5 to 6G—A Summary Review and Prospect of Contemporary Mobile Communication Technology
	1 Foreword
	2 General Description of 5G Technology
	3 5G Spectrum Planning
	4 Establishment Process of 5G Entering International Technical Standards
	5 Key 5G Technologies
		5.1 Massive Antenna Technology (MIMO)
		5.2 New Multiple Access Technology
		5.3 Ultra-Dense Networking (UDN)
		5.4 Channel Coding Technology
		5.5 SDN/NFV Technology
		5.6 Direct Terminal Connection (D2D)
		5.7 New Network Architectures
	6 5G Application Scenarios
	7 The Key Technology, Application and Development Prospect of 6G
		7.1 Terahertz Technology
		7.2 Spatial Reuse Technology
		7.3 Application of 6G Mobile Communication Technology
		7.4 Development Prospects of 6G
	8 Conclusion
	References
Management System of Electric Firefighting Equipment Based on GeoMap
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Research of Power Fire Equipment Management System Based on GeoMap
		2.1 System Design Principles and Overall Demand Reason Analysis
		2.2 Overall Architecture Design
		2.3 Material Scheduling Cloud and Query Cloud
		2.4 Design Calculation
	3 Experimental Research on the Management System of Electric Firefighting Equipment Based on GeoMap
		3.1 System Business Requirements
		3.2 Functional Requirements
	4 Experiment Analysis of Power Fire Equipment Management System Based on GeoMap
		4.1 Analysis of Test Results
		4.2 Economic Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Mobile Peak Shaving Equipment Based on Rural Network Lines
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Technologies of Mobile Peak Regulation Based on Rural Network Lines
		2.1 Reactive Power Compensation
		2.2 Recommendations for Governance Measures
		2.3 Mobile Peak Shaving Equipment
		2.4 Monitoring Cloud Platform
	3 Project Investigation and Application of Mobile Peak Shaving Equipment
		3.1 Project Background
		3.2 Problem Description
		3.3 Solutions
	4 Research on Before and After Operation of Mobile Peak Shaving Equipment Based on Rural Network Lines
		4.1 Analysis of the Situation Before the Operation of the Mobile Peak Shaving Equipment
		4.2 The Effect of Governance After Operation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Collaborative Planning of Power Lines and Storage Configuration Considering Comprehensive Wind-Solar Power Consumption Capacity
	1 Introduction
	2 Collaborative Planning of Power Lines and Storage Configuration
		2.1 Collaborative Planning Solution
		2.2 Collaborative Planning Model
	3 Collaborative Planning of Power Lines and Storage Configuration
		3.1 Objective Function
		3.2 Restrictions
		3.3 Solving Algorithm
	4 Test Results and Discussion
		4.1 Comparison of Traditional Transmission Grid Planning with Only Wind Power or Photovoltaics and Joint Transmission and Storage Planning
		4.2 Comparison of Traditional Transmission Grid Planning with Wind-Solar Ratio and Joint Transmission-Storage Planning
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimization Model of Steel Cutting Based on Filling Algorithm
	1 Layout Algorithm
		1.1 Cutting Method
		1.2 Remaining Materials
	2 Mathematical Programming Model
		2.1 Determination of Objective Function
		2.2 Determination of Constraint Conditions
	3 Algorithm Flow
	4 Presentation of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
UAV Cooperative Inspection Route Planning Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
	1 Introductions
	2 Research on Trajectory Planning of Drone Cooperative Inspection
		2.1 Problems in UAV Coordinated Inspection Trajectory Planning
		2.2 Application of Ant Colony Algorithm in UAV Coordinated Inspection Trajectory Planning
		2.3 Ant Colony Algorithm
	3 UAV Coordinated Inspection Trajectory Planning Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
		3.1 Environmental Modeling
		3.2 Develop a Coordinate Collection Plan
		3.3 Constraints
		3.4 Path Planning Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
	4 Simulation Experiment of UAV Cooperative Inspection Track Planning Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
		4.1 Minimum Track Detection
		4.2 Convergence Detection of the Algorithm
	5 Conclusions
	References
GIS-Based Urban–Rural Planning Connection and Power Grid Planning Auxiliary Planning System
	1 Introduction
	2 GIS-Based Urban–Rural Planning Connection and Power Grid Planning Auxiliary Planning System
