Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRAME 2021 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Influence of Non-uniform Heating Profiles on Free Convection Entropy Generation Inside an Enclosure Filled with Nanofluid
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definition
	3 Mathematical Formulation
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Grid Independence Study
		4.2 Comparison of Results
		4.3 Influence of Non-uniform Heating on Heat and Fluid Flow
		4.4 Impact of Non-uniform Heating Profiles on Irreversibility
	5 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Properties, Microstructural and Surface Topography Evaluation of AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by DMLS Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Details of Experiment
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Manufacturing Strategy
		2.3 Fabrication of Specimen
		2.4 Examination Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Density Analysis
		3.2 Microstructural Evaluation
		3.3 Surface Topography
		3.4 Tensile Strength Analysis
		3.5 Microhardness Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Low-Cost Flexible All Plastic Solar Air Heater
	1 Introduction
	2 The Developed Plastic Solar Air Heater
	3 Experimental Set-Up
	4 Performance Analysis
	5 Experimental Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Microbial Fuel Cell—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Microbial Fuel Cell
		2.1 Single-Chambered MFC
		2.2 Double-Chambered MFC
		2.3 Mediated MFC
		2.4 Mediator-Less MFC
	3 Substrates Used in MFC
	4 Electrodes
		4.1 Anode Electrode
		4.2 Cathode Electrode
	5 Proton Exchange System
		5.1 PEM in Dual-Chamber MFC
		5.2 Salt Bridge
		5.3 Separators in Single-Chamber MFC
	6 Operational Conditions of Microbial Fuel Cell
	7 Discussions
	8 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Optimization of MRR and KW of SS 304 in Wire EDM by RSM Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
	3 RSM Analysis
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Modeling of MRR
		4.2 Modeling of KW
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Study on Effects of Geometrical and Operating Parameters of Bolt on Performance of Bolted Joint
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Finite Element Analysis
		3.1 Step by Step Procedure to Carryout FEA
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Electrode Length and AC Frequency on Mixing in a Diamond-Shaped Split-And-Recombine Electroosmotic Micromixer
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model
		2.1 Microfluidic Problem Model and Formulation
		2.2 Governing Equations and Scheme
		2.3 Grid Independence Study and Model Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Optimization of Tribological Process Parameters and Their Comparative Effect on Wear Responses of TiCrN Coated Cold Work Tool Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Sample Preparation
		2.2 Experimental Plan
		2.3 Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)
		2.4 ANOVA and Confirmation Experiment
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Tribological Parameter on the Responses
		3.2 Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)
		3.3 Anova
		3.4 Confirmation Experiment
		3.5 Regression Model
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Surface Modification on the Nanomechanical and Wear Properties of AISI D3 Cold Work Tool Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Sample Preparation and Its Characterization
		2.2 Analysis of Nanomechanical Properties
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of Microstructure
		3.2 Analysis of Nanomechanical Properties
		3.3 Analysis of Wear Properties
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Split Circular and Drop-Form Fin Geometry for Enhanced Heat Transfer Rate
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometry and Formulations
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 TÓ Variation in Circular and Drop-Form Split
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effects of Thermal Aspect Ratio on MHD Thermal Convection of Cu–Water Nanofluid Saturated Porous Cavity
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Aspects and Simulation Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Influence of Modified-Rayleigh Number (Ram)
		3.2 Effect of Thermal Aspect Ratio (a)
		3.3 Impact of Permeability (Da)
		3.4 Influence of the Strength of Magnetic Field (Ha)
		3.5 Effect of Nanoparticles Volume Concentration (χ)
		3.6 Assessment of Heat Transfer Rate
	4 Conclusions
	References
Review the Study of Employability Concept in Technical Institutes
	1 Introduction
	2 Purpose of the Study
	3 Employability: Definitions and Concepts
	4 Campus Placement Activity in Technical Institutes
		4.1 College Perception Regarding Campus Placement Activity
		4.2 Industry Perception Regarding Campus Placement Activity
		4.3 Students Perception Regarding Campus Placement Activity
	5 Employability Scenario
		5.1 Country-Wise Employability Scenario
		5.2 State-Wise Employability Scenario
		5.3 Sector-Wise Employability Scenario in Maharashtra
		5.4 Government Initiatives to Enhance Employability
