Real Essays with Readings with 2009 MLA Update: Writing Projects for College, Work, and Everyday Life , Third Edition

COVER PAGE......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 2
Title Page......Page 3
Copy Right Page......Page 4
Brief Contents......Page 5
Preface for Instructors......Page 21
Acknowledgments......Page 31
Contents......Page 7
Part One:How to Read and Write inCollege......Page 35
1: Succeeding in College......Page 37
Writing......Page 38
Reading and Thinking......Page 40
Teacher Expectations......Page 41
A Few Other Things......Page 43
Writing Goals......Page 44
Degree Goals......Page 45
Make a Course Calendar......Page 46
Make a General Calendar......Page 47
Find Your Learning Style......Page 48
Use Your Learning Style in College......Page 51
How to Read in College......Page 56
Read Headings, Key Words, and Definitions......Page 57
Main Point......Page 58
Support......Page 60
Review and Respond......Page 61
An Active Reader at Work......Page 62
Table of Contents......Page 63
Marginal Notes......Page 64
At the Beginning of a Chapter......Page 65
Throughout the Chapter......Page 66
End of Chapter......Page 67
Reading Course Syllabi......Page 68
Key College Skills:Summary, Analysis, Synthesis,and Evaluation......Page 70
Summary......Page 71
Synthesis......Page 72
Evaluation......Page 74
Documenting Sources......Page 76
3: Writing Basics Audience, Purpose, and Process......Page 79
Audience......Page 80
Purpose......Page 81
Paragraph Structure......Page 82
Essay Structure......Page 83
Understand the Writing Process......Page 85
How to Analyze a Writing Assignment......Page 87
Grading Criteria......Page 88
Sample Student Essays......Page 90
How to Create a Writing Portfolio......Page 94
Understand What a Good Topic Is......Page 96
Ask Yourself Questions......Page 97
Map Your Ideas......Page 99
List Narrower Topics......Page 100
Use Prewriting Techniques......Page 102
Ask a Reporter’s Questions......Page 103
Cluster / Map......Page 104
Use the Internet......Page 105
Keep a Journal......Page 106
Understand What a Good Thesis Statement Is......Page 108
Write a Thesis That Focuseson a Single Main Point......Page 109
Write a Thesis That Is Neither Too Broad Nor Too Narrow......Page 111
Write a Thesis That You Can Show, Explain, or Prove......Page 112
Write a Thesis That Is Forceful and Confident......Page 113
Write Your Own Thesis Statement......Page 118
Understand What Support for a Thesis Is......Page 122
Prewrite to Find Support......Page 123
Drop Unrelated Ideas......Page 124
Select the Best Support Points......Page 126
Add Supporting Details......Page 127
Write Topic Sentences for Your Support Points......Page 129
Write Your Own Support......Page 130
Chronological Order......Page 134
Order of Importance......Page 135
Practice Making a Plan......Page 136
Write Your Own Plan......Page 141
WRITING ASSIGNMENT......Page 142
Practice Writing a Draft......Page 144
Draft the Body of the Essay......Page 145
Open with a Quotation......Page 146
Ask a Question......Page 147
Write a Conclusion......Page 150
Title Your Essay......Page 154
Write Your Own Draft......Page 155
Understand What Revision Is......Page 159
Understand What Peer Review Is......Page 160
Practice Revising for Unity......Page 161
Practice Revising for Support and Detail......Page 166
Practice Revising for Coherence......Page 169
Revise Your Own Essay......Page 174
Part Two: Writing Different Kinds of  Essays......Page 179
Understand What Narration Is......Page 181
Support in Narration......Page 183
Narration in College......Page 186
Profile of Success......Page 189
Narration in Everyday Life......Page 191
Critical Reading and Writing:Key College Skills......Page 194
Write a Narration Essay......Page 195
WRITING GUIDE: NARRATION......Page 198
Understand What Illustration Is......Page 201
Support in Illustration......Page 203
Illustration in College......Page 204
Profi le of Success......Page 207
Juan’s Illustration......Page 208
Illustration in Everyday Life......Page 211
Write an Illustration Essay......Page 213
EVERYDAY LIFE......Page 214
ASSIGNMENT 2 WRITING ABOUT AN IMAGE......Page 215
ASSIGNMENT 4 WRITING ABOUT READINGS......Page 216
WRITING GUIDE: ILLUSTRATION......Page 217
Understand What Description Is......Page 219
Main Point in Description......Page 220
Support in Description......Page 221
Organization in Description......Page 222