		2.1 Application of GIS Technology in Urban and Rural Planning and Power Grid Planning
		2.2 Comprehensive Design of the System
	3 Contents of Power Grid Planning
	4 System Programming and Grid Planning
		4.1 System Operating Environment
		4.2 System Design Principles and Key Technologies
		4.3 Implementation Process of GIS-Based Auxiliary Urban Power Grid Planning System
	5 Analysis of System Results
		5.1 The Results of Annual Load Forecasts in the Plan Divisions
	6 Concession
	References
Walking Stability of Biped Robot Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Biped Robot Walking Stability Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		2.1 Judgment Factors of Biped Robot Walking Stability
		2.2 Optimization of Walking Stability of Biped Robot Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		2.3 ZMP Calculation of Biped Robot Stability Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
	3 Experimental Research on Walking Stability of Biped Robot Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		3.1 Biped Robot Virtual Prototype Simulation
		3.2 Computer Simulation Experiment Process of Biped Robot
	4 Data Analysis of Walking Stability of Biped Robot Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		4.1 Maximum Offset of ZMP Point Offset Ankle Joint Projection Point
		4.2 Pitch Angle Error of the Torso of the Biped Robot
	5 Conclusion
	References
Transmission and Transformation Engineering Management System Based on Distributed Load Balancing
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on Management Design of Transmission and Transformation Engineering Under Distributed Load Balancing
		2.1 Development Trend of Power Transmission and Transformation Project Management
		2.2 Research Significance
		2.3 Load Evaluation
	3 Experimental Research on Transmission and Transformation Engineering Management Under Distributed Load Balancing
		3.1 Selection of Load Evaluation Indicators
		3.2 System Architecture Design
	4 Experiment Analysis of Transmission and Transformation Engineering Management Under Distributed Load Balancing
		4.1 Load Status Hierarchical Standard
		4.2 Algorithm Response Time Comparison
	5 Conclusions
	References
Computer Image Intelligent Recognition System Based on Visual Communication Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 VC Technology and Intelligent Recognition of Computer Images
		2.1 VC Technology
		2.2 Intelligent Recognition of Computer Images
		2.3 Application of Image Denoising Method in Image Intelligent Recognition
	3 Design of Computer Image Intelligent Recognition System Based on VC Technology
		3.1 Image Recognition System Design
		3.2 Image Recognition Process
		3.3 Design of Image Acquisition System
		3.4 Image Acquisition System Implementation
	4 Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 Experimental Environment
		4.2 Experimental Process
		4.3 The Test Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Analysis of Shape Memory Alloy Pipe Joint in Aerospace Hydraulic System
	1 Einleitung
	2 The Material Constitutive Model Used in This Paper
		2.1 Shape Memory Evolution Equation
		2.2 Mechanical Constitutive Model
	3 The Constitutive Model is Verified by Numerical Simulation Experiment
		3.1 Numerical Simulation Method
		3.2 Numerical Simulation Verification
		3.3 Instance Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Low Temperature Dual Pressure Waste Heat Power Generation (WHPG) System
	1 Introduction
	2 Performance Analysis and Optimization Design Research of Low Temperature Dual Pressure WHPG System
		2.1 The Principle of WH Utilization
		2.2 Problems Found During Operation
		2.3 Technical and Economic Evaluation Method of WHPG System Scheme
		2.4 Calculation of WH Resources
	3 Experimental Study on Performance Analysis and Optimization of Low Temperature Dual Pressure WHPG System
		3.1 System Flow Establishment
		3.2 AHP Method
		3.3 Comparison of Sintering WHPG Process
	4 Performance Analysis and Optimization Experimental Analysis of Low Temperature Dual Pressure WHPG System
		4.1 Irreversible Analysis of System Components Under Design Conditions
		4.2 Optimal Power Generation Cost LEC
	5 Conclusions
	References
Vehicle Automatic Driving Path Based on AdaBoost Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on the Design of Vehicle Automatic Driving Path Based on AdaBoost Algorithm
		2.1 Vehicle Recognition and Lane Line Perception Problems
		2.2 Training Sample Collection Requirements
