Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One: Biopolymers, Polyesters, Polyurethanes, Resins and Silicones

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Chapter 1: Introduction to Reactive and Functional Polymers: A Note From the Editor
	1.1 Fundamentals for Reactive and Functional Polymers
	References
Chapter 2: Biodegradable and Functional Synthetic Polymers in Nanomedicine: Controlled and Targeted Bioactive Molecule Release
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers for Bioactive Delivery
	2.3 PEG as a Hydrophilic Polymer
		2.3.1 PEGylated Drugs on the Market
		2.3.2 Small PEGylated Bioactive Compounds
	2.4 PLGA as a Selected Amphiphilic Polymer
		2.4.1 Design of PLGA-Based Systems for Delivering Micromolecular Drugs
		2.4.2 PLGA-Based Nanosystems for the Transfer of Biomacromolecules
	2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
Chapter 3: Reactive Modification of Fiber Polymer Materials for Textile Applications
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Fiber Modifications
		3.2.1 Alkali Treatments
		3.2.2 Crosslinking
			3.2.2.1 Treatments to Improve Mechanical Resilience
			3.2.2.2 Treatments to Impart Mechanical and Chemical Stability
			3.2.2.3 Treatments as a Means of Fixing Functionalization Agents
		3.2.3 Grafting
			3.2.3.1 Anionic and Cationic Polymerization
			3.2.3.2 Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP)
			3.2.3.3 Radical Polymerization
				3.2.3.3.1 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
				3.2.3.3.2 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP)
				3.2.3.3.3 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT)
		3.2.4 Polymer Deposition
	3.3 Summary and Outlook
	References
Chapter 4: Reactive Processing and Functionalization of Ground Tire Rubber
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Reactive Sintering of GTR
	4.3 Functionalization and Modification of GTR
		4.3.1 Reclaiming/Devulcanization
		4.3.2 Increasing the Polarity of the GTR Surface
		4.3.3 Using Coupling Agents and Additives
		4.3.4 Grafting of Chemical Compounds on the Surface of GTR
	4.4 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References
Chapter 5: Lignin as a Natural Antioxidant: Property-Structure Relationship and Potential Applications
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Antioxidant Activity-Structure Relationship
	5.3 Preparation of Lignin With High Antioxidant Activity
	5.4 Mechanism of Lignin Toxicity and Cell Damage
	5.5 Applications of Lignin as an Antioxidant
		5.5.1 Applications in Anti-UV Agents and Photosensitive Materials
		5.5.2 Applications in Asphalt Binders
		5.5.3 Applications in Biomaterials
		5.5.4 Applications in Conductive Materials
		5.5.5 Applications in Packaging Materials
		5.5.6 Applications of Lignin as a Thermal Oxidation Stabilizer
	5.6 Challenges of Integrating Lignin into Polymers
	5.7 Lignin as Raw Material for the Production of Antioxidants
	5.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 6: Functional Biobased Composite Polymers for Food Packaging Applications
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Biobased Polymers
		6.2.1 Polysaccharide Biomass
		6.2.2 Protein Biomass
		6.2.3 Lipid and Wax Biomass
	6.3 Nanoreinforcement
		6.3.1 Clays and Silicate-Based Fillers
		6.3.2 Metallic Nanostructures
		6.3.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
		6.3.4 Polysaccharide Based Nanostructures
	6.4 Processing Techniques for Biobased Nanocomposites
		6.4.1 In-Situ Polymerization
		6.4.2 Melt Processing
		6.4.3 Solution Based Approaches: Wet Chemistry
		6.4.4 High Shear Mixing and Roll Milling
		6.4.5 Other Methods
	6.5 Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites
