Re-skilling Human Resources for Construction 4.0: Implications for Industry, Academia and Government

Preface
Contents
Part I Introduction and Background to Reskilling and Upskilling for Construction 4.0 Technologies
1 Introduction
	1.1 Background to the Study
		1.1.1 Construction 4.0
		1.1.2 Building Information Modeling (BIM)
		1.1.3 Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
		1.1.4 Prefabrication
		1.1.5 3D Printing
		1.1.6 Robotic Construction
		1.1.7 Internet of Things (IoT)
		1.1.8 The Need for Reskilling and Upskilling
	1.2 Aims and Objectives
	1.3 Organization of the Book
	1.4 Contribution and Value
	1.5 Summary
	References
2 Construction 4.0
	2.1 Introduction
		2.1.1 Historical Background of Construction 4.0
		2.1.2 Components of Construction 4.0
	2.2 Prospects of Construction 4.0
		2.2.1 Development of a Creative Environment
		2.2.2 Improved Sustainability of the Construction Industry
		2.2.3 Boosting of the Image of the Construction Industry
		2.2.4 Increased Productivity
		2.2.5 Reduction of Risk in Construction Sites
		2.2.6 Enhanced Cost-Predictability
		2.2.7 Saves Time
		2.2.8 Improves Site Safety
		2.2.9 Better Output for Worker’s Effort
		2.2.10 Growth in Foreign Trade Communication
		2.2.11 Increased Innovation in the Construction Industry
		2.2.12 Increase in National GDP
	2.3 Threats of Construction 4.0
		2.3.1 Reduced Creativity
		2.3.2 High Start-Up Cost
		2.3.3 Loss of Jobs
		2.3.4 Increase in Social Anxiety Among Different Cadres
		2.3.5 Cyber-Security Risk
		2.3.6 Workers Enslavement
		2.3.7 Increase in Unemployment
		2.3.8 Increase in Expenditure of Import Materials
	2.4 Summary
	References
Part II Construction 4.0 Technologies
3 Building Information Modelling
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Dimensions of Building Information Modelling
	3.2 Application of Building Information Models in Construction
		3.2.1 Design Visualization
		3.2.2 Constructability Analysis
		3.2.3 Site Planning and Utilization
		3.2.4 Scheduling and Sequencing
		3.2.5 Cost Estimation
		3.2.6 Communication
	3.3 Case Studies of Building Information Modeling Application in Construction and Resultant Benefits
		3.3.1 Case Study One: Venetian Casino Construction in Macau, Hong Kong
		3.3.2 Case Study 2: Cathay Pacific Cargo Terminal, Hong Kong
		3.3.3 Case Study 3: Aquarium Hilton Garden Inn, Atlanta, Georgia
		3.3.4 Case Study 4: National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Malaysia
	3.4 Benefits of Building Information Models in Construction
	3.5 Risk of Adopting Building Information Modelling
	3.6 Relevant Skills Required for Building Information Modelling
		3.6.1 Soft Skills
		3.6.2 Technical skills
	3.7 Summary
	References
4 Drone/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Technology
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Components of a Drone
		4.1.2 Classification of Drones
		4.1.3 Types of Drones Used in the Construction Industry
	4.2 Application Drone Technology in the Construction Industry
	4.3 Case Studies of Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Technology Application in Construction and Resultant Benefits
		4.3.1 Case Study One: 3D Building Construction in Shandong University of Science and Technology and the Henan University of Urban Construction
		4.3.2 Case Study Two: Projects A (91 5-Story Buildings and 5 3-Story Buildings), and Project B (1 26-Story Building)
	4.4 Benefits of Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Application in Construction
	4.5 Risks Associated with Drone Technology
	4.6 Skills Required for Drone Operation in the Construction Industry
	4.7 Summary
	References
5 Prefabrication
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Classification of Prefabrication
	5.2 Application of Prefabrication in Construction
		5.2.1 Residential and Commercial Housing
		5.2.2 Reconstruction of Bridges and Rehabilitation
		5.2.3 Stadiums and Grandstands
	5.3 Case Studies of Prefabrication Application in Construction Projects and the Resultant Benefits
		5.3.1 Case Study One: Fort Sam Houston Medical Education and Training Complex
		5.3.2 Case Study Two: One9 Modular Building in Melbourne Australia
