Recent Advancements In Waste Water Management: Implications and Biological Solutions (Volume 9) (Advances in Chemical Pollution, Environmental Management and Protection, Volume 9)

Front Cover
Recent Advancements in Wastewater Management: Implications and Biological Solutions
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Series editor´s preface
Volume editor´s preface
Chapter One: Antibiotics and hormone residues in wastewater: Occurrence, risks, and its biological, physical and chemical ...
	1. Introduction
	2. Occurrence and risks
		2.1. Antibiotics
		2.2. Hormones
	3. Treatment of hormones and antibiotics
		3.1. Biological
		3.2. Physical and chemical treatments
	4. Future prospects
	References
Chapter Two: Occurrence of pesticides in wastewater: Bioremediation approach for environmental safety and its toxicity
	1. Introduction
	2. Classification of pesticides
	3. Occurrence of pesticides
	4. Toxicity
	5. Bioremediation of pesticides
		5.1. Physicochemical degradation
		5.2. Biodegradation
	6. Final considerations
	References
Chapter Three: Removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water
	1. Introduction
		1.1. Toxicological effects of pharmaceutical compounds present in water
			1.1.1. Effects on humans and agriculture
			1.1.2. Effects on aquatic life
		1.2. Occurrence of pharmaceutical drugs in surface water
		1.3. Occurrence of pharmaceutical drugs in down reservoirs
	2. Methods for removal of pharmaceutical compounds
		2.1. Removal of pharmaceutical compounds using enzymes
			2.1.1. The use of crude enzymes for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds (PC)
			2.1.2. Immobilized enzyme for removal of PC
		2.2. Enzymatic membrane reactors (EMRs)
		2.3. Treatment through fungi
			2.3.1. Factors affecting pharmaceutical drug removal performance of fungi
		2.4. Adsorption on non-conventional material
		2.5. Hybrid technologies for removal of PC
		2.6. Treatment of pharmaceutical compounds through microalgae
		2.7. Treatment of PC by using organic biomass
			2.7.1. Activated sludge process (ASP)
			2.7.2. Biofilm reactors and biotic trickling filters
			2.7.3. Two phased partitioning bioreactors
		2.8. Bio ozone-bio process for treatment of PC
		2.9. Pros and cons of different methodologies used for PACs removal
	3. Future prospective
	4. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Four: Biological methods for the removal of microplastics from water
	1. Introduction
	2. Types of microplastics
	3. Sources of microplastics in water
	4. Biological solutions for the removal of microplastics from water
		4.1. By algae
		4.2. By fungi
		4.3. By bacteria
		4.4. By enzymes
		4.5. By using biopolymers
		4.6. By marine organisms
	5. Microplastic ingestion
	6. Control measures for microplastic pollution
	7. Microplastic pollution and COVID-19
	8. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Five: Impact of wastewater irrigation on soil attributes
	1. Introduction
	2. Sources of wastewater
		2.1. Domestic sources
		2.2. Industrial sources
			2.2.1. Fertilizer industry
			2.2.2. Pharmaceutical industry
			2.2.3. Animal slaughterhouses
			2.2.4. Textile industry
			2.2.5. Petrochemical industries
			2.2.6. Mining industries
			2.2.7. Paper and pulp industry
			2.2.8. Leather industry
			2.2.9. Sugar industry
	3. Impact of wastewater irrigation on soil characteristics
		3.1. Effect on physico-chemical characteristics
		3.2. Effect on biological characteristics
	4. Conclusion and recommendations
	References
Chapter Six: Microalgae and advanced oxidative processes as treatment approaches for agro-industrial effluents
	1. Introduction
	2. Factors that influence the quality of agro-industrial wastewater
	3. Microalgae in the treatment of agro-industrial wastewater
	4. Advanced oxidative processes
	5. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Seven: Contamination of soil and food chain through wastewater application
	1. Introduction
	2. The current scenario of wastewater irrigation
	3. Wastewater irrigation in agriculture: A worldwide health challenge
	4. The effect of wastewater irrigation on the properties of soil
		4.1. Effect of wastewater irrigation on soil microbiome
		4.2. The effect of wastewater irrigation on the concentration of toxic elements in the soil
		4.3. The effect of wastewater on the concentration of pesticides
		4.4. The pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the waste water
	5. Impacts of wastewater irrigation on crops
		5.1. Persistence of harmful pathogenic microbes in the plant and soil
		5.2. Microbial contamination
		5.3. Spread of antibiotic resistance
	6. The effect of wastewater irrigation on food chain contamination and human health
	7. Measures to reduce risks
	8. Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter Eight: Advanced biomaterials for the removal of pesticides from water
	1. Introduction
	2. Advanced biomaterials
	3. Synthesis of biomaterials for pesticide removal
	4. How are biomaterials efficient for water treatment?
	5. Removal of pesticides from water
		5.1. Role of plant biomaterials in pesticides management
		5.2. Effectiveness of bird biomaterial waste in pesticide control in water
		5.3. Fungi biomaterials for the remediation of pesticides in water
	6. Future perspective
	7. Conclusions
	References
Chapter Nine: Microalgae mediated wastewater treatment and its production for biofuels and bioproducts
	1. Introduction
	2. Microalgae
	3. Microalgae uses in phycoremediation technology
	4. Advantages of phycoremediation
	5. Cultivation methods of microalgae
		5.1. Hybrid system
		5.2. Open cultivation method
		5.3. Closed cultivation method
	6. Harvesting method
		6.1. Biological method of harvesting
		6.2. Mechanical harvesting
		6.3. Magnetic and electrical harvesting methods
		6.4. Chemical methods of harvesting
	7. Economic challenges
	8. Utilization of wastewater generated microalgal biomass for biofuel production
	9. Market trend of microalgae-based wastewater treatment
	10. Socio-economic and environmental aspects associated with integrated algae refinery
	11. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Ten: Beneficial and negative impacts of wastewater for sustainable agricultural irrigation: Current knowledge and ...