		2.3 AdaBoost Algorithm Steps
		2.4 Algorithm Classification Flow Chart
	3 Experimental Research on Vehicle Autonomous Driving Path Based on AdaBoost Algorithm
		3.1 Vehicle Identification
		3.2 Qualitative Analysis
	4 Experimental Analysis of Vehicle Autonomous Driving Path Based on AdaBoost Algorithm
		4.1 System Performance Detection in Different Light Scenarios
		4.2 Vehicle Target Verification
		4.3 Vehicle Target Result Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Construction of TBM Operation Parameter Optimization Decision Model Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Discussion on TBM Operation Parameter Optimization Decision Model Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
		2.1 TBM
		2.2 TBM Operation Parameter Optimization Decision Principle
		2.3 The Advantages of the TBM Operating System
		2.4 Learning Algorithm in TBM Operating System
	3 Experimental Process of Constructing TBM Operation Parameter Optimization Decision Model Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
		3.1 TBM Operation Parameter Optimization Decision Model
		3.2 Test and Experiment Steps of Decision Model
	4 Experimental Analysis of TBM Operation Parameter Optimization Decision Model Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
		4.1 Performance Test of Decision Model Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission in World Based on LMDI and Ridge Regression
	1 Introduction
	2 Data
	3 LMDI Decomposition Analysis
		3.1 LMDI Method
		3.2 LMDI Decomposition Analysis
	4 Ridge Regression Analysis
		4.1 Ridge Regression Model
		4.2 Empirical Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Relay Protection Stability of Intelligent Substation
	1 Introduction
	2 IS RP
		2.1 Principle of IS
		2.2 Design Principles of RP
		2.3 Basic Requirements and Scheme for RP Configuration of IS
	3 Stability Judgment Basis of RP
	4 Implementation of Visual Intelligent Gesture Recognition System
	5 Conclusions
	References
Weak Signal Data Collector Based on Time-Domain Aero-Electromagnetic Method
	1 Introduction
	2 System Composition
		2.1 Principle
		2.2 Characteristics
		2.3 Floating-Point Amplification Technology
	3 Design Scheme of Acquisition System
	4 System Hardware Design
		4.1 DSP Subsampling Hardware Circuit
		4.2 CPLD Floating Amplifier Circuit
	5 Software Design
	6 Test Results
	7 Statistical Result
	References
Design of Anti-islanding Intelligent Monitoring System for Photovoltaic Microgrid Based on IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Island Monitoring Principle of Photovoltaic Microgrid
	3 Overall Scheme of Intelligent Monitoring of IoT
	4 Realization of IoT Communication of Control System
		4.1 Site Monitoring Subsystem
		4.2 Database Subsystem
		4.3 Remote Monitoring Subsystem
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mobile IoT Region Segmentation Algorithm Based on Multi-layer Sensing with Edge Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Network Multi-layered Sensing Model Design
	3 Area Segmentation Algorithm Based on Multi-layer Sensing with Edge Computing
		3.1 Region Segmentation Algorithm Based on Chance Collision Information Extraction Mechanism
		3.2 Routing Stabilization Algorithm Based on Energy-Routing Bi-Factor Adjudication
	4 Simulation Experiment and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Key Point Detection of Power Tower Based on Improved Yolov5
	1 Introduction
	2 Key Point Analysis
	3 Yolov5 Algorithm
		3.1 Yolov5 Network Architecture
		3.2 Improved Yolov5 Target Detection Algorithm
		3.3 Construction of Network
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Regional Logistics Efficiency Based on SE-DEA Model and FCM Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methods and Data Sources
		2.1 SE-DEA Model
		2.2 Malmquist Exponential Model
		2.3 Construction of Evaluation Index System
	3 Analysis of Logistics Efficiency Measurement in Xi’an
		3.1 The Timing Evolution Characteristics of Logistics Efficiency in Xi'an
		3.2 Differences in Logistics Efficiency Between Districts and Counties in Xi'an
		3.3 Dynamic Analysis of Logistics Efficiency in Various Districts of Xi'an
	4 FCM Algorithm Input–Output Analysis
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Logistics Picking Path Optimization Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Discussion on Logistics Picking Path Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
