Reader in Marxist Philosophy: From the Writings of Marx, Engels and Lenin

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
Prefatory Note
Contents
General Introduction
Part One: What Marxism Is
	Introduction
	1 Marxism: The Theory of the Proletariat
		A. Science Becomes Revolutionary
		B. Modern Socialism Reflects an Actual Conflict
	2. "The Most Radical Rupture With Traditional Ideas"
	3. The Genesis of Marxism: How Socialism Became a Science
	4. The Three Component Parts Op Marxism
	5. Communism Cannot be Learned by Rote
Part Two: Materialism Versus Idealism
	Introduction
	1. Materialism and Idealism: The Two Basic Schools of Philosophy
	2. The Development of Modern Materialism in France and England
	3. The Relation of Agnosticism, Materialism, and Religion to Modern Class Struggles
	4. Lenin Defends Marxist Materialism Against Revisionists
	5. "Refutation of Materialism" From Berkeley to the Machians
	6. Materialism Versus Idealism: Non-partisanship and Reconciliati0n Impossible
	7. Does the New Physics Refute Materialism?
		1. The Crisis in Modern Physics
		2. "Matter Has Disappeared"
		3. Is Motion Without Matter Conceivable?
Part Three: Dialectics and the Dialectical Method?
	Introduction
	1. "All That is Real is Rational"—The Revolutionary Side of Hegelian Philosophy
	2. Marxist Dialectics the Opposite of Hegel's
	3. From Hegelian to Materialist Dialectics
		A. The Role of the Natural Sciences
		B. The Role of Marx's Political Economy
	4. Scientific Versus Schematic Use of Dialectics
	5. Dialectics and Natural Science
	6. Dialectics and Formal Logic
		A. The Law of Identity
		B. Definition: Eclectic and Dialectic
	7. Contradictions in Reality
	8. Contradictions: Chance and Necessity
	9. The Laws of Dialectics
	10. The Interaction of Quantity and Quality
		A. In the Natural Sciences
		B. In the Social Sciences
		C. In the Labor Process
	11. The Unity and Conflict of Opposites
	12. The Negation of the Negation
Part Four: Theory of Knowledge and The Philosophy of Science
	Introduction
	1. Three Propositions of the Marxist Theory of Knowledge
	2. How Do We Know Objective Reality?
	3. The "Thing-in-Itself"
		A. No "Thing-in-itself" for Science
		B. The Knowability of the "Thing-in-Itself"
	4. What is Objective Truth?
	5. Truth: Relative and Absolute
	6. Relativity of Knowledge Versus Relativism
	A. Conditional Versus Unconditional Truth
	8. Relativism and Dialectics
	7. The Category of Causality
		A. Our Knowledge of Causauty
		B. Causality a Reflection of Objective Reality
	8. Modern Sclence: From a Static to a Dynamic World-View
	9. Role of Production In the Development of the Sciences
	10. Natural Scientists and Philosophy
		A. Why Scientists Need a Philosophy
		B. From Metaphysics to Positive Science
		C. Necessity of Dialectics For Scientists
	11. Science Versus Metaphysics
	12. Inseparability of Induction and Deduction
		A. Fallibility of Induction
		B. Induction and Analysis
		C. Induction: Classification and Evolution
	13. The Function of Concepts: To Reflect Reality
	14. Concepts and the Growth of Science
	15. Definitions, Abstractions, and Reality
		A. Dialectics and Definitions
		B. Limitations of Definition
		C. All "Laws" Are Approximations
		D. The Concrete and Abstract Illustrated
Part Five: The Materialist Interpretation of History
	Introduction
	1. Mode of Production: The Basis of Social Life
		A. The Law of Social Development
		B. Thought Corresponds to Social Relations
	2. What Marx Discovered
		A. The Material Basis of Society
		B. How a Science of History Became Possible
	3. The Social Nature of Consciousness
	4. Scientific Versus Speculative History
	5. Three Criteria For a Scientific Sociology
	6. Classes and Ideoloogy
	7. The Role of Economic Conditions, of the Superstructure, and of Chance
	8. The Economic Element Not the Only Determining One
	9. Interaction of Economic Conditions, Institutions, and Ideology
	10. How Man Makes His Own History: Contradiction Between His Aims and Results
	11. History and Ideology
		A. Three Ways of Making Speculative History
		B. The Nature of Ideology
	12 Society, Civilisation, and the State
	13. A Summary Statement: Historical Materialism the Basis of Modern Socialism
Part Six: Religion
	Introduction
	1. Religion "The Opium of the People"
	2. The Religious World: The Reflex of the Real World
		A. Religious Sentiment a Social Product
		B. When Will Religion Vanish?
		C. Religious Reflex from Natural to Social Force
	3. Feuerbach's Idealist Approach to Religion
	4. Humanism Versus Pantheism: On Thomas Carlyle
	5. The Decay of Religious Authority
	6. God and Natural Science
	7. Religion and the Class Struggle
		A. How Marxists Fight Religion
		B. Socialism, Atheism, and Religious Freedom
Part Seven: Ethics
	Introduction
	1. The Class Nature of Morality
	2. Feuerbach: Love and the Pursuit of Happiness
	3. Evolution of the Idea of Equality"
	4. Equality Versus Equalitarianism
	5. Evolution of the Concept of Justice
	6. Marxism and "Absolute" Justice
	A. Unscientific Nature of "Eternal Justice
	B. Justice Determined by Mode of Production
	7. The Meaning of Freedom
	8. Two Realms of Freedom and Their Material Preconditons
	9. Classless Society: Basis For Personal Freedom
	10. Progress: From Blind Necessity to Freedom
	11. The Nature of Communist Ethics
Appendices
	I. The Formative Period
	II. Lenin's Philosophical Notebooks
Appendix I: The Formative Period
	Introduction
	1. On the Philosophy of Epicurus
	2. Religion, Philosophy, Proletarian Revolution
	3. On Settling Accounts With Hegelian Philosophy
		A. Theology and the Decay of Philosophy
		B. Hegel: The Philosopher of "Abstract Thinking"
		C. Hegel's Positive and Negative Sides
	4. Bruno Bauer: a Theologian From the Very Beginning
	5. Alienation
		A. Private Property and Alienated Labor
		B. The Sway of Inhuman Power
		C. Communism Equals Humanism
		D. The Humanist Task of the Proletariat
	6. Atomic Individuals and Society
	7. On One-Sidedness In Philosophy, Politics, and Political Economy
	8. The Spiritual Element In Production
	9. Ludwig Feuerbach
		A. His Great Achievement
		B. Theses on Feuerbach: The Old and the New Materialism
	10. The Hegelian Method: "The Mystery of Speculative Construction"
	11. The Young Hegelians
		A. Sheep In Wolves' Clothing
		B. "The Staunchest Conservatives"
Appendix II: Lenin's Philosophical Notebooks
	Introduction
	A. On Hegel's Science of Logic
	B. On Hegel's History of Philosophy
	C. A Comment on Hegel's Encyclopedia Logic
	D. On Aristotle's Metaphysics
Sources
Biographical References