	1. Introduction
	2. Availability and use of wastewater
	3. Positive effect of waste water irrigation on physicochemical properties of soil
		3.1. Fertization value of waste water
		3.2. Soil organic carbon (SOC)
		3.3. Soil macronutrients
		3.4. Electrical conductivity (EC)
		3.5. Exchangeable cations
		3.6. Calcium carbonate
		3.7. Soil pH
	4. Negative effect of long-term sewage irrigation
		4.1. Effect of waste water irrigation on total heavy-metal content of soil
		4.2. Environmental hazards related to wastewater
	5. Effect of waste water irrigation on quality and yield
		5.1. Heavy-metal content in plants
		5.2. Crop yield
	6. Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter Eleven: Immobilized enzyme systems for wastewater treatment
	1. Introduction
	2. Enzyme immobilization for sewage treatment
	3. Different methods to immobilize enzymes
		3.1. Encapsulation method
		3.2. Adsorption method
		3.3. Entrapment
		3.4. Covalent immobilization
		3.5. Cross linking method
	4. Applications of immobilized enzymes in wastewater treatment
		4.1. Food industry wastewater treatment
		4.2. Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
		4.3. Biodegradation of phenol and its derivatives
		4.4. Industrial wastewater treatment
	5. Future prospective
	6. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Twelve: Microbial remediation of emerging pollutants from wastewater
	1. Introduction
	2. Microbial remediation
	3. Techniques of microbial remediation
		3.1. Bioaugmentation
		3.2. Bioventing
		3.3. Biostimulation
		3.4. Bioreactors
		3.5. Biosorption
	4. Factors affecting microbial remediation
	5. Types of microbial remediation
		5.1. Bacterial bioremediation
	6. Genetically engineered bacteria (GEB)
		6.1. Fungal bioremediation
		6.2. Algal bioremediation
	7. Microbial fuel cell
	8. Role of microorganisms in the removal of some other emerging pollutants
	9. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Thirteen: Utilization of constructed wetlands for dye removal: A concise review
	1. Introduction
	2. Dye
	3. Phytoremediation of dye-containing wastewater
	4. The importance of using CW to treat wastewater containing dye and its advantages over other treatment
	5. Removal processes of dye in CW systems
	6. Conclusion and future research needs
	References
	Further reading
Chapter Fourteen: Pathogenic microbes in wastewater: Identification and characterization
	1. Introduction
	2. Traditional approaches for pathogenic microbial detection in wastewater
		2.1. Colony counting and culturing method
		2.2. Biosensors
			2.2.1. Optical biosensors
			2.2.2. Electrochemical biosensors
	3. Different molecular methods of wastewater pathogen detection
		3.1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
			3.1.1. Multiplex PCR (mPCR)
			3.1.2. Real-time PCR (rtPCR)
		3.2. DNA microarrays
		3.3. Lab-on-chip technology
		3.4. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH)
		3.5. Dot-blot hybridization
		3.6. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
	4. Challenges
	5. Future perspectives
	6. Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter Fifteen: Tidal coastal wetlands for wastewater management
	1. Background
	2. Wetland definitions
	3. Tidal coastal wetlands
		3.1. Coastal wetlands
			3.1.1. Marshes
			3.1.2. Swamps
			3.1.3. Bogs
			3.1.4. Estuaries
			3.1.5. Fen
			3.1.6. Coral reefs
	4. Significance of coastal wetlands ecosystem services
		4.1. Carbon sequestration
		4.2. Coastal protection and flood/erosion control
		4.3. Wildlife habitat and food
	5. Coastal wetlands wastewater management study
		5.1. Preamble
		5.2. Wastewater treatment and management by coastal wetland
		5.3. Case and modelling studies
		5.4. Benefits of coastal wetland wastewater treatment system
	6. Conclusion
	References
Chapter Sixteen: Mechanistic approaches and factors regulating microalgae mediated heavy metal remediation from the aquat ...
	1. Introduction
	2. Role of microalgae in heavy metal removal
	3. Factors affecting remediation of heavy metals
		3.1. Biotic factors
			3.1.1. Species
			3.1.2. Biomass Concentration
			3.1.3. Tolerance capacity
	4. Abiotic factors influencing metal removal
		4.1. Temperature
		4.2. pH
		4.3. Salinity and hardness
		4.4. Metal speciation
	5. Recycling of microalgal biomass
	6. Algal biomass conversion to produce biofuel
	7. Challenges and prospects in heavy metal bioremediation
	8. Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter Seventeen: Metal organic frameworks-carbon based nanocomposites for environmental sensing and catalytic applications
	1. Introduction
	2. Synthesis procedures
		2.1. In situ synthesis
		2.2. Ex situ synthesis
		2.3. Other methods
	3. Applications
		3.1. Sensor
			3.1.1. MOF/carbon material composites
			3.1.2. CNTs/MOFs
			3.1.3. GO/MOFs
		3.2. Supercapacitors and batteries
		3.3. Absorbents
		3.4. Catalysts
	4. Outlook and conclusions
	References
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