Description in College......Page 223
Profile of Success......Page 225
Description in Everyday Life......Page 228
Write a Description Essay......Page 230
WRITING GUIDE: DESCRIPTION......Page 233
Understand What Process Analysis Is......Page 236
Main Point in Process Analysis......Page 237
Support in Process Analysis......Page 238
Read and Analyze Process Analysis......Page 239
Process Analysis in College......Page 240
Profile of Success......Page 242
Process Analysis in Everyday Life......Page 244
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College Skills......Page 246
Write a Process Analysis Essay......Page 247
WRITING GUIDE: PROCESS ANALYSIS......Page 250
Understand What Classification Is......Page 252
Main Point in Classification......Page 254
Organization in Classification......Page 256
Read and Analyze Classification......Page 257
Classification in College......Page 258
Profile of Success......Page 259
Classification in Everyday Life......Page 262
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College Skills......Page 263
Write a Classification Essay......Page 264
WRITING GUIDE: CLASSIFICATION......Page 267
Understand What Definition Is......Page 270
Main Point in Definition......Page 271
Support in Definition......Page 272
Organization in Definition......Page 273
Definition in College......Page 274
Definition in Everyday Life......Page 279
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College Skills......Page 280
Write a Definition Essay......Page 281
WRITING GUIDE: DEFINITION......Page 284
Understand What Comparisonand Contrast Are......Page 286
Main Point in Comparison and Contrast......Page 287
Support in Comparison and Contrast......Page 288
Organization in Comparison and Contrast......Page 289
Comparison and Contrast in College......Page 291
Comparison and Contrast at Work......Page 293
Profile of Success......Page 294
Write a Comparison and Contrast Essay......Page 299
WRITING GUIDE: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST......Page 303
Understand What Cause and Effect Are......Page 306
Support in Cause and Effect......Page 308
Organization in Cause and Effect......Page 309
Cause and Effect in College......Page 310
Cause and Effect at Work......Page 312
Profile of Success......Page 313
Cause and Effect in Everyday Life......Page 316
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College Skills......Page 318
Write a Cause and Effect Essay......Page 319
WRITING GUIDE: CAUSE AND EFFECT......Page 322
Understand What Argument Is......Page 324
Main Point in Argument......Page 326
Support in Argument......Page 328
Organization in Argument......Page 334
Argument in College......Page 335
Profile of Success......Page 337
Argument in Everyday Life......Page 340
Write an Argument Essay......Page 343
WRITING GUIDE: ARGUMENT......Page 347
Part Three: Special College Writing Projects......Page 351
Studying for Tests......Page 353
Study with a Partner or a Group......Page 354
Predict What Will Be on the Exam......Page 355
Test-Taking Strategies......Page 356
Survey the Whole Exam before Starting......Page 357
Answering an Essay Question......Page 358
Read and Analyze the Question......Page 359
Write a Thesis Statement......Page 362
Make an Outline......Page 363
Write Your Answer......Page 364
Reread and Revise Your Answer......Page 365
Writing a Summary......Page 368
WRITING GUIDE: SUMMARY......Page 370
Writing a Report......Page 372
STEPS TO WRITING A GOOD RESEARCH ESSAY......Page 380
Make a Schedule......Page 381
Choose a Topic......Page 382
Consult a Reference Librarian......Page 383
Use the Online Catalog or Card Catalog......Page 384
Periodical Indexes and Databases......Page 385
Use the Internet......Page 386
Search Engines and Searching with Key Words......Page 387
Interview People......Page 389
Evaluate Sources......Page 390
Keep a Running Bibliography......Page 394
Indirect Quotation: Paraphrase......Page 395
Direct Quotation......Page 397
Make an Outline......Page 400
Cite and Document Your Sources......Page 402
Books......Page 403
Periodicals......Page 405
Electronic Sources......Page 406
Other Sources......Page 408
Sample Student Research Essay......Page 409
WRITING GUIDE: RESEARCH ESSAY......Page 414
Part Four: The Four Most Serious Errors......Page 417
The Parts of Speech......Page 419
Subjects......Page 422
Action Verbs......Page 425
Linking Verbs......Page 426
