Recalls – Flexibility at the Expense or to the Benefit of Employees: Effects of Temporary Layoffs on Employees in the German Labor Market

Abstract
Acknowledgement
Outline
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	Thesis outline
2 Theoretical Frame
3 State of Research on Flexible Employment in Germany
	Flexibilization in the German labor market
	Erosion of the standard employment relation?
	Forms of flexible employment
	Numerical, monetary and functional flexibilization
	Recalls as a form of employment
4 Closure Mechanisms – Explanations of Labor Market Inequality
	Human capital
	Monopoly rents from credentials
	Composite rents for company-specific human capital
	Recalls and returns on human capital
	Human capital losses due to unemployment
	‘Open’ and ‘closed’ positions
	Employment security, promotion and employment rents in ‘closed’ positions
	Rents due to transaction costs and principal agent problem
	Recall-employment in the context of German labor market regulations
	Placement of recall-employment between ‘open’ and ‘closed’ positions
	Summary: Recall-employment between ‘open’ and ‘closed’ positions
5 Inclusion and Exclusion from Social Capital in the Workplace
	Social exchange theory
6 Research Design
	Data bases and challenges
	Register data of the German Institute of Employment Research (IAB)
	Definition of recalls in analyses based on SIAB data
	Sample restrictions
	CRC 882-B4 employee survey
	Definition of recalls in the CRC 882-B4 employee survey
7 Characteristics of Employees and Employment Relations: A Comparison Between Employees Groups
	Descriptive Findings I
	Distribution of recalled jobs and workers
	Workers in recall-employment
	Characteristics of recall-employment relations
	Employment discontinuity of recalled workers
	Summing up bivariate descriptive analyses
	Different types of recall-employment
	Sequence analysis
	Types of sequences of temporary layoffs
	Summary and discussion of types of recall-employment
	Discussion of descriptive analyses
8 Earnings Differences Among Groups of Employees
	Data and method
	Variables
	The Model
	Hybrid model
	Sensitivity tests
	Multivariate findings
	Main effect model
	Interaction model
	Summing up recall interaction effects with variables measuring employment career
	Summing up results of the multivariate earning analyses
	Discussion
9 Differences in Supervisors and Coworkers’ Support Among Groups of Employees
	Data and method
	Social support
	Measurement
	Factor analysis
	Group comparison
	Multivariate findings
	Discussion
10 Summary and Discussion
	Key findings
	Theoretical implications
	Limitations and future research
11 References
12 Appendix