		2.1 Basic Principle of Ant Colony Algorithm
		2.2 Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
		2.3 Logistics Picking Problem
		2.4 Solutions to Picking Path Problem
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Calculation Steps of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
		3.2 Implementation Steps of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Robustness Analysis of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
	5 Conclusion
	References
Vehicle Automatic Braking System Based on Multi-target Acquisition Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Research
		2.1 Overall Architecture of AEB System
		2.2 Improvement Design of Control Strategy of AEB System
	3 Experimental Study
		3.1 Determination of the Intervention Method of the AEB System
		3.2 AEB System Target Classification
		3.3 The Selection Principle of the Most Dangerous Target Vehicle
	4 Experiment Analysis
		4.1 Determination of Braking Intensity
		4.2 Partial Braking
		4.3 Full Braking
	5 Conclusions
	References
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Electronic Engineering Equipment System Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Electronic Engineering Equipment System Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		2.1 Data Preprocessing
		2.2 Application of Machine Learning in Intelligent Diagnosis of Electronic Engineering Equipment System
		2.3 Fault System Architecture Design
		2.4 The Basic Algorithm
		2.5 Parameter Optimization
		2.6 Insulator Detection Based on Multiscale Convolutional Neural Networks
	3 Research and Design Experiment of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Electronic Engineering Equipment System Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		3.1 Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Model
		3.2 Actual Operation Test of the System
		3.3 Experimental Data
	4 Experimental Research and Analysis of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Electronic Engineering Equipment System Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
		4.1 Comparison Tests of Different Classification Models
		4.2 Simog Diagnosis Time Comparison
	5 Conclusions
	References
Content-Based Visual Information Retrieval Technique Using Adaptive Deep Learning Algorithms: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Work
	3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
The Development Trend of Intelligent Logistics Based on Machine Vision
	1 Introduction
	2 The Application Ability of Artificial Intelligence Technology
		2.1 Perception
		2.2 Cognitive Ability
		2.3 Creativity
		2.4 Intelligent
	3 The Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Logistics
		3.1 Supplier Management
		3.2 Warehouse Management
		3.3 Transportation Management
		3.4 Distribution Management
	4 AI+ Logistics Era New Trend
		4.1 AI Is Evolving from “Perceptual Intelligence” to “Cognitive Intelligence”
		4.2 AI Algorithms Change Products from “Good” to “Better”
		4.3 AI Algorithm Is Integrated into the System to Redefine Software and Hardware
		4.4 AI Logistics Has Three Levels of Value: Single Intelligence, Group Intelligence, and Business Intelligence
		4.5 The New Era of AI+ Logistics Has Arrived
		4.6 AI Creates a Digital Workforce for the World
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimization Algorithm of Building Drainage Pipe System Based on Isotope Tracking Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on Optimization Algorithm of Building Drainage Pipe System Based on Isotope Tracking Method
		2.1 Problems with the Construction of Drainage Pipes
		2.2 Isotope Tracking Method
		2.3 Optimization Design of Drainage Pipes
	3 Investigation and Research on Optimization Algorithm of Building Drainage Pipe System Based on Isotope Tracking Method
		3.1 Overview of M City
		3.2 Analysis and Determination
		3.3 Determination of Hydraulic Calculation Parameters of Rainwater Pipelines
	4 Analysis and Research on Optimization Algorithm of Building Drainage Pipe System Based on Isotope Tracking Method
		4.1 Strontium Isotopes of Groundwater in M City and Surrounding Areas
		4.2 Optimization Design Results of Drainage Piping System
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Injection Moulding Process Parameters Using Hybridization Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Injection Moulding Machine and Material Selection for Study
