Randomization, Masking, and Allocation Concealment

Content: Randomization and Bias in Historical PerspectiveJ. Rosser MatthewsProper Randomization Reduces the Chance of Waste Biomedical ResearchArturo Marti-CarvajalSympathetic bias: a Neglected Source of Selection BiasWilliam C. GrantThe Alleged Benefits of Unrestricted RandomizationVance W. BergerRestricted Randomization: Pros and CautionsJonathan ChipmanEvolution of Restricted Randomization with Maximum Tolerated ImbalanceWenle ZhaoEvaluating the EvaluationAdriana C. Burgos, Ross J. KusmickSelection Bias in Studies with Unequal AllocationOlga M. KuznetsovaUnrecognized Dual Threats to Internal Validity Relating to RandomizationVance W. Berger, Adriana C. Burgos, Omolola A. OdejimiTesting for second-order selection bias effect in randomised control trials using reverse propensity score (RPS)Steffen Mickenautsch, Bo FuThe Berger-Exner Test to Detect Third Order Selection Bias in the Presence of a True Treatment EffectSteffen Mickenautsch, Bo Fu, Vance W. BergerAdjusting for and detection of selection bias in randomized controlled clinical trialsLieven N. KennesRandomization and the randomization test: Two sides of the same coinPatrick OnghenaRandomization tests or permutation tests? A historical and terminological clarificationPatrick OnghenaFlexible Minimization: Synergistic Solution for Selection BiasDonald R. Taves