Helping Verbs......Page 427
Complete Thoughts......Page 429
Six Basic Sentence Patterns......Page 430
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 432
In the Real World, Why Is It Important to Correct Fragments?......Page 435
Find and Correct Fragments......Page 436
Fragments That Start with Dependent Words......Page 437
Fragments That Start with to and a Verb......Page 443
Fragments That Start with Examplesor Explanations......Page 445
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 448
Understand What Run-Ons Are......Page 452
Find and Correct Run-Ons......Page 453
Add a Period......Page 454
Add a Semicolon......Page 455
Add a Comma and a Coordinating Conjunction......Page 457
Add a Dependent Word......Page 459
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 462
Understand What Subject-Verb Agreement Is......Page 468
In the Real World, Why Is It Important to Correct Subject-Verb Agreement Problems?......Page 469
The Verb Is a Form of  Be, Have, or Do......Page 470
Prepositional Phrase between the Subject and the Verb......Page 474
Dependent Clause between the Subject and the Verb......Page 475
The Sentence Has a Compound Subject......Page 477
The Subject Is an Indefinite Pronoun......Page 478
The Verb Comes before the Subject......Page 480
Sentences That Begin with Here or There......Page 481
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 482
Understand What Verb Tense Is......Page 486
Use Correct Verbs......Page 487
Present Tense......Page 488
Past Tense......Page 492
Future Tense......Page 498
Present-Tense Irregular Verbs......Page 501
Past-Tense Irregular Verbs......Page 502
Passive Voice......Page 509
Consistency of Verb Tense......Page 511
Verb Tense Reference Charts......Page 512
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 523
Part Five: Other Grammar Concerns......Page 527
Understand What Pronouns Are......Page 529
Check for Pronoun Agreement......Page 531
Indefinite Pronouns......Page 532
Collective Nouns......Page 534
Avoid Ambiguous or Vague Pronoun References......Page 536
Object Pronouns......Page 539
Pronouns Used with Compound Subjects and Objects......Page 540
Pronouns Used in Comparisons......Page 542
Choosing between Who and Whom......Page 543
Make Pronouns Consistent......Page 544
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 546
Understand What Adjectives and Adverbs Are......Page 551
Choosing between Adjective and Adverb Forms......Page 553
Using Adjectives and Adverbs in Comparisons......Page 554
Using Good, Well, Bad, and Badly......Page 556
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 559
Misplaced Modifiers......Page 565
Dangling Modifiers......Page 566
Practice Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers......Page 567
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 569
Understand Coordination and Subordination......Page 573
Using Coordinating Conjunctions......Page 574
Using Semicolons......Page 577
Using Subordinating Conjunctions......Page 580
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 583
Understand What Parallelism Is......Page 587
Parallelism in Pairs and Lists......Page 588
Parallelism in Comparisons......Page 589
Parallelism with Certain Paired Words......Page 591
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 593
Understand What Sentence Variety Is......Page 597
Start Some Sentences with Adverbs......Page 598
Join Ideas Using an -ing Verb Form......Page 600
Join Ideas Using an -ed Verb Form......Page 603
Join Ideas Using an Appositive......Page 606
Join Ideas Using an Adjective Clause......Page 609
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 611
Statements......Page 616
Negatives......Page 618
Questions......Page 621
There Is and There Are......Page 622
Pronouns......Page 624
Using a Pronoun to Repeat a Subject......Page 625
Using Relative Pronouns......Page 626
The Simple Present......Page 628
The Simple Past......Page 631
The Present Progressive......Page 634
The Past Progressive......Page 636
The Future Progressive......Page 637
The Present Perfect......Page 639
The Past Perfect......Page 641
The Future Perfect......Page 642
Gerunds and Infinitives......Page 644
Modal Auxiliaries......Page 647
Should/Must......Page 648
Could/ Would......Page 649
Modals and Present-Perfect Verbs......Page 650
Using Definite and Indefinite Articles......Page 652
Using Articles with Countand Noncount Nouns......Page 653