		5.3.3 Case Study Three: La Trobe Tower in Melbourne, Australia
	5.4 Benefits of Prefabrication Application in Construction
	5.5 Risk of Adopting Prefabrication in Construction
	5.6 Relevant Skills for Prefabrication Application
	5.7 Summary
	References
6 3D Printing/Addictive Manufacturing
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 3D Printing Materials
		6.1.2 Methods of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Technologies in Construction
	6.2 Application of 3D Printing to Construction
		6.2.1 3D Architectural Design
		6.2.2 3D Printed Houses
		6.2.3 3D Office
		6.2.4 3D Bridge and Canal
		6.2.5 Stormwater Collectors
	6.3 Case Studies of 3D Printing Applications in Construction Projects and Resultant Benefits
		6.3.1 Case Study One: Apis Cor Printed House in Russian
		6.3.2 Case Study Two: 3D Printed Office in Dubai
		6.3.3 Case Study Two (3): Freeform Truss Shaped Pillar in Aix-En-Provence, France
		6.3.4 Case Study Four (4): Ten (10) 200 Square Meters Houses in China
	6.4 Benefits of 3D Printing Addictive Manufacturing in Construction
	6.5 Risks Associated with 3D Printing in Construction
		6.5.1 Health Risk
		6.5.2 Cyber Risk and Intellectual Property Risk
		6.5.3 Legal and Regulation Risk
		6.5.4 Risk of Job Loss
		6.5.5 Management Risk
		6.5.6 Material Shortage Risk
		6.5.7 Financial Risk
	6.6 Skills Requirement for 3D Printing Application in Construction
		6.6.1 Technical Skill
		6.6.2 Software Designing Skill
		6.6.3 Modelling Skill
		6.6.4 Creativity Skill
	6.7 Summary
	References
7 Robotic Construction Technology
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Components of a Robot
		7.1.2 Types of Robotics Construction
	7.2 Application of Robotic Technology in Construction
		7.2.1 Painting and Spraying
		7.2.2 Demolition
		7.2.3 Bricklaying and Plastering
		7.2.4 Construction Welding
		7.2.5 Transportation in Construction
		7.2.6 Surveying and Monitoring
		7.2.7 Roadwork
		7.2.8 Interior Decoration
	7.3 Case Studies of Robotic Construction Applications in Construction Projects and Resultant Benefits
		7.3.1 Case Study One: Semi-Automated Mason (SAM or SAM100)
		7.3.2 Case Study Two: Jay and Susie Gogue Performing Arts Center Rendering
	7.4 Benefits of Robotic Construction Application
	7.5 Risks Associated with Robotic Construction
	7.6 Relevant Skills for Robotic Construction
		7.6.1 Computing Skills
		7.6.2 Computer Science Skills
		7.6.3 Soft Skills
	7.7 Summary
	References
8 Internet of Things (IoT)
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Components of Internet of Things
		8.1.2 Technologies of Internet of Things
		8.1.3 Architecture Layers of Internet of Things
		8.1.4 Communication/Connectivity Models for Internet of Things
	8.2 Applications of Internet of Things to the Construction Industry
		8.2.1 On-Site Applications
		8.2.2 Off-Site Construction Buildings Applications
	8.3 Benefits of Internet of Things in the Construction Industry
	8.4 Threat Associated with IoT in the Construction Industry
	8.5 Relevant Skills for the Internet of Things
	8.6 Summary
	References
Part III Reskilling and Roles of Stakeholders for Implementation of Construction 4.0
9 Reskilling for Construction 4.0
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Concept and Significance of Skills
		9.2.1 Soft Skills
		9.2.2 Hard Skills
	9.3 Current Skills Demand for Construction 4.0
		9.3.1 Building Information Modelling
		9.3.2 Drone/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Technology
		9.3.3 Prefabrication
		9.3.4 3D Printing/Addictive Manufacturing
		9.3.5 Robotic Technology
		9.3.6 Internet of Things (IoT)
	9.4 The Concept of Reskilling and Upskilling in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
		9.4.1 Reskilling
		9.4.2 Upskilling
		9.4.3 Need for Reskilling and Upskilling in Construction 4.0 Era
		9.4.4 Importance of Upskilling and Reskilling
		9.4.5 Strategies for Reskilling and Upskilling for Construction 4.0
	9.5 Role of Industry, Academia and Government in Reskilling for Construction 4.0
		9.5.1 Role of Construction Industry in Reskilling and Upskilling
		9.5.2 Role of Educational Institutions
		9.5.3 Role of Government
	9.6 Framework for Reskilling for Construction 4.0
	9.7 Summary
	References