		6.5.1 Barrier Properties
		6.5.2 Mechanical Properties
		6.5.3 Optical Properties
		6.5.4 Thermal Properties
		6.5.5 Surface Properties
		6.5.6 Functional Properties
	6.6 Food Packaging Applications
	6.7 Conclusions and Remarks
	References
Chapter 7: Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Conversion Technologies for Ligocellulosic Biomass
		7.1.2 Polyurethanes
		7.1.3 Methods for the Synthesis of PU Foams
	7.2 Biopolyols Derived From Fast Pyrolysis and PUs
		7.2.1 Biopolyols Derived From Fast Pyrolysis
		7.2.2 Preparation of PU Foams by Using Biopolyols Derived From Fast Pyrolysis
	7.3 Biopolyols Derived From Liquefaction and PUs
		7.3.1 Biopolyols Derived From Liquefaction
		7.3.2 PU Foams Preparation by Using Biopolyols Derived From Liquefaction
	7.4 Biopolyols Derived From Organosolv Fractionation and PUs
		7.4.1 Biopolyols Derived From Organosolv Fractionation
		7.4.2 PU Foams Preparation By Using Biopolyols Derived From Organosolv Fractionation
	7.5 Summary and Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 8: Reactive and Functional Polyesters and Polyurethanes
	8.1 Polyesters
		8.1.1 Unsaturated Polyesters (UPs)
			8.1.1.1 Introduction
			8.1.1.2 Monomers
				8.1.1.2.1 Glycols
				8.1.1.2.2 Dicarboxylic Acid or Anhydride
				8.1.1.2.3 Reactive Monomers
			8.1.1.3 Production
			8.1.1.4 Final Reactions of Reactive UP
			8.1.1.5 Uses and Applications
		8.1.2 Saturated Polyesters
			8.1.2.1 Introduction
			8.1.2.2 Monomers
				8.1.2.2.1 Glycols
				8.1.2.2.2 Dicarboxylic Acids or Anhydrides
			8.1.2.3 Production
			8.1.2.4 Final Reactions on Saturated Reactive Polyester
			8.1.2.5 Applications and Uses
	8.2 Polyurethanes (PUs)
		8.2.1 Introduction
		8.2.2 Monomers
			8.2.2.1 Polyols
				8.2.2.1.1 Polyethers
				8.2.2.1.2 Polyesters
				8.2.2.1.3 Acrylic Polyols
				8.2.2.1.4 Polybutadiene Polyols
				8.2.2.1.5 Polysiloxane Polyols
				8.2.2.1.6 Aminic Polyols
			8.2.2.2 Diisocyanates
		8.2.3 Chemistry of PUs
		8.2.4 Production of PUs
			8.2.4.1 Solvent-Borne PU Synthesis
			8.2.4.2 Waterborne PU (WPU) Synthesis
		8.2.5 Reactive PUs
			8.2.5.1 One-Component Reactive PUs
			8.2.5.2 Two-Component Reactive PUs
		8.2.6 Applications and Uses
	8.3 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
Chapter 9: Lignin as a Coating and Curing Agent on Biodegradable Epoxy Resins
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Lignin Epoxy Resin
	9.3 Conclusions and Remarks
	References
Chapter 10: Reactive Silicones as Multifacetic Materials
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Structures and Properties of Silicones
		10.2.1 Physical Properties of Silicones Polymers
	10.3 Manufacture of Silicones
		10.3.1 Synthesis of Different Chlorosilanes
		10.3.2 Nucleophilic Substitution of Chlorosilanes
			10.3.2.1 Condensation Polymerization for the Formation of Silicone Polymers
	10.4 Uses and Benefits
		10.4.1 Personal Care Products
		10.4.2 Energy Silicone
		10.4.3 Electronics
		10.4.4 Aviation
		10.4.5 Thickening and Thixotropy
		10.4.6 Reinforcement
		10.4.7 Free Flow Agent
		10.4.8 Thermal Isolation
		10.4.9 Thermal Aging Resistance of the Silicone Polymer
		10.4.10 Chemical Aging and Weather Resistance of Silicone Polymers
		10.4.11 Release Properties
		10.4.12 Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites
		10.4.13 Super Ball Show
	10.5 Silicones and Bio-Performance
		10.5.1 The Notion of Biocompatibility
		10.5.2 Biocompatibility of Silicones
		10.5.3 Pharmaceutical Applications
		10.5.4 Epidemiology
	10.6 The Impact of Silicones on The Environment
		10.6.1 Impact on Air, Soil and Water
		10.6.2 Recycling