		2.1 Injection Moulding Machine Specification
		2.2 Material Selection
		2.3 Selection of Process Parameters
		2.4 Study of the Response
	3 Experimental Studies
		3.1 Experimental Design
		3.2 Experimental Design
		3.3 Data Analysis Based on Experiments
		3.4 Utility Concept
		3.5 Gravimetry Using Entropy Measurement Method Analysis
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Confirmation Test
	6 Conclusion
	References
Structure and Electric Properties of Ba (Ti, Zr)O3 Thin Films Using Sol–gel Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Smart Agriculture Monitoring System to Prevent Water Wastage
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Block Diagram
	2 Literature Review
	3 Functional Analyses
		3.1 Existing System
		3.2 Proposed System
	4 Working
	5 Result and Analysis
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Monolithic Integration of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Modules by all Nanosecond Laser Scribing
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Verification
		3.1 P1 Scribing
		3.2 P2 Scribing
		3.3 P3 Scribing
	4 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Optimization in Nd:YAG Laser Micro-drilling of Carbon Black/Epoxy Composite Utilizing GRA and Response Surface Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods, Material, and Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Workpiece Material
		2.2 Laser Beam Machining Unit
		2.3 Design of Experiment
		2.4 GRA Method
	3 Analysis of Experimental Results
		3.1 Multiple Response Optimization Using RSM
		3.2 Confirmatory Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Static Structural Analysis of Below Knee Prosthesis Using Fea
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Verification
		3.1 Directional Deformation
		3.2 Total Deformation
		3.3 Equivalent Stresses (Von mises stresses)
		3.4 Equivalent Elastic Strain
	4 Conclusions
	References
Toward Machinability Improvement of AISI 4340 Using CVD Multilayer TiN-Coated Carbide Insert Through MQL: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Surface Characteristics Assessment
		3.2 Flank Wear and Chip Morphology Assessment
		3.3 Cutting Tool Life Assessment in Two Different Machining Conditions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Explorations on Mechanical Performance of Waste Marble Dust Powder and Banana Fibre Strengthened Hybrid Bio-composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Density
		3.2 Mechanical Properties
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of ZrO2 Nanofluid Concentrations in Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study on Thermal and Electrical Conduction Properties of Nano Zinc Particle-Reinforced Polyester-Graded Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrical Measurements
	3 Conclusions
	References
An Experimental Investigation on Overlapped Multipass Laser Transformation Hardening of Ti–6Al–4V Titanium Alloy Using Nd:YAG Laser
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology
		2.1 Principle of Laser Transformation Hardening (LTH)
		2.2 Specimen Preparation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microhardness Analysis
		3.2 Microhardness Analysis for LLPP, Lp = 600 W, Ss = 2000 mm/min, Fp = -10 mm with Higher Hi = 180 J/cm
		3.3 Microhardness Analysis for HLPP, Lp = 800 W, Ss = 3000 mm/min, Fp = -10 mm with Higher Hi = 160 J/cm
	4 Conclusions
	References
Clean and Green Electricity Generation by Zirconia-Based Hydroelectric Cell Device Without Greenhouse Gas Emission
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Composition Determination by EDX
		3.2 Phase Determination by X-Ray Diffraction
		3.3 Surface Morphology and Pore Distribution by SEM
		3.4 Working Mechanism of Zr-Based Hydroelectric Cell
		3.5 Voltage-Current (V–I) Characteristic of MgxZr1−xO2 Based HEC
		3.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis (Nyquist Plot)
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Short Review on Tribological Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Containing Different Fibres and Nanoparticles
	1 Introduction
	2 Tribological Characteristics of Different Epoxy Composites
		2.1 Effect of Carbon Fibres
		2.2 Effect of Other Fibres
		2.3 Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles
		2.4 Effect of Other Particles
		2.5 Effect of Fibre and Nanoparticles Combination on Wear Behaviour of Epoxy Composites
	3 Conclusions
	References