		5.5 Companies Initiatives to Enhance Employability
	6 Conclusions
	References
Stochastic First-Ply Failure Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate: A Moving Least Square Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulation
		2.1 Failure Criteria for Laminated Composite
		2.2 Development of Stochastic Model
		2.3 Moving Least Square (MLS)-Based Surrogate Model
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Electric Field Modulated Drop Formation from Orifices
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Robotic Systems Deployed to Combat COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 COVID-19 Symptoms
	3 Prevention of COVID-19 Spread
	4 Development of Vaccine for COVID-19
	5 Impacts of COVID-19
	6 Role of Robotics in Combating COVID-19
		6.1 Worldwide Use of Ground and Aerial Robotics for COVID-19
		6.2 Robotics for Disinfecting Point of Care and Public Places
		6.3 Robotics to Handle Contaminated Materials or Samples
		6.4 Robotics to Decontaminate PPE
		6.5 Robotics for Foods and Prescription Dispensing
		6.6 Robotics to Deliver Packages and Other Necessities
		6.7 Robotics for Telepresence of Healthcare Workers
		6.8 Robotics to Socialize and Conduct Events Virtually
		6.9 Robotics to Automate Laboratories
		6.10 Robotics to Help Police Officials Monitor the Region and Crowd Dispersal
		6.11 Robotics for Public Information
		6.12 Robotics for the Security of Critical Infrastructures
		6.13 Robotics for Telecommerce Applications
		6.14 An Overview of Robotic Devices Being Implemented Globally to Fight the Pandemic
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design and Numerical Analysis of Hub Less Wheel
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Modelling of Hub Less Wheel
		2.1 Model Components
		2.2 Complete Assembly
		2.3 Working of the Hub Less Wheel
		2.4 Grid Independence Test
		2.5 Meshing and Material Specifications
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Nano Alumina Reinforcements on the Tribological Behavior of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Sample Preparation
		2.2 Bath Preparation and Coating Deposition
		2.3 Hardness Measurement
		2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffractometry
		2.5 Scratch Test
		2.6 Wear Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Micro Structure and Micro Hardness
		3.2 XRD Pattern
		3.3 Scratch Hardness
		3.4 Wear Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Transport Phenomena in a Double Driven Cavity Involving Buoyancy, Magnetic Field and Nanofluid
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Descriptions and Mathematical Modelling
	3 Computational Aspects
		3.1 Validation Study
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Comparison of Flow Characteristics of Air and Water at Ra = 103
		4.2 Influence of Hartmann Number on Flow Characteristics of Air and Water at Ra = 103
		4.3 Effect of ϕ on Thermo-Fluid Flow Structure
		4.4 Heat Transfer Analysis
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Curvature Effect of Heated Sidewall During Heat Transport of Different Prandtl Number Fluids in a Square Enclosure in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Rayleigh Number (Ra)
		3.2 Effect of Hartmann Number (Ha)
		3.3 Heat Transfer Characteristics
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Bottom Wall Curvature on Thermal Convection of Air/Nanofluid in a Differentially Heated Cavity Subjected to a Magnetic Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Rayleigh Number (Ra)
		3.2 Effect of Hartmann Number (Ha)
		3.3 Heat Transfer Characteristics
	4 Conclusion
	References
Climatic Parameter Analysis on Building Materials for Kolkata, Eastern Zone of India
	1 Introduction
	2 Building Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Homogeneous, Composite Cement Plaster and Composite Cement Plaster with Bio-Based Material
		3.2 Effect of Homogeneous and Composite Plaster Walls on Time Lag and DF
	4 Conclusions
	References
Enhanced Damping in a TLD by Slat Screens and Horizontal Baffles: A Comparative Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Slat Screens as FDD in TLD
	3 Horizontal Baffles as FDD in TLD
	4 Comparison Between Slat Screens and Horizontal Baffles
	5 Conclusions
	References
Additive Manufacturing: An Emerging Tool to Fabricate Bioinspired Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes
		2.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
		2.2 Direct Ink Writing (DIW)
		2.3 Inkjet Printing (IP)
		2.4 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
		2.5 Stereolithography (SL)
		2.6 Polyjet Printing (PP) Technology
		2.7 4D Printing
	3 Applications of Additively Manufactured Bioinspired Structures
		3.1 Sports Sector
		3.2 Healthcare Sector
		3.3 Automobile Sector
		3.4 Robotics Sector
	4 Recent Challenges and Future Perspectives
	5 Conclusion
	References
Taguchi Optimization of Mechanical Properties in Al-Kaoline Metal Matrix Composite Fabricated Through Powder Metallurgy Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Taguchi Technique
	3 Fabrication of Composite and Experimental Details
		3.1 Fabrication of Composite
		3.2 Taguchi Based Experimental Design
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Optimization of Process Parameters for Hardness