Prepositions......Page 656
Prepositions after Verbs......Page 657
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 660
Part Six: Word Use......Page 665
Dictionary......Page 667
Practice Avoiding Four Common Word-Choice Problems......Page 668
Vague and Abstract Words......Page 669
Slang......Page 671
Wordy Language......Page 672
Clichés......Page 674
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 676
Understand Why Certain Words Are Commonly Confused......Page 681
Practice Using Commonly Confused Words Correctly......Page 682
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 691
PRACTICE 1 FINDING SPELLING ERRORS......Page 694
Practice Spelling Correctly......Page 695
Five Steps to Better Spelling......Page 696
Step 2. Master Your Personal Spelling Demons......Page 697
Step 4. Learn Six Spelling Rules......Page 698
Step 5: Consult a Spelling List......Page 700
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 701
Part Seven: Punctuation and Capitalization......Page 705
Practice Using Commas Correctly......Page 707
Commas between Coordinate Adjectives......Page 708
Commas in Compound Sentences......Page 710
Commas after Introductory Word Groups......Page 711
Commas around Appositives and Interrupters......Page 713
Commas around Adjective Clauses......Page 715
Commas with Quotation Marks......Page 716
Commas with Names......Page 717
Commas with Yes or No......Page 718
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 719
Apostrophes to Show Ownership......Page 722
Its or It’s......Page 723
Apostrophes in Contractions......Page 725
Apostrophes with Letters, Numbers,and Time......Page 727
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 728
Understand What Quotation Marks Do......Page 730
Setting Off a Quotation within Another Quotation......Page 732
No Quotation Marks for Indirect Quotations......Page 734
Quotation Marks for Certain Titles......Page 735
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 736
Understand What Punctuation Does......Page 739
Colons before Explanations or Examples......Page 740
Parentheses ( )......Page 741
Hyphens to Divide a Word at the End of a Line......Page 742
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 743
Capitalization of Sentences......Page 746
People......Page 747
Dates......Page 748
Commercial Products......Page 749
Capitalization of Titles......Page 751
Edit Paragraphs and Your Own Writing......Page 752
Editing Review Test 1......Page 757
Part Eight: Readings for Writers......Page 775
42: Introduction to the Readings......Page 777
Langston HughesSalvation......Page 779
Uzodinma Iweala A Close Encounter......Page 783
Narration: Linked Readings......Page 787
Ellen Goodman Nightmare of Feature Creep......Page 789
Kathleen Vail Words That Wound......Page 793
Illustration: Linked Readings......Page 798
Alex EspinozaAn American in Mexico......Page 800
Debra Marquart Chores......Page 804
Description: Linked Readings......Page 809
Malcolm X My First Conk1......Page 810
Daniel Goleman For Man and Beast, Language of Love Shares Many Traits......Page 815
Process Analysis: Linked Readings......Page 820
Scott Russell Sanders The Men We Carry in Our Minds......Page 822
Amy Tan Mother Tongue......Page 830
Classification: Linked Readings......Page 837
Nancy Mairs On Being a Cripple......Page 839
Juliet B. Schor Age Compression......Page 845
Definition: Linked Readings......Page 850
Dave Barry The Ugly Truth about Beauty......Page 851
Bharati Mukherjee Two Ways to Belong in America......Page 856
Comparison and Contrast: Linked Readings......Page 861
Amy L. Beck Struggling for Perfection......Page 863
Brent Staples Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space......Page 868
Cause and Effect: Linked Readings......Page 873
FOUR BASICS OF GOOD ARGUMENT......Page 875
Barbara Huttmann A Crime of Compassion......Page 876
Marc Siegel Treating the Pain by Ending a Life......Page 880
Jerry Fensterman I See Why Others Choose to Die......Page 884
Marilyn Golden Why Progressives Should Oppose the Legalization of Assisted Suicide......Page 889
Herbert Hendin The Case against Physician-Assisted Suicide: For the Right to End-of-Life Care......Page 894
Write an Essay: What Do You Think?......Page 899
Appendix Problem Solving in Writing......Page 901
Correction Symbols......Page 944
Answers to Odd-Numbered Editing Exercises......Page 905
Index......Page 927