	10.7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 11: Reactive and Functional Silicones for Special Applications
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Synthesis of Functional Silicones: Classic and Modern Approaches
		11.2.1 Synthesis of Functional Polysiloxanes From Silane Monomers
		11.2.2 ROP of Functional Cyclosiloxanes
		11.2.3 Post-Functionalization of Silicones
	11.3 Silicones for Electromechanical Applications
		11.3.1 Polysiloxanes With Polar Groups in Dielectric Elastomers
		11.3.2 Polar Crosslinking Centers
	11.4 Functional Silicones in Liquid Crystalline Materials
		11.4.1 Low Mw and Polymeric Siloxane-Containing LCs
		11.4.2 Polysiloxane-Based Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
		11.4.3 Polymer-Dispersed LCs (PDLCs) and Hybrid LC Materials
	11.5 Functional Silicones as Surfactants
	11.6 Functional Silicones for Biomedical Applications
	11.7 Reactive and Functional Siloxanes as Ligands for Metals
	11.8 Miscellaneous: Special Properties and Applications of Functional Silicones
	11.9 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 12: Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers in Dentistry
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 13: Synthetic Methods and Applications of Functional and Reactive Silicone Polymers
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Silicon Nomenclature
	13.3 Properties of Siloxane Polymers
	13.4 Traditional Preparations of Siloxane Polymers
	13.5 Crosslinking of Siloxane Polymers
	13.6 Recent Advances in Siloxane Chemistry
	13.7 Silicone Surfactants
	13.8 Inherent Reactivity of the Siloxane Bond
	13.9 Outlook and Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14: Hydrosilyl-Functional Polysiloxanes: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Synthesis of PHS and PMHS
		14.2.1 Synthesis of PMHS With Linear and Ring Structures
		14.2.2 Synthesis of PHS and PMHS with Branched, Cage, Dendritic, Ladder and Star Structures
		14.2.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Random Branched PMHS
		14.2.4 Synthesis of PHS and PMHS With Cage Structures
		14.2.5 Densely Crosslinked Hybrid Materials Based on PMHS
		14.2.6 Synthesis of Dendritic Poly(siloxysilane)s Containing H-Silane Functionalities
	14.3 Most Important Achievements in a Field of Chemistry and Technology of PMHS
		14.3.1 The Tacticity (Microstructure) of PMHS Chains
	14.4 Synthesis of Branched Random Poly(methylhydroborosiloxane)s (PMHBS)
	14.5 PHS and PMHS Reactions
		14.5.1 Acidolysis, Alcoholysis, Hydrolysis and Oxidation Reactions of the Si-H Bond
		14.5.2 Hydrosilylation Reactions
			14.5.2.1 Synthesis of Hybrid Silicone-Based Materials from PMHS
		14.5.3 Synthesis of Polysiloxanes by Dehydrocarbocondensation of H-Silanes and H-Siloxanes with Alkoxysilanes
		14.5.4 Dehydrocondensation Reaction of H-Silanes and H-Siloxanes With Silanols
	14.6 Applications of PMHS
		14.6.1 General Applications of PMHS
		14.6.2 Liquid-Crystalline Derivatives from PMHS
			14.6.2.1 Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Thermosets
		14.6.3 Crosslinking of Silicone Elastomers and Rubbers with PMHS
		14.6.4 Synthesis of Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Copolymers
		14.6.5 Modification of the Properties of Polyolefins and Polydienes by the Hydrosilylation Method
		14.6.6 Modification of Elastomers Properties with Linear PMHS
		14.6.7 Modification of Properties of Other Polymers with PMHS
		14.6.8 Functionalization of Nanosilica with the Si-H Groups
		14.6.9 Modification of Surface Properties of Other Inorganic Supports and Fillers
	14.7 Summary
	14.8 Conclusions
	References
Correction to: Introduction to Reactive and Functional Polymers: A Note From the Editor
Index