		4.2 Optimization of Process Parameters for Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) and Compression Strength
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fabrication Based Analysis of Super-Hydrophobic Surface
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Wettability
		1.2 Surface Energy
		1.3 Surface Roughness
	2 Wetting Models
		2.1 Young’s Model
		2.2 Wenzel Model
		2.3 Cassie–Baxter Model
	3 Fabrication Methods
		3.1 Electrodeposition Method
		3.2 Electroless Plating
		3.3 Sol–Gel Method
		3.4 Chemical Etching
	4 Application of Superhydrophobicity
		4.1 Corrosion Resistance
		4.2 Self-Cleaning Surfaces
		4.3 Drag Reduction
		4.4 Anti-Icing Properties
		4.5 Antibacterial Properties
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design, Analysis and Development of Virtual Working Model of Self Balancing Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Design Methodology
	4 Analysis
	5 Experimental
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Relative Thickness on Natural Frequency Analysis of Hybrid Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Formulation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Review: High Amplitude Vibration and Jump Phenomena Attenuation Methods in Different Dynamic Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Jump Phenomena Attenuation Methods
	3 Conclusions
	References
Investigation and Characterization of Coir Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Under Cyclic Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Testing and Characterization
		3.1 Water Absorption Test
		3.2 Density and Void Test
		3.3 Mechanical Test
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Water Absorption Test
		4.2 Void Test
		4.3 Tensile Test
		4.4 Fatigue Testing
	5 Conclusion
	References
Acoustic Analysis of Effect of Louver Window Material in Noise Attenuation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Different Sound-Absorbing Coating Materials
	3 Results
		3.1 Validation
		3.2 Varying Sound-Absorbing Coatings
		3.3 Mean Value Versus Angles
		3.4 Pressure Plots
	4 Conclusion
	References
Dock Detection for an Underwater Autonomous Vehicle Using Deep Learning in a Simulated Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Unity 3D
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Modelling in Unity
	4 Dock Detection
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Performance Evaluation of Evacuated Tube Containing Heat Pipe Solar Collector-Based Solar Dryer
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Solar Dryer
		2.2 Working Methodology
		2.3 Drying Product and Quality Analysis of Product Dried in ETHPSD
		2.4 Drying Procedure
	3 Performance Analysis of Ethpsd
		3.1 Solar Collector and Dryer Performance
		3.2 Drying Kinetics
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Performance of Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Solar Collector at No-Load Condition of the Dryer by Varying Inlet Airflow Rates
		4.2 Performance Analysis of ETHPSD and Drying Characteristics of Allium Cepa
		4.3 Drying Kinetics for Allium Cepa
		4.4 Quality Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Study and Management Aspects of Reserves, Production, Consumption and Life of Oils of the World
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Procedure
	3 Oil Reserves in World
	4 Production of Oil in World
	5 Consumption of Oil in World
	6 Life of Oil Reserves in Future
	7 Conclusions
	References
Prediction of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of Bearing Using Exponential Degradation Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset
	3 Data Denoising and Statistical Feature Extraction
	4 Exponential Degradation Model
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Tool Defect in Ultrasonic Machining Process Through Numerical Modelling
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis
		2.1 Tool Design
		2.2 Tool Length Calculation
		2.3 Modal Analysis
		2.4 Harmonic Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Modal Analysis
		3.2 Harmonic Response Analysis
		3.3 Harmonic Response Curves
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Overview: Natural Fiber Composites as Eco-Friendly Materials, Their Properties, Chemical Treatments, Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Natural Fibers
	3 Chemical Treatment
		3.1 Alkaline Treatment
		3.2 Silane Treatment
		3.3 Acetylation Treatment
		3.4 Peroxide Treatment
		3.5 Benzoylation Treatment
		3.6 Potassium Permanganate Treatment
		3.7 Stearic Acid Treatment
	4 Applications
	5 Environmental Awareness
	6 Conclusions
	References
Additive Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Composite: Material, Methods Challenges and Future Works
	1 Introduction
	2 Additive Manufacturing Process
		2.1 Future Work
		2.2 Future Trends in Additive Manufacturing Process
	3 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Developed Thermal Stress on Ultrasonic Horn Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis
		2.1 Governing Equation
		2.2 Boundary Condition
		2.3 Numerical Analysis
		2.4 Model Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Modal Analysis
		3.2 Thermal Stress Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Corrosion in Thermal Pipes: An Investigation on Problems and Causes
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Carbon Steel Corrosion Mechanisms in Concrete
		1.2 Thermodynamic, Electro-chemical and Kinetic Corrosion
	2 Mechanisms of Corrosion
		2.1 Carbonation
		2.2 Chloride
		2.3 Corrosion Measurement
		2.4 Analysis and Suggestions Interpretation
	3 Boiler Introduction
		3.1 Corrosion Problems in the Condensate Systems
		3.2 Prevention of Corrosion of Condensate
	4 Steam Generators Corrosion Issues
		4.1 O2 Corrosion
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Measurement of Pipe Thickness Reference to Corrosion with Ultrasonic Thk. Gauge (TT100)
		5.2 Pot Life
	6 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Homer: A Case Study of Silchar, India
	1  Introduction
	2 Detail Load Demand of the Site
	3 Description of System Components
		3.1  Solar Photovoltaic
		3.2 Wind Turbine
		3.3 Biogas Generator
		3.4 Pumped Hydro Storage
		3.5 Converter
	4 Criteria Considered for Homer Analysis
		4.1 Loss of Power Supply Probability
		4.2 The Total Net Present Cost
		4.3 Levelized Cost of Energy
	5 Results and Discussions
	6  Conclusion
	References
Impact of Wall Fuel and Air Injections Inside the Parallel Fuel Injection-Based Scramjet Combustor: A Numerical Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Detail of DLR-Scramjet Combustor
	3 Computational Combustor Model and Mesh Generation
	4 Computational Simulation Details
		4.1 Numerical Modelling
		4.2  Supersonic Combustion Modelling
		4.3 Boundary Condition
	5 Assumptions for Present Work
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Validation of the Model
		7.1 Combustion Performance
	8 Conclusions
	References
Quality Tools Implementation Practice to Reduce Forging Defects in Crankshaft Manufacturing Industries: An Overview
	1 Introduction
	2 Forging Processes
		2.1 Hot Forging and Cold Forging
		2.2 Open- and Closed-Die Forging
	3 Manufacturing Process of Forged Crankshaft
	4 Die Materials for Forging of Steel
	5 Forging Defects in Crankshaft Manufacturing Industries
	6 Quality Control Tools and Techniques for Reduce Foremost Defects in Industries
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Tools for Continuous Process Improvement
		6.3 Literature Review
		6.4 Application of 7QC (Quality Control) Tools
	7 Actions Plan Required to Conquer Major Forging Defects
	8 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution for Low Power Laser Clad Coating of Nickel
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modelling
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Gear Profile Polishing Using Rotational Magnetorheological Abrasive Flow Finishing Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation
		2.1 Experimental Setup and Methodology
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Surface Topography and Surface Roughness Analysis of Steel Gear Component
		3.2 FESEM Analysis of Steel Gear Component
		3.3 Material Removal Rate (MRR) of Steel Gear Component
	4 Conclusion
	References
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Search for Optimal Operating Condition in WEDM Operation of A286 Superalloy
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology
	3 Methods
		3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Multi-objective Optimization Exploiting PSO
		4.2 Analysis of Surface Morphology
	5 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Analysis of Machining of Titanium Grade-2 Alloy in EDM Under Tap Water
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 MRR Analysis
		3.2 TWR Analysis
		3.3 SR Analysis
		3.4 ANOVA Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Tool Rotation on Electrochemical Milling of Stainless Steel 316L
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup and Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Influence of Feed Rate on Machining Depth
		3.2 Influence of Milling Layer Depth on Machining Depth
		3.3 Influence of Feed Rate on Surface Roughness
		3.4 Influence of Milling Layer Depth on Surface Roughness
		3.5 Influence of Tool Feed on Overcut
		3.6 Influence of Milling Layer Depth on Overcut
	4 Conclusions
	References
Development of Finite Elemental Analysis Model for Numerical Simulation of TIG Welding of Thin Aluminium Sheet
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Analysis on the Influence of Biofuel Amalgamated Al2O3 Nano Particles on the Performance and Emission Attributes of a C.I. Engine
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Novelty of the Work
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Materials Used
		2.2 Synthesis of the Madhuca Indica Biodiesel
		2.3 Preparation of Al2O3 NanoParticles
		2.4 Preparation of the Madhuca Indica Biodiesel and Al2O3 Nanoparticle Blend
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance Characteristics
		4.2 Emission Characteristics
	5 Conclusion
	References
Bearing Fault Identification of Augmented Grayscaled Textured Images Using K-Nearest Neighbor
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
	3 Preprocessing
		3.1 Image Formation
		3.2 Geometrical Transformation
	4 Feature Extraction
	5 Machine Learning Algorithms
	6 Results and Discussions
	7 